Browsing by Author "Onalan, Sukru"

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Comparison of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta Ssp) Dual Culture in Different Ratios and Growth Performances
(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2017) Karatas, Boran; Arabaci, Muhammed; Onalan, Sukru
The objective of the present study is to analyze the growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (G) and brown trout (Salmo trutta ssp) (K) monoculture and polyculture in 75-25%, 66-34% and 50-50% stocking rates and its effects on food utilization and to determine the results with respect to aquaculture. Stocking was conducted in 5 different ratios in the study and each different stocking ratio was considered as a group and 24 fish were used in each group. Study groups were named based on stocking ratio percentages as G, K, G75K25, G66K34 and G50K50 and the study lasted 80 days. When the growth parameters in polycultures of rainbow trout and brown trout are considered, it was determined that the growth rates were not statistically different between rainbow trout monoculture and rainbow trout G75K25 and G50K50 groups, however rainbow trout in G66K34 experienced statistically significantly less growth when compared to others (p<0.05). Growth parameters of brown trout in polycultures demonstrated that the best growth was observed in G66K34 polyculture group (p<0.05). Study results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups based on food conversion coefficients and survival rates (p>0.05). As a result, it was determined that brown trout monoculture was the most advantegous group followed by G50K50 polyculture group, and when ecological and environmental parameters are concerned, G75K25 group, which consumed statistically significantly less food and demonstrated a lower food conversion ratio, would be more beneficial, and for fish breeders, who would like to increase the growth rate of the trout, G66K34 polyculture group would be more useful when compared to brown trout monoculture.
Determination of Acute Toxic Effects of Poly (Vinylferrocenium) Supported Palladium Nanoparticle (pd/Pvf+< on Artemia Salina
(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2016) Daglioglu, Yesim; Celebi, Mutlu Sonmez; Onalan, Sukru
Platinum-group elements are released to environment by only anthropogenic activities. It is commonly used in many fields such as technology, medical field and especially catalytic converters. The toxicological effects of Poly(vinylferrocenium) (PVF+), PVF+-supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/PVF+), and K2PdCl4 have been determined on a brine shrimp Artemia salina larvae (nauplii). Lethal concentration values of K2PdCl4, PVF+ and Pd/PVF+ were 1987.567 mg/L, 242.67 mg/L and 5467.546 mg/L, respectively. We found that toxic effects of K2PdCl4, PVF+ and Pd/PVF+ nanoparticles increased with exposure duration. In other words, the toxic effects of these strongly time-dependent toxic effect. Toxicity ranking for 48-h exposure time; PVF+, K2PdCl4 and Pd/PVF+, 96-h PVF+, Pd/PVF+ and K2PdCl4, respectively. According to ANOVA significant differences were found at the level of P<0.05 or P<0.01 between mortality rates due to time grous and concentrations for these three groups at the end of the exposure duration.
Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Variations Using Tet and Str Genes in Freshwater Fish Species
(C M B Assoc, 2023) Dogan, Sibel; Onalan, Sukru
With the rapid development of aquaculture, antibiotics are widely used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes to reduce economic losses caused by disease outbreaks. Considering that most antibiotics applied to humans and animals are partially metabolized and not eliminated, it is evident that these antibiotic residues can have negative effects on natural aquatic organisms after reaching the receiving environment, such as rivers and reservoirs. Therefore, it is believed that this indiscriminate use of antibiotics is now beginning to affect aquatic organisms in natural environments, outside of closed environments. In this study, tissue samples were taken from seven fish species in the Firat River. Specific primer sets were designed for Tet and Str genes, which are known to play a role in antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The changes in gene expression levels were then examined. The results showed that the expression levels of Tet and Str genes associated with antibiotic resistance were more than two-fold higher in Cyprinus carpio and Chondrostoma regium species compared to a control group that did not use antibiotics. A moderate expression level was observed in Capoeta trutta, Acanthobrama marmid, Capoeta umbla, and Barbus grypus species. In addition, in Luciobarbus mystaceus species, the Tet gene was expressed at a meaningless level, while the Str gene was downregulated. Therefore, it is believed that this species may not have encountered or has previously encountered antibiotics at low levels, leading to the control levels of the resistance mechanism.
