Browsing by Author "Kiziroglu, Ilhami"

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Determination of Newcastle Disease Virus Among Wild Bird Populations in Lake Van Basin, Turkey
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Boynukara, Banur; Gulhan, Timur; Coven, Fethiye; Kiziroglu, Ilhami; Durmus, Atilla
In this study, 540 feces samples taken from a total of 22 bird species, including transit migrant, winter visitor, migratory, and resident bird species, in Lake Van basin were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with respect to the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All of the feces samples were cultured in specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) for NDV isolation. The NDV isolates were analyzed for virulent fusion (F) protein by RT reverse transcription PCR (RRT-PCR). Of the 540 examined feces samples, 28 (5.18%) were found to be positive by RT-PCR. The same samples were cultured in ECEs and, of those, 9 (1.66%) were positive for NDV isolations. Of the isolates, 7 were obtained from the migrant waterfowls Phoenicopterus ruber, Anas clypeata, Aythya ferina, and Aythya fuligula and 2 were from the resident species Columba livia. The RRT-PCR F protein was determined in 1 isolate belonging to Aythya ferina; this strain was typed as mesogenic/velogenic avian paramyxovirus type 1 and the other 8 isolates as lentogenic. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the presence of NDV in wild, seemingly healthy bird feces from areas in Lake Van basin, in Turkey.
Enteric Bacteria and Some Pathogenic Properties of Enterococcus Faecalis, Enterococcus Faecium and Escherichia Coli Strains Isolated From Wild Ducks and Gulls
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2012) Gulhan, Timur; Boynukara, Banur; Durmus, Atilla; Kiziroglu, Ilhami; Sancak, Yakup Can
This study was performed to isolate enteric bacteria from the feces of wild duck and gull species in the Van Lake Basin, and to determine different virulence and pathogenic factors of the Enterococcus species and Escherichia coli. In this research, carried out for the first time on wild ducks in Turkey, a total of 357 feces samples were examined from the following animals: 126 Shoveler (Anas clypeata), 92 Common Pochard (Aythya ferina), 80 Black Headed Gull (Larus ridibundus), and 59 Yellow-Legged Gull (Larus michahellis). Forty-eight (13.5%) bacteria were isolated and identified in the feces samples in the following distribution: 23 (6.4%) Enterococcus faecium, nine(2.5%) Escherichia coli, 7 (2%) Enterococcus faecalis, 6 (1.7%) Citrobacter braakii, 1 (0.3%) Enterobacter cloacae, 1 (0.3%) Streptococcus pyogenes and 1 (0.3%) Corynebacterium diphtheria. When the virulence factors of Enterococcus isolates were evaluated: 18 of 23 (78.3%) E. faecium strains were positive for gelatinase; four (17.4%) for cytolysin; two (8.7%) for aggregation substance (AS); four of seven (57.1%) E. faecalis isolates were positive for gelatinase; four (57.1%) for cytolysin; and one (14.3%) for AS. Three of the E. faecium strains were found to be positive in both gelatinase and cytolysin, one in gelatinase and AS, one of the E. faecalis isolates was positive in gelatinase, AS and cytolysin, and one was positive in gelatinase and cytolysin. Nine E. coli strains were examined for pathogenic properties such as the O157:H7 serotype, verotoxin 1 (VT1), verotoxin 2 (VT2), stabile toxin (ST) and labile toxin (LT). Two E. coli strains (22.2%) were positive for the 0157 serotype. Positive strains belonged to the Anas clypeata and Aythya ferina duck species. All E. coli isolates were found to be negative for H7 serotype, VT1, VT2, ST and LT.
Nature Reserves and Biodiversity in Turkey and Related Policy Measures Along With Joining the Eu
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2006) Kiziroglu, Ilhami; Adizel, Oezdemir; Bahadir, Muefit
The biological status and the different ecosystems enable a superior biodiversity in Turkey. It is estimated that the number of the animal species amounts to 70-80,000 incl. the invertebrates. The number of seeded plants is more than 10,000, of which over 3,000 are endemic. This abundance of organisms is a result of the continental situation of Turkey. The biodiversity in Turkey can only be sustained if the habitats of the organisms are protected. In order to meet these requirements, 3.7 million hectares land with 4,056 nature reserves have been protected during the last 50 years. This area corresponds to 4.8% of the entire country. But the protected area has to be increased to 7% to meet the figure of the other European Countries. For doing so, environmental education of Turkish population is required. In this paper, examples are given for species and their habitats, the protected areas, and measures taken to sustain the biodiversity and the nature reserves, and to meet the requirements along with the Turkish membership in the European Union.