Browsing by Author "Ozturk, Dilara"

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Application of Response Surface Methodology (Rsm) To Optimize the Adsorption Conditions of Cationic Basic Yellow 2 Onto Pumice Samples as a New Adsorbent
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2017) Ozturk, Dilara; Sahan, Tekin; Bayram, Tuba; Erkus, Ayse
In this study, optimization of medium conditions for CBY2 adsorption by pumice was studied through experimental design. For CBY2 adsorption, initial CBY2 concentration (C-o, mg/L), pH and contact time (min.) were determined as medium conditions. Central Composite Design (CCD) within response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to develop a response surface for optimization of adsorption conditions. The optimum conditions were determined as C-o = 154.28 mg/L, pH = 6.13 and contact time = 47.98 min. Results of experiments determined that at these optimum conditions, optimum adsorbed amount was 12.62 mg/g and adsorption yield was 81.79%. A quadratic model was developed by CCD to represent CBY2 adsorption.
Br13 Dye Removal Using Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Modified Montmorillonite: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, Kinetic and Reusability Studies
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2020) Bayram, Tuba; Bucak, Serap; Ozturk, Dilara
In this study, Montmorillonite(MMT) samples obtained from Erzurum in Turkey were modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and used for the removal of Basic Red13(BR13) dye. According to equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies BR13 adsorption was found endothermic, fitted best the pseudo-second-order model and complied with the Langmuir isotherm. The max. adsorption capacity and max. removal yield were calculated as 1111.11 mg/g from the Langmuir model and observed as % 98.24 for BR13, respectively. The best regeneration eluent was found as ethanol and regenerated MMT-SDS can be reused at least three adsorption/desorption cycles. Binary system studies showed that the MMT-SDS was not selective for BR13 adsorption and over 80 % removal observed for BR13, Methyl Orange and Reactive Orange16. A comparative adsorption study between MMT and MMT-SDS showed that although the BET surface area decreased after the modification(46.87 m(2)/g to 22.47 m(2)/g) the removal efficiency for MMT-SDS was 68 %, while 45 % for MMT. The modification showed that the target of increasing negative surface charge was reached at -105.25 mV compared to the pre-modification which was -49.62 mV. The intercalation of SDS was observed from the XRD, EDX and FTIR results with a typical reflection of SDS, sulfur presence of 2.83 % and the specific peaks of SDS, respectively.
Central Composite Modeling for Electrochemical Degradation of Paint Manufacturing Plant Wastewater: One-step/Two-response Optimization
(Elsevier, 2021) Ozturk, Dilara; Dagdas, Esra; Fil, Baybars Ali; Bashir, Mohammed J. K.
Paint manufacturing wastewaters contain highly toxic and organic biorefractory substances and have adverse effects on human health. In this study, the removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from a paint manufacturing plant (PMW) wastewater by electrochemical degradation using Ti/Pt anodes were investigated with a five-factor central composite model. pH (4-11), temperature (10-40 degrees C), NaCl concentration (10-100 mM), current (5-15 A) and feed rate (10-40 mL/min.) were selected as independent operating parameters. The results obtained were analyzed with analysis of variance and a quadratic model was developed to examine the effects of parameters affecting degradation conditions. Optimum conditions for maximizing color and COD removal while minimizing energy consumption were determined by numerical optimization and found to be pH of 4, temperature of 39.99 degrees C, NaCl concentration of 100 mM, feed rate of 40 mL/min and current of 5.21 A. Under optimum conditions, the estimated color removal was 79.68% and the COD removal was 80.54%. The compatibility of the predicted optimum conditions was confirmed by experimental data. In experiments performed under optimum conditions, the energy consumed by the system was calculated as 8.51 kWh/m(3) and the operating cost to treat 1 m(3) PMW was determined as $1.02. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Fe3o4/Mn3o4 Hybrid Quaternary Nano-Catalyst for Effective Treatment of Tannery Wastewater With the Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process: Process Optimization
(Elsevier, 2022) Ozturk, Dilara
This study investigated chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from tannery wastewater (TWW) with a novel Fe3O4/Mn3O4/ZnO-rGO heterogeneous electro Fenton (HEF) hybrid magnetically-separable nano-catalyst. The graphite cathode and Ti/IrO2/RuO2 anode were used in the HEF process. With aeration (2 L/min), in-situ H2O2 generation occurred. The nano-catalyst was characterized by XRD, XPS, DES, FT-1R, zeta potential, SEM, TEM, and BET techniques in detail. The system was modelled with a central composite design and optimized numerically. The established model was adequate, valid, reliable, and reproducible to predict the COD removal efficiency. center dot OH and center dot O-2(-) were the oxidative species responsible for organic matter degradation. The effect of different processes was investigated, and efficiency was ranked from high to low as; HEF > anodic oxidation-H2O2 > anodic oxidation > adsorption. Under the optimum conditions; pH: 3.5, current density: 7.37 mA/cm(2), reaction time: 79.43 min, and catalyst dose: 0.06 g/L, COD removal efficiency reached a maximum of 97.08%. The energy consumption and cost to remove 1 kg COD were 10.87 kWh and $1.41. The degradation of COD fitted the pseudo-first-order model. The nano-catalyst was stable and reusable with a minimum yield of 78.12% after 5 cycles.
Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Ornithogalum Narbonense L
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2022) Ozturk, Dilara; Ozguven, Ayse; Yonten, Vahap; Ertas, Metin
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using extracts from Ornithogalum narbonense L. (ONL) as a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. A surface plasmon resonance peak was observed at 440 nm after 12 h. The intense reddish-brown coloration was observed higher than 1.5 mM AgNO3 concentrations. Bioactive compounds were found responsible for the reduction, stabilization, and capping of Ag+ to AgNPs. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the face-centered cubic silver crystalline structure. The average spherical-shaped individual particle size was around 8.46 nm, while hydrodynamic size ranged between 7-13 nm and 36-131 nm. The AgNPs have good stability (zeta = -31.15 mV). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis proved the presence of elemental Ag (6.76%). The antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition is as follows: P. aeruginosa > E. coli > S.aureus > B. cereus (10.35 +/- 0.12 mm > 9.40 +/- 0.14 mm > 8.20 +/- 0.10 mm > 7.0 +/- 0.24 mm). The AgNPs did not show antifungal properties against C. albicans.
Investigation of Pb(Ii) Adsorption Onto Pumice Samples: Application of Optimization Method Based on Fractional Factorial Design and Response Surface Methodology
(Springer, 2014) Sahan, Tekin; Ozturk, Dilara
The adsorption of Pb(II) by pumice samples collected from the Mount Ararat region, located in eastern Turkey, was investigated in a batch system. The combined and individual effects of operating parameters on adsorption were analyzed using a multi-step response surface methodology. In the first step the most effective factors, which are initial Pb(II) concentration, pH, and temperature, were determined via fractional factorial design. Then the steepest ascent/descent followed by central composite design were used to interpret the optimum adsorption conditions for the highest Pb(II) removal. The optimum adsorption conditions were determined to be initial Pb(II) concentration of 84.30 mg/L, pH of 5.75, and temperature of 41.11 A degrees C. At optimum conditions, the adsorption capacity of pumice for Pb(II) was found to be 7.46 mg/g according to a removal yield of 88.49 %. The obtained data agreed with a second-order rate expression and fit the Langmuir isotherm very well. The thermodynamic parameters such as Delta HA degrees, Delta SA degrees, and Delta GA degrees for the Pb(II) adsorption were calculated at four different temperatures. The present results indicate that pumice is a suitable adsorbent material for adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.