Determination of Bacterial Disease Map for Rainbow Trout Farms in Van Province
(Amer inst Physics, 2016) Arabaci, Muhammed; Onalan, Sukru
Lactococcosis, yersiniosis, listenollosis and cold water disease agents are frequently observed in Turkey as bacterial fish pathogens. Bacterial fish pathogens have high mortality prognosis, causing significant economic losses for the businesses. Use of molecular methods in substantiation of disease factors became prevalent in recent years. These methods have a significant role in fast diagnosis and early treatment of fish diseases. In the present study, 8 rainbow trout samples were obtained from each of 19 rainbow trout farms located in Van province, Turkey and registered with Food, Agriculture and Livestock Ministry. Total genomic DNAs were isolated from kidney tissues of sampled rainbow trout. Obtained DNAs were analyzed with real-time PCR there is/not (+/-) analysis using disease specific primer pairs for each disease. Molecular diagnosis of lactococcosis pathogen in 4 farms out of 19 rainbow trout farms active in Van province, and yersiniosis pathogen in 1 farm were made as a result real-time PCR analysis. Listenollosis and cold water pathogens were not molecularly observed. Results of the present study demonstrated that the region was safe for bacterial fish pathogens of cold water disease and listenollosis, which are observed frequently in Turkey, and there were deficiencies in preventive measures against lactococcosis and yersiniosis and fish transfer was a significant reason for the prevalence these diseases.
Determination of the Antibacterial Effect of Bee Venom Against Rainbow Trout Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Expression
(Sciendo, 2023) Kabakci, Dilek; Urku, Cigdem; Onalan, Sukru
Bee venom (BV) is a rich source of secondary metabolites from honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and volatile metabolites. This study investigated the antibacterial effects of the bee venom obtained from honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) against bacterial fish pathogens, such as Lactococcus garvieae (Lg1, Lg2, Lg3), Vibrio anguillarum (Va1, Va2, Va3), Yersinia ruckeri (Yr1, Yr2, Yr3), and Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah1, Ah2, Ah3) and the expression levels on the antibiotic resistance genes hly and fbp (hemolysin and fibronectin-binding prot) of them. It was determined that bee venom had an antibacterial effect against L. garvieae, L. anguillarum, and Y. ruckeri strains, while it had no effect only against Ah3 and Ah2 bacterial strains. As staded by the gene expression of hly (hemolysin) and fbp (fibronectin-binding protein), among the antibiotic resistance genes the effect levels of bee venom on bacterial species varied, although it affected antibiotic resistance and gene expression level in all bacteria. It was revealed that the expression level was the highest for V. anguillarum strains, whereas it was below the control group for L. garvieae. i.e the effect of bee venom on the resistance mechanism for L. garvieae was much less compared to V. anguillarum. Based on the results in the current study it could be concluded that applying bee venom to pathogenic bacteria that cause mortality in the aquaculture sector could induce the defense-related gene and change the broad-spectrum biocontrol activity at the molecular level.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Rosemary Oil on Methanogenic Bacteria Density, Blood and Rumen Parameters and Meat Quality of Fattening Lambs
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Guney, Mehtap; Karaca, Serhat; Erdogan, Sibel; Kor, Askin; Kale, Cagri; Onalan, Sukru; Bingol, Nuriye Tugba
This study aimed to determine the effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oil (REO) in lamb fattening diets on blood, rumen parameters, fattening performance and meat quality. Thirty Norduz male lambs weaned at 4 months of age with average body weight 22.0 +/- 4.41 kg were used. Lambs were divided into three groups: no rosemary oil (control, R0), with 250 mg/kg DM (R250) and with 500 mg/kg DM (R500) rosemary oil added to the basal ration, and fed for 70 d. The daily feed intake of the R500 lambs (1.63 kg) was lower than other groups (1.70 kg) (p = .01). Rosemary oil did not change the density of methane-producing bacteria in the rumen fluid. Rumen pH was 6.31 in R250 lambs, while it was 6.16 in control (p < .04). The proportion of propionic acid (PA) increased in R250 (26.5 molar%) and R500 (26.0 molar%) lambs compared to control lambs (22.7 molar%) (p < .001). Serum glucose levels increased with REO dose (p < .01) and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in R250 lambs (p < .001). The dose rates of REO used in fattening lambs had limited effect on fattening performance, carcase and meat quality. The results showed that although it does not affect the final live weight, the negative effect of REO on feed intake at 500 mg/kg was considered as a limiting factor and 250 mg/kg dose of REO may have positive effects on ruminal fermentation. Hence, it may be beneficial to try doses lower than 500 mg in further studies.
