Browsing by Author "Myrta, A."

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Detection of Apricot Latent Virus and Plum Bark Necrosis Stem Pitting-Associated Virus by Rt-Pcr in Eastern Anatolia (Turkey)
(2007) Ustai, M.; Sipahioglu, H.M.; Ocak, M.; Myrta, A.
Field surveys were carried out to determine presence and incidence of Apricot latent virus (ApLV) and Plum bark necrosis stempilting-associated virus (PBNSPaV) in the main stone fruit growing areas of Eastern Anatolia. RT-PCR and nested-RT-PCR techniques were used to detect ApLV and PBNSPaV, respectively. Three apricot samples out of 224 tested positive for ApLV, although infected trees showed no apparent disease symptoms. Of 45 sweet cherry and plum trees tested for PBNSPaV, 35 tested positive. Stem pitting symptoms were observed on the trunks of PBNSPaV-infected sweet cherries. Trunk bark was spongy and thick; pits and grooves were observed on the woody cylinder. The overall incidence of ApLV was 1.3% and of PBNSPaV was 77%. This is the first report of ApLV and PBNSPaV in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. © 2007 OEPP/EPPO.
Occurrence and Distribution of Stone Fruit Viruses and Viroids in Commercial Plantings of Prunus Species in Western Anatolia, Turkey
(Springer, 2007) Gumus, M.; Paylan, I. C.; Matic, S.; Myrta, A.; Sipahioglu, H. M.; Erkan, S.
Symptoms of virus and viroid infections have been observed during the last ten years in stone fruit crops, however, no relative incidences of virus and viroid diseases have been reported on stone fruit crops in western Anatolia, Turkey. Large-scale surveys were conducted from June to August between the years 2004 and 2006 in the main stone fruit growing orchards and mother blocks of western Anatolia to determine the seven most important virus and two important viroid affecting Prunus species. The results of serological (ELISA) and molecular (PCR and tissue-printing molecular hybridization) tests demonstrated the occurrence of Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV), Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) in tested 1732 specimens of stone fruits. The overall infection level with these graft-transmissible agents was 30%. The results showed that PDV is predominant in stone fruit crops. To our knowledge, PBNSPaV was reported for the first time in western Anatolia. The results obtained in this study illustrate a need for certification or clean stock program to prevent the occurrence and the spread of graft transmissible agents in western Anatolia.
Sanitary Status of Stone-Fruit Trees in East Anatolia (Turkey) With Particular Reference To Apricot
(1999) Sipahioglu, H.M.; Myrta, A.; Abou-Ghanem, N.; Di Terlizzi, B.; Savino, V.
Field surveys were carried out in the main stone-fruit-growing areas of East Anatolia (Turkey) to assess the sanitary status of varietal collections, mother blocks and commercial orchards. The presence of virus and virus-like diseases was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sap transmission to herbaceous hosts, graft transmission to peach cv. GF305 and molecular hybridization tests. A total of 1019 samples was tested by ELISA (859 apricot, 120 cherry, 21 almond and 19 peach). The sanitary status of apricot was extremely satisfactory, as the infection level was less than 0.3%. Cherry and almond, however, showed 21% and 33% infection respectively. The viruses identified were apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus (ACLSV), prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV) and prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV). The commonest virus was PDV. Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV) and the nepoviruses tomato black ring (TBRV), raspberry ringspot (RpRSV), strawberry latent ringspot (SLRV), cherry leaf roll (CLRV), arabis mosaic (ArMV) and tomato ringspot (ToRSV) were not encountered. Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) were not detected either. © 1999 Wiley. All rights reserved.
Viroid, Phytoplasma, and Fungal Diseases of Stone Fruit in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Sipahioglu, H. M.; Demir, S.; Myrta, A.; Al Rwahnih, M.; Polat, B.; Schena, L.; Minafra, A.
Stone fruit trees were surveyed from June to October (2003 and 2004) to determine the incidence of viroid, phytoplasma, and fungal diseases in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Molecular hybridisation test (tissue printing and dot-blot) was used to investigate the presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). A total of 16 trees out of 491 were positive for viroids. PLMVd was found in 15 peaches (Prunus persica) (3%) and a unique HSVd isolate was found only in an apricot (Prunus armeniaca) tree (0.1%). The average incidence of viroid infection was 3.2%. HSVd was detected for the first time in eastern Anatolia, whereas no PLMVd infection was encountered in the main apricot growing provinces (Malatya, Elazig). PCR analyses of the few symptomatic apricots for the presence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" were negative. Isolates of Armillaria mellea, Cytospora spp., Monilinia laxa, Stigmina carpophila, Chondrostereum purpureum, Fusarium spp., Rosellinia spp., and Phytophthora spp. were identified from symptomatic samples collected from the region.