Katı Atık Depo Alanlarında Bulunan Atıklardan Biyogaz Enerjisi Üretme Potansiyelinin Değerlendirilmesi; Van İli Örneği
(2022) Ozturk, Dilara; Özgüven, Ayşe
Bu çalışmanın amacı kentsel katı atık (KKA) bertaraf yöntemleri ve yenilenebilir enerji üretimi için Van ili KKA depolama alanında bulunan atıklardan enerjiye (WTE) dönüşüm teknolojilerinin durumunu yerinde incelemektir. Ayrıca oluşan depo gazını etkileyen parametreleri ortaya koymak amacıyla katı atık karakterizasyonu da yapılmıştır. Atığın %34.34 ‘ünün organik, %42.41’inin ise sabit madde içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca atığın C/N oranının %31.67 olduğu ve biyogaz üretimi için yeterli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Depo gazı analiz sonuçlarına göre depo gazının yaklaşık %50-60’ı Metan ($CH_4$)’ dan oluşmakta ve elde edilen enerji miktarı Ağustos ve Eylül aylarında yaklaşık 3000 kWh civarında iken Kasım ile başlayıp Haziran ayına kadar devam eden soğuk gecen aylarda ise enerji üretim miktarı 2000-3000 kWh aralığına düşmüştür. Depolama alanında biriken $CH_4$ gazını elektrik enerjisine dönüştürmek için Van Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından kurulan elektrik enerjisi üretim tesisi 2019 yılı başında faaliyete girmiştir ve yaklaşık 5000 hanenin enerji talebini karşılamaktadır. Elektrik üretim tesisinde saatte ortalama 2000 kWh elektrik üretimi yapılmakta ve ortalama 1150 $m^3$$CH_4$ gazı tesise çekilmektedir. Sıfır atık sistemine tam adaptasyon ile tesisin enerji üretim verimliliğine etki edecek parametrelerden biri olan atık kompozisyonunun biyolojik aktiviteyi sınırlayacak atıklardan arınmış ve $CH_4$ eldesini artıracak bir yapıda olacağı kanatindeyiz.
Mezbaha Atıksularının Karakterizasyonu ve Arıtılabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi
(2019) Yılmaz, Alper Erdem; Bayram, Tuba; Boncukcuoğlu, Recep; Ozturk, Dilara; Aladağ, Erdinç
Bu çalışmada Van ilinde bulunan bir mezbahane tesisine ait atıksuyun karakterizasyonu yapılarak bu atıksu için arıtım alternatifleri değerlendirilmiştir. Atıksu karakterizasyonu için nitrat, kükürt trioksit, fosfat, amonyum azotu, klorür, askıda katı madde (AKM), toplam organik karbon (TOK), toplam karbon (TK), inorganik karbon (İK), toplam azot (TN), elektriksel iletkenlik (Eİ), pH, toplam kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (TKOİ), çözünmüş kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (ÇKOİ) ve partiküler kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (PKOİ) parametreleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar; nitrat; 18.5 - 35.9 ppm, kükürt trioksit; 15.3 - 89.3 ppm, fosfat; 72.2 - 190.5 ppm, amonyum azotu; 20 - 38 ppm, klorür; 239.9 - 422.7 ppm, AKM; 475 - 1800 ppm, TOK; 4429 - 10250 ppm, TK; 4535 – 10 494.6 ppm, İK; 105.7 - 244.6 ppm, TN; 800 - 1546 ppm, Eİ; 1.4 - 3.0 ms cm-1, pH; 7.0 - 8.2, TKOİ; 17 626 – 23 268 ppm, ÇKOİ; 13 658 – 18 029 ppm ve PKOİ; 3968 - 5239 ppm olarak bulunmuŞtur. Aynı zamanda mezbahane atıksuları için literatürde önerilen anaerobik, aerobik, ileri oksidasyon, çözünmüş hava flotasyonu, membran filtrasyonu, elektrokimyasal arıtım prosesleri incelenmiştir. Atıksuyun çoklu (farmasötikler, organik madde, toksik madde vb.) kompozisyonu sebebiyle tekli arıtım proseslerinin yeterli arıtımı sağlamadığı gözlenmiş ve kombine proseslerle daha etkili arıtım yapıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
A Numerical Optimization Approach for Removal of Astrazon Pink Fg From Aqueous Media by Fenton Oxidation
(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Ozguven, Ayse; Ozturk, Dilara
In this study, the treatment of aqueous media containing Astrazon Pink FG (AFG) dye, widely used in the textile industry but with limited studies, was investigated using the Fenton process. The system was numerically optimized as Fe2+: 50 mg/L, H2O2: 50 mg/L, pH 3.75, reaction time: 42.54 min, and initial dye concentration: 100 mg/L based on the principle of low-cost high removal efficiency. The quadratic model with central composite design was reliable, valid, and significant (p < 0.0001) for both system responses Theoretical removal efficiencies under these conditions were determined as 80.5% and 94.11% for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and AFG removal, respectively, and were confirmed experimentally as 81.01% and 94.33% under the same conditions. The performance of the Fenton process under optimized conditions was calculated as 51%, 65%, and 73% for COD, AFG and Methyl Orange removal. Reactive Yellow 86, Acid Orange 7, and Reactive Green 19 were removed as 62.72%, 51.73%, and 39.39%, respectively, from real textile wastewater. The generated sludges (v/v) under optimized conditions for AFG dye solution, binary dye solution and real textile wastewater were 6%, 5% and 7%, respectively. AFG removal best fitted the BMG model (R-2 > 0.998). According to the experimental cost estimation based on chemical consumption under optimized conditions, 1 m(3) of AFG solution can be treated at $0.26. It was concluded that the Fenton process could be used as a pretreatment for industrial wastewater containing dye.