Effects of Different Led Light Spectra on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss): in Vivo Evaluation of the Antioxidant Status
(Springer, 2020) Guller, Ugur; Onalan, Sukru; Arabaci, Muhammed; Karatas, Boran; Yasar, Muhterem; Kufrevioglu, Omer Irfan
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farming is one of the major aquacultures in Turkey. Some conditions in fish farming can induce oxidative stress leading to the deterioration in properties such as appearance/color, texture, and flavor in fish meat. This situation may cause the consumer not to prefer edible fish. Although there are some studies on the impacts of light intensity on fish welfare, the changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities have not been elucidated. In the current study, it was intended to examine in rainbow trout how cultivating under different wavelengths affects the antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, because its activity is associated with oxidative stress, and also the determination of which light is suitable for fish welfare was aimed. Rainbow trout larvae were grown under four lights with different wavelengths: natural sunlight and incandescent long-wave (red light), medium-wave (green light), and short-wave (blue light) LED light. The experiment lasted for 64 days. Biochemical assays were carried on in the brain, gill, and liver of rainbow trout. Antioxidant enzymes and AChE activity, which play an important role in the central nervous system, were assayed. In gill tissues, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and AChE activities increased under all three light wavelengths. In the liver, while activities of antioxidant enzymes and AChE decreased in red light, all of them increased in blue and green light. In the brain, GPx, GST, G6PD, and SOD activities were reduced but AChE activity did not alter under all three light sources. In conclusion, light sources with different spectral structures caused important changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rainbow trout. On this basis, it may be thought that this may be a response to the changing redox status of a cell. Based on our results, blue light sources may be suggested for fish welfare in rainbow trout culture, and providing fish welfare by changing light sources can be easy and cheap in fish farming.
Effects of Juniperus Root Extract on Wound Healing, Gene Expression, and Biochemical Response in Yellowtail Acei Pseudotropheus Sp. Fish
(Springer, 2024) Onalan, Sukru; Kankaya, Ertugrul
Injuries are an undesirable situation in fish kept in aquariums. The use of antibiotics in wound healing is not preferred due to the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and for economic reasons. This study was conducted to demonstrate the efficacy of Juniperus root extract in healing experimentally induced incised wounds in yellowtail acei. Wound closure time, morphology, malondialdehyde content, glutathione s-transferase activity, changes in gene expression levels, non-dispersibility of the extract in aqueous environment, and retention on the wound were analyzed. In the antibiotic group, the scarring of the wound was observed on the sixth day. On the other hand, in the root extract group, wound healing was completed on the second day. In addition, a significant decrease in malondialdehyde and glutathione s-transferase levels was observed in the extract group compared to the control group. It was found that SWS2a, RH2B, and LWS gene expression levels started to decrease during wound healing at the end of the second day in the extract-treated group. In the antibiotic group, the same effect was observed on the seventh day. Important properties of the extract used, such as not dispersing in the water environment and remaining on the wound, were also determined. It would be useful to continue the experiments with Juniperus root extract, which has been shown to be effective in wound healing, with microscopic studies on aquaculture and diseases.
