Browsing by Author "Oguz, Fatma Ertas"

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Cryptosporidiosis in Cattle and Buffaloes in Turkey-Molecular Analysis and Public Health Significance
(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2025) Oguz, Fatma Ertas; Kilinc, Ozlem Orunc; Ayan, Adnan; Yuksek, Nazmi; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Celik, Ozguryasar
Background: Calf diarrhea caused by infectious agents is one of the most significant and frequently encountered health problems in cattle breeding worldwide. Among these infectious agents, Cryptosporidium stands out as an important protozoan parasite, particularly affecting neonatal calves and young animals with immature or weakened immune systems. These early-life infections can lead to severe dehydration, weight loss, and even death if not properly managed. Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic coccidian parasite known to play a substantial role in both human and animal health, especially in regions where hygiene and sanitation practices are inadequate. Its oocysts are highly resistant to environmental factors and common disinfectants, making control and prevention difficult. Importantly, due to its zoonotic nature, it poses a considerable threat to public health. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in buffaloes and cattle raised in the Van region using various diagnostic methods, and to evaluate its potential public health significance. Materials, Methods & Results: The fecal materials of the study were collected from 100 buffaloes and 200 cattle from different farms in Van province. The samples brought to the laboratory were stained with the Kinyoun Acid Fast method and DNA extraction was performed from each sample. Smear preparations were prepared from fresh fecal samples. The smear preparations were fixed in pure methanol for 1 min and allowed to dry, then stained in Kinyoun Carbol-Fuxin for 5 min, and then the slides were immersed in 50% ethyl alcohol, shaken, and immediately washed in tap water. The slides were placed in a decolorizing solution containing 1% sulfuric acid for 2 min and washed in tap water, then kept in a flask containing methylene blue for 1 min and washed again in tap water and left to dry. After drying, immersion oil was dripped and examined under a microscope at a magnification of 100x. DNA extraction was performed in all samples using a GeneMATRIX Stool DNA Purification Kit. Nested PCR analysis; Primers were used to amplify the SSU rRNA gene region of the obtained DNAs. In the PCR stage, 5'-TTCTAGAGCTAATA CATGCG-3' and 5'-CCCATTTCCTTCGAAACAGGA-3' primers were used to amplify the 1325 bp gene region. In the nested PCR stage, primers 5'- GGAAGGGTTG TATTTATT-TATTAGATAAAG-3' and 5'-AAGGAGTA AGGAACAACCTCCA-3' were used to amplify the 826-864 bp gene region DNA extraction. The PCR products obtained were stained with RedSafeTM Nucleic Acid Staining Solution and images were obtained on 1.5% agarose gel. Positive PCR products were subjected to bidirectional sequencing at a commercial company (BM Labosis, Ankara, Turkey). As a result of microscopic and PCR analyses, 5.50% and 9.50% positivity were detected in cattle, 3% and 6% positivity in buffaloes, respectively. The infection prevalence was highest in cattle and buffaloes in the 0-6 month age group, 17.31% and 15.38%, respectively. In addition, zoonotic C. parvum was isolated from cattle calves. Discussion: In conclusion buffaloes and cattle, with their large fecal volumes, can easily contaminate the environment and serve as significant reservoirs for this pathogen, which is transmitted through water and food. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the Cryptosporidium species present in these animals. For this, epidemiological studies should be conducted and expanded with molecular methods.
