Browsing by Author "Ozkan, Fatma"

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Determining the Quality of Sugar Beet Pulp, Lenox, and Ryegrass Silages Used in Feeding Dairy Cattle, in Comparison To Corn Silage
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Ozkan, Fatma; Deniz, Suphi
This study was carried out to determine the quality of sugar beet pulp (Beta vulgaris L.), lenox (Brassica rapa L.), and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorium cv. caramba) silages used in feeding dairy cattle, in comparison to corn silage. Whole corn was harvested at the dough stage, lenox was harvested at the end of flowering, and ryegrass was harvested at the beginning of spike. No additives were added to the corn silage, but 5% molasses was added to the sugar beet pulp, ryegrass, and lenox silages that have low levels of easily degradable sugar. Additionally, 5% sainfoin was added to the sugar beet pulp silage to increase its dry matter level to 20%. All silages used in the study were classified as "very good" according to the Fleig scoring system. Four Holstein dairy cattle at a mean age of 3 years old, at the 3rd month of lactation, and with milk yields close to each other were used in the feeding experiment. In this study, the 4 x 4 Latin square trial design was applied, and each period of the experiment consisted of 21 days, 14 days for exercise and 7 days for sample collection. The amount of feed to be consumed by the animals according to the periods was calculated based on the National Research Council (NRC) standards considering their yield levels. In the experiment, milk yield was found to be similar in the silage groups, but milk fat levels were higher in the group consuming corn silage than the other groups. The rumen fluid and blood serum values of the animals were within the reference ranges. As a result, it was determined that these silages were competitive with corn silage in the feeding of dairy cattle as long as 5% molasses would be added to wet the beet pulp, lenox and ryegrass silages, whereas it was concluded that the digestibility and energy content of the ryegrass silage was lower than those of the other silages.
Forage Turnip (Brassica Rapa) Harvested in Different Phases of Vegetative Stage and Ensiled With the Additives of Molasses and Barley and the Effects of Additives on Silage Quality, in Vitro Digestibility, and Energy Content
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Yildiz, Serhat; Deniz, Suphi; Ozkan, Fatma; Kale, Cagri
This study was conducted to determine the silage quality, in vitro digestibility and energy content of forage turnip (Brassica rapa) ensiled with molasses or ground barley. Forage turnip was harvested at three different stages: the beginning, middle and end of the flowering period, and it was ensiled with no additive (control), 5% molasses or 4% ground barley. In the trial, pH, nutrient contents, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) contents, volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents, Fleig scores, in vitro digestibility and energy content were determined. It was observed that the effect of the vegetative stage on the difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05). Accordingly, with the progression of the vegetative stage, the contents of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) showed an increase while a decrease was observed in crude protein (CP). The effects of the additives on the difference between the groups were found to be significant except for the CP parameter (p < 0.05). Molasses and barley addition to the silages increased DM, OM and EE contents and reduced the levels of NDF and ADF. With the progression of the vegetative stage, lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) values decreased while pH values and Fleig scores increased. The effects of additives were found to be insignificant for all parameters except for AA and Fleig scores. As the vegetative stage progressed, the dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), digestible energy (DE), metabolic energy (ME) and net energy for lactation (NEL) values of the silages decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The addition of molasses or barley, compared to the control, resulted in a significant increase in the levels of DMD, OMD, DE, ME, and NEL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in parallel with the progression of the vegetative stage, the DMD, OMD, DE, ME, and NEL values of the silages decreased, increasing with the addition of the additives, and the obtained silages were of high-quality as alternative quality roughage in ruminant feeding.