The Effects of Light Sources With Different Spectral Structures on Ocular Axial Length in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Timucin, Ozgur Bulent; Arabaci, Muhammed; Cuce, Ferhat; Karatas, Boran; Onalan, Sukru; Yasar, Muhterem; Karadag, M. Fatih
Every day, we are acquiring more and more clues regarding the effects of different spectral structures (SS) of light on ocular axial length (OAL). As a step towards understanding this association, this study sought to characterise the effects of light sources of different SS on OAL in fish through comparisons with indoor daylight. The experimental design was completely randomised with 4 treatments and 2 replications. Three hundred and fifty two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were housed in 8 tanks and fed for 71 days. Differences in the mean values of ocular elongation were determined at the end of the experiment. The daylight group was exposed to indoor daylight in the hatchery environment, the red group was exposed to long wavelength light (600-650 nm), the green group was exposed to mid wavelength light (495-570 nm) and the blue group was exposed to short wavelength light (420-495 nm). The values of the OALs in fish grown under the same light intensity, but with light of different spectral characteristics, demonstrated significant differences (p < 0.05). The mean OAL in the daylight group was determined as 3.64 +/- 0.40 mm, as 3.70 +/- 0.35 mm in the red group, as 3.53 +/- 0.34 mm in the green group and as 3.42 +/- 0.29 mm in the blue group. The mean OAL in the blue group was significantly shorter compared to the red (p = 0.003) and the daylight groups (p = 0.02). When compared with the long wavelength light and indoor daylight, the effect of short wavelength light on OAL in fish was observed to be negative. Exposure to light with modified SS of in indoor environments may be effective in stopping ocular elongation. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Light Sources With Different Spectral Structures on Ocular Axial Length in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Timucin, Ozgur Bulent; Arabaci, Muhammed; Cuce, Ferhat; Karatas, Boran; Onalan, Sukru; Yasar, Muhterem; Karadag, M. Fatih
Effects of Prolonged Fasting on Levels of Metabolites, Oxidative Stress, Immune-Related Gene Expression, Histopathology, and Dna Damage in the Liver and Muscle Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Springer, 2021) Karatas, Tayfun; Onalan, Sukru; Yildirim, Serkan
This study was conducted to assess the impacts of prolonged fasting (70 and 120 days) on the morphological, biochemical, oxidative stress responses, immune-related gene expression, histopathology, and DNA damage in rainbow trout. Final weight (FW), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and condition factor (CF) significantly decreased in both 70 and 120 days of fasting compared to the pre-fasting group (p < 0.05). Fasting led to a significant reduction in serum blood metabolites (glucose, total protein, triglyceride, T. cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)) and endogenous reserves (protein and lipid). However, plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), interleukin (IL1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF1 alpha), and transferrin (TF) increased significantly (p < 0.05). While malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to the pre-fasting group increased in the liver and muscle tissues (70 and 120 days), glutathione (GSH) enzyme activities decreased significantly in both tissues (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, both fasting groups (70 and 120 days) when compared to the pre-fasting group led to steatosis, necrosis and degeneration in hepatocytes, inflammation and hyperemia in the liver tissue and hyaline degeneration, atrophy, and inflammation in muscle tissue. Additionally, 8-OHdG levels of the liver and muscle tissues at 120 days' fasting were more severe according to 70 days' fasting. Finally, blood, the liver, and muscle tissues may be helpful to assess the impacts of fasting and fasting stress in rainbow trout.
Evaluation of the Effects of Andiz Extract on the Experimentally Wound in Rats by Microbiological and Gene Expression Methods
(Springer, 2025) Kavut, Busra Sumeyye; Talmac, Ahmet Cemil; Onalan, Sukru
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effects of andiz extract on wound healing and compare it with saline and chlorhexidine gluconate. Microbial DNA load was used to evaluate its antibacterial effects, and gene expression methods were used to assess its contribution to cytokine release and wound healing.Methods and ResultsA standardized wound site was created with a 3 mm diameter punch on 32 male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into four groups: Control (n = 5), Saline (n = 9), Chlorhexidine gluconate (n = 9), and Andiz extract (n = 9). Five rats in the control group were euthanised without any treatment. Irrigations of the Saline, Chlorhexidine, and Extract groups were provided regularly. After the tissue samples were taken in the 1st week, 2nd week, and 3rd week, three rats were euthanized each week for each group. The total bacterial DNA load on the samples taken was determined by a nano spectrophotometer. beta-actin was chosen as housekeeping, and target gene primers were created for TGF-beta and IL-1 beta. Expression amounts of target genes were measured by Real-Time PCR with the application of the created primers. There is a significant difference between the Extract group and the other groups regarding total bacterial DNA load. The whole bacterial load was 185% less than the initial values. TGF-beta and IL-1 beta genes evaluated regarding gene expression were measured at the highest value in the Extract group.ConclusionsThis study showed the antibacterial effects of the Extract and its positive contributions to wound healing.