The Investigation of Giardiasis (Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases) in Buffaloes in Van Region, Turkiye: First Molecular Report of Giardia Duodenalis Assemblage B From Buffaloes
(Mdpi, 2023) Kilinc, Ozlem Orunc; Ayan, Adnan; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Yuksek, Nazmi; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Oguz, Fatma Ertas
Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis) is an important zoonotic protozoan agent that causes foodborne and waterborne diarrhea in humans and other mammals. Molecular-based tests are critical in diagnosing giardiasis in humans and animals, identifying species, understanding the zoonotic potential and transmission routes, and evaluating taxonomy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the molecular characterization of G. duodenalis in buffaloes in the Van region in Turkiye. Buffaloes are a species that has been poorly studied in this regard. For this purpose, 100 fecal samples were collected from buffaloes in the Van region. The DNA extraction was performed using the GeneMATRIX STOOL DNA Purification Kit from stool samples. The nested PCR test was performed with the appropriate primers from the obtained DNA samples. The obtained bands suitable for sequencing were sent for sequence analysis, and the sequence results were aligned bidirectionally and compared with the database of GenBank by BLAST. As a result of the study, an 11% positivity rate for G. duodenalis was found in buffaloes, and assemblage E and assemblage B were isolated. To our knowledge, assemblage B in buffaloes was reported for the first time in this study. As a result, it was concluded that buffaloes are an important reservoir for waterborne and foodborne giardiasis.
Investigation of Interleukins and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Cows Naturally Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
(Univ Agriculture, Fac veterinary Science, 2024) Oguz, Fatma Ertas; Babaoglu, Ali Riza; Turkan, Fikret; Oguz, Ercan; Demirel, Ahmet Fatih; Pacal, Nurettin
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) can evade the immune system by modulating cytokines production, therefore enabling the virus to establish persistent infections or exacerbate the severity of disease in infected cattle. The objective of this research was to investigate interleukins and oxidative stress parameters in cows naturally infected with BVDV. The study comprised of two groups: a naturally infected group of 15 cattle with clinical signs of BVDV infection or a history of abortion and confirmed positive for pestivirus by RT-PCR, and a control group of 15 cattle with no abortion anamnesis or clinical symptoms, confirmed negative by RT-PCR. Anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-20, IL-10) and pro-inflammatory ones (IL-1, IL-1(3, IL-6) values were measured in all samples using ELISA method. Additionally, the oxidative stress marker malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in all samples using the HPLC method. MDA levels were significantly higher in the infected samples compared with the controls. While cytokine levels were elevated in the infected group, however, the differences were not statistically significant. This study found a positive relationship among anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as a negative relationship among IL-1(3 and IL-1. It was concluded that oxidative stress occurs in BVDV-infected cattle, and the interleukins measured appear to remain in equilibrium by inhibiting each other. Notably, IL-20 was measured for the first time in BVDVinfected cattle, making it an important finding. Altogether, it may be concluded on the basis of these results that cytokines are important in the evaluation of the disease process.
Seroprevalence of Bovine Leukemia Virus in Cattle and Buffaloes in the Border Provinces of the Eastern Anatolia Region, Türkiye: Insights Into the Eradication of Infection
(Urmia Univ, 2024) Babaoglu, Ali Riza; Oguz, Fatma Ertas; Yilmaz, Volkan; Coskun, Nuvit; Abounaaja, Fatima
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leukosis, an oncogenic deltaretrovirus that has emerged as a potential zoonotic infection. The BLV naturally infects cattle and causes economic losses through a slow persistent infection with various clinical symtoms following preleukosis. The main objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of BLV antibodies in cattle and buffaloes in the border provinces of the Eastern Anatolia region, T & uuml;rkiye, using the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For this purpose, a total of 1,033 serum samples were collected from 982 cattle and 51 buffaloes from the provinces of A & gbreve;r & imath; (n = 178), I & gbreve;d & imath;r (n = 252), Kars (n = 317), Van (n = 221), and Hakkari (n = 65) during 2021- 2022. In AGID and ELISA tests, seropositivity for BLV-specific antibodies was not detected in cattle and buffaloes from the mentioned provinces. This study revealed that BLV was not circulating in cattle and buffaloes in the easternmost border provinces of T & uuml;rkiye during the sampling period and contributed to determine the status of BLV in the mentioned region. Due to the presence of virus in other regions of T & uuml;rkiye and neighboring countries, Iran and Iraq, it is recommended to control animal movements, continue efforts to combat the transmission of the virus, and maintain control measures. (c) 2024 Urmia University. All rights reserved.