Expression Differences of Stress and Immunity Genes in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum 1792) With Different Bacterial Fish Diseases
(Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-bamidgeh, 2019) Onalan, Sukru
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in the mRNA transcription levels of HSP70 and IGF genes related to stress and immunity in Oncorhynchus mykiss obtained from fish farms, to determine the phenotypic and antimicrobial properties of the bacteria isolated in the study and to compare the results according to different diseases. Accordingly, six fish from each fish farm, a total of 30 fish were sampled. Bacterial identification, inoculations were carried out from the tissue samples taken from the kidney and symptomatic surfaces of fish samples in TSA. Primary cultures were obtained after incubation periods at 21 and 37 degrees C. Gram staining, catalase, and oxidase tests were performed. Forty-six biochemical and 26 antimicrobial tests were performed using BD Phoenix ID Panels. Muscle tissue was used to determine mRNA gene expression differences and the tissues were preserved at -80 degrees C in RNAlater storage solution. Following the RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis, a real-time PCR procedure was performed with b-Actin (ACTB), Insuline-like growth factor (IGF) and HSP70 Gene Primer Array system. Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) agents were isolated in the study. These bacteria were identified with 91-99% similarity ratios. No disease agents in the gene expressions of the fish samples in were isolated and they were therefore used as controls. Compared to the control group, heat shock protein (HSP) mRNA expression was upregulated in fish tissues infected with E. faecium, S. aureus, and L. garvieae whereas no significant increase was determined in fish tissues infected with S. aureus. IGF mRNA gene expression was upregulated in all infected tissues. IGF expression was upregulated at the highest level in fish tissues infected with L. garvieae.
The Expression Levels of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Lactococcus Garvieae Exposed To Different Conditions
(C M B Assoc, 2023) Onalan, Sukru; Barlik, Dilara Hande
Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, haemorrhagic septicaemia of fish. Lactococcosis causes significant economic loss in aquaculture because it affects many commercially important freshwater and marine species. In this study, it was observed that the bacteria used in the study were identified at a rate of 92.5% in biochemical tests. It was also observed that the L. garvieae agent used in the study was resistant to Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Cefoxitin, Penicillin G, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Clindamycin, Fusidic Acid and Rifampin. When the optimum temperature growth of L. garvieae agent was taken at 21oC for the control group, virulence gene expression level was up-regulated at temperatures of 25 and 37 degrees C, which is in the range where the agent can grow best, while it was down-regulated at 15 and 45 degrees C. Similarly, it was observed that the gene expression level was significantly up-regulated in bacteria that grew at the nearest temperature to 25 degrees C in the expression level of antibiotic resistance gene compared to the 21 degrees C control group, and the expression levels of bacteria growing at other temperatures were lower. Considering these results, it is understood that the effect of temperature on virulence is significantly effective because the bacteria used in the study was isolated from rainbow trout.
First Report of Lernaea Cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae) on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) From the Sarı Mehmet Dam Lake in Van-Turkey
(2018) Onalan, Sukru; Ürkü, Çiğdem
ABSTRACTObjective: This report focuses on the diagnosis of rainbow trout mortality in the Sarı Mehmet Dam Lake.Materials and Methods: The ten rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (300 - 350 g) examined were infested with numerous copepod parasites which were attached to body muscles especially in the caudal and abdominal area.Results: According to morphological results, this parasite was identified as L. cyprinacea. Histopathological examination of lesions revealed inflammatory response in the dermis and skeletal muscles and infectious granuloma.Conclusion: This paper is the first to describe cases of lernaeosis on the rainbow trout (O. mykiss) from the Sarı Mehmet DamLake in Van-Turkey.
Investigation for Zoonotic Disease Pathogens (Aeromonas Hydrophila, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Streptococcus Iniae) Seen in Carp Farms in Duhok Region of Northern Iraq by Molecular Methods
(Amer inst Physics, 2017) Mohammed, Kamiran Abdulrahman; Arabaci, Muhammed; Onalan, Sukru
The aim of this study was to determine the zoonotic bacteria in carp farms in Duhok region of the Northern Iraq. Carp is the main fish species cultured in the Duhok region. The most common zoonotic bacteria generally seen in carp farms are Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptococcus iniae. Samples were collected from 20 carp farms in the Duhok Region of the Northern Iraq. Six carp samples were collected from each carp farm. Head kidney tissue samples and intestine tissue samples were collected from each carp sample. Than head kidney and intestine tissue samples were pooled. The total bacterial DNA extraction from the pooled each 20 head kidney tissue samples and pooled each 20 intestinal tissue samples. Primers for pathogens were originally designed from 16S Ribosomal gene region. Zoonotic bacteria were scanned in all tissue samples by absent /present analysis in the RT-PCR. After RT-PCR, Capillary gel electrophoresis bands were used for the confirmation of the size of amplicon which was planned during primer designing stage. As a result, one sample was positive in respect to Aeromonas hydrophila, from intestine and one carp farm was positive in respect to Pseudomonas fluorescens from intestine and two carp farms were positive in respect to Streptococcus iniae. Totally 17 of 20 carp farms were negative in respect to the zoonotic bacteria. In conclusion the zoonotic bacteria were very low (15 %) in carp farms from the Duhok Region in the Northern Iraq. Only in one Carp farms, both Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens were positive. Also Streptococcus inia were positive in two carp farms.
The Investigation of The Presence of Some Bacterial and Viral Agents in Pearl Mullet (Chalcalburnus Tarichii, Pallas 1811) by Real-Time Pcr and The Histopathological Examination
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2018) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Ozturk, Cihat; Onalan, Sukru; Karapinar, Zeynep; Arabaci, Muhammed; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ilhan, Fatma
The aim of this study was to identify some bacterial (Vibrio cholerae, Listonella anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae) and viral (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagical septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic virus) pathogens by comparing the bacteriological culture and molecular methods with histopathological examination of various tissues seen in Pearl mullet from freshwater rivers inflowing to the Van lake. Accordingly, bacterial and viral agents were detected in a total of 180 pearl mullet samples by bacteriological culture and Real-Time PCR methods. The samples were collected from six different freshwater rivers that flows to Van lake by random sampling. In the study, Vibrio cholerae, Listonella anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus could not be isolated. However, Aeromonas spp. was identified by bacteriological culture and Real Time PCR methods at 22.22% and 53.33% respectively. The most dominant species was observed to be Aeromonas hydrophila among all identified Aeromonas spp. In histopathological examinations of Aeromonas spp. positive samples, disorders were detected in gill, liver, spleen and kidney tissues. Telangiectasia, edema, hyperplasia and adhesions were observed on the seconder laminates of gills. In liver, the order of the Remak cords were disarranged, and degenerative changes formed in hepatocytes. Melano-macrophages loaded with hemosiderin were intensively detected in all Aeromonas positive samples. As a result, the risk of motile Aeromonas infections in the pearl mullet living in freshwaters flowing into the Van lake is still highly and this could lead to serious adverse effects on human health. To prevent these effects, attention must be paid to hygiene conditions and cold chain in fish served for consumption, the and rivers must be protected from pollution.
Investigation of Zoonotic Disease Pathogens (Aeromonas Hydrophila, Pseudomonas Fluorescens, Streptococcus Iniae) Seen in Carp Farms in the Northern Iraq-Erbil Region by Molecular Methods
(Amer inst Physics, 2017) Ibraheem, Azad Saber; Onalan, Sukru; Arabaci, Muhammed
The aim of this study was to determine the zoonotic bacteria in carp farms in the Northern Iraq-Erbil region. Carp is the main fish species cultured in Erbil region. The most common zoonotic bacteria generally seen in carp farms are Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Streptococcus iniae. Samples were collected from 25 carp farms in the Northern Iraq-Erbil region. Six carp samples were collected from each carp farm. Head kidney and intestine tissue samples were collected from each carp sample. Then head kidney and intestine tissue samples were pooled separately from each carp farm. Total bacterial DNA had been extracted from the 25 pooled head kidney and 25 intestinal tissue samples. The pathogen Primers were originally designed from 16S RNA gene region. Zoonotic bacteria were scanned in all tissue samples with absent/present analysis by RT-PCR. Furthermore, the capillary gel electrophoresis bands were used for confirmation of amplicon size which was planned during primer designing stage. As a result, thirteen carp farms were positive in the respect to Aeromonas hydrophila, eight carp farms were positive from head kidney and six carp farms were positive from the intestine, only one carp farm was positive from both head kidney and the intestine tissue samples. In the respect to Streptococcus iniae, four carp farms were positive from head kidney and two carp farms were positive from the intestine. Only one carp farm was positive in the respect to Pseudomonas fluorescens from the intestine. Totally, 9 of 25 carp farms were cleared (negative) the zoonotic bacteria. In conclusion, the zoonotic bacteria were high (64 %) in carp farms in the Northern Iraq-Erbil region.
Metagenomic Comparison of the Microbial Load Colonizing Lucerne Hay and Gum Astralagus (Astragalus Glycyphyllos) in Ruminants
(Csiro Publishing, 2025) Guney, Mehtap; Onalan, Sukru
Context. Rumen microbiota plays an important role in the evaluation of roughages. Gum astragalus hay is a non-traditional roughage in ruminant feeding, and it is curious how it affects rumen microbiota in comparison with lucerne hay (LH). Aim. This study compares the in vitro true digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of lucerne hay (LH) and gum astralagus hay (Astragalus glycyphyllos, AG), as well as the metagenomic profile of the bacterial community in sheepruminal fluid following 48 h in vitro incubation with either forage type. Methods. The study was carried out in vitro in a Daisy incubator. A total of 100 samples, including 48 samples from each of the experimental roughages and two blind samples, were weighed into F57 bags for in vitro incubation with ruminal fluid, obtained from the rumen of two sheep fed on roughage and brought to the slaughterhouse from a private enterprise. Key results. Crude protein (CP) content of AG was higher (P < 0.0014) and ADF content (P < 0.001) was lower than LH. After 48 h incubation of roughage samples, AG was superior to LH in terms of in vitro true digestibility parameters (true digestion of roughages, true dry matter digestion, and true organic matter digestion; P < 0.001). Taxonomy results of bacteria colonizing both roughages were obtained at genus and species level, according to the Shannon and Simpsons index. The bacterial community of the genus Provetalla was dominant in both forages, whereas Pseudomonas genus bacteria were observed in AG, but not in LH. According to the total Operational Taxonomc Units (OTU) in the samples, it was observed that LH and AG had similarity, as well as diversity in terms of species. Due to the current shortage of roughage, it is very important to consider AG as an alternative source of roughage in animal nutrition. Conclusions. The differences in nutrient composition between the two roughage types also indicate differences in the composition and density of bacterial microbiota. These results were very important for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of roughages in the desired direction. Implication. The nutrient composition and in vitro digestion parameter results of AG were comparable to LH, and there were similarities, as well as differences, in the colonized bacterial community in both roughages.
Phenotypic Differences Between Lactococcus Garvieae Isolates Obtained From Rainbow Trout Farms in Turkey
(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2020) Onalan, Sukru; Arabaci, Muhammed; Cagirgan, Hasmet
Lactococcus garvieae is one of the main pathogenic agents in rainbow trout farms in Turkey. Twenty-two L. garvieae isolates obtained from different regions in Turkey were evaluated phenotypically in the study. In all isolates, cream colored, bright, round and S-type colonies with smooth margins were seen in TSA medium. They were alive during native examination without movement. It was observed that morphologically all isolates were Gram (+), alpha-hemolytic (BA), oxidase and catalase negative and were reproduced under 21, 37 and 45 degrees C temperatures with 0-6.5 % NaCl salinity. As a result of the examination of biochemical properties with API Rapid ID 32 Strep test, it was observed that 2 L. garvieae isolates were different from other isolates in respect of sucrose utilization. 1 and 19 number isolates were negative for sucrose whereas other isolates gave positive results. 1 number isolate was different from other isolates based on maltose profile. While isolate 22 was maltose negative, the other isolates gave positive results. According to phenotypic differences, all isolates used in the study were classified as three different groups.