Synthesis and Adsorption Potential of Bc/Feooh Nanoparticles Using Oil-Squeezed Black Cumin (Bc) Seeds as a Waste Material
(Mehmet Sinan Bilgili, 2022) Ozguven, Ayse; Sirp, Zilan; Ozturk, Dilara
In this study, oil-squeezed black cumin seeds (BC), a waste material, were treated with NaOH to enhance the surface area and were evaluated to synthesize a BC/FeOOH/MnO2 hybrid adsorbent for crystal violet (CV) dye removal from aqueous media by adsorption process in a batch system. The effects of initial pH (3-11), adsorbent dose (0.25-1.5 g/L), reaction time (5-60 min), and initial dye concentration (50-200 mg/L) were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ( FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/ energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were made before and after the adsorption process. The synthesized adsorbent has a weight ratio for Mn, Fe, Na, and Ca of % 37.29, 26.18 %, 4.38 %, and 0.84 %. The characteristic peaks of FeOOH and MnO2 were observed in the FTIR spectrum. SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the spherical flower-like architecture of MnO2 and rod-like structure of FeOOH nanoparticles. Doping FeOOH and MnO2 gave an advantage to the adsorption of cationic CV to the OH groups. In the FTIR analysis of adsorbent after adsorption, vibration bands of C-N and stretching of CH3 groups with C-H bands were observed, which may verified the CV adsorption. Optimum adsorption conditions were determined for pH of 7.2(natural), adsorbent dose of 1.5 g/L, and initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L. The dye removal efficiency and adsorbed amount of dye were calculated as 94.29% and 31.42 mg/g. The adsorbent showed a good adsorption capacity for CV.
Synthesis, Characterization, and In-Situ H2o2 Generation Activity of Activated Carbon/Goethite for Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Degradation of Organics From Woolen Textile Wastewater
(Elsevier Science inc, 2023) Ozturk, Dilara; Gulcan, Mehmet
Developing effective and highly stable Heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) catalysts for removing organic pollutants from aquatic environments is a challenge in the scientific world. In this study, acti-vated carbon/Goethite/Fe3O4/ZnO was synthesized as a novel eco-friendly and economic HEF catalyst to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from woolen textile wastewater (WTW). According to char-acterization analyses, the catalyst was in a polycrystalline structure, had good stability (-34.53 mV), and had an average pore diameter was 8.017 nm. According to catalytic activity results, COD removal by anodic oxidation (AO) was 44.29%, AO-H2O2 was 58.99%, and adsorption was 18.5%. center dot OH and center dot O2- responsible for COD removal with 76.21% and 28.07%. The low p-value (<0.0001), high F-value (456.90), high Adeq. the precision value (76.74) and high R2 (0.9977) of the model show that the estab-lished quadratic model is significant, valid, successful in estimating data, and reliable in navigating design space. Optimal conditions were determined as aeration rate: 2.86 L/min, current density: 5.38 mA/cm2, catalyst dose: 0.194 g/L, reaction time: 85.41 min. COD removals were determined experimentally and theoretically as 96.39% and 98.66%. The total cost was $ 1.75 to remove 1 kg COD from WTW. The syn-thesized catalyst showed good performance over five cycles (82%), suggesting its use on an industrial scale.(c) 2023 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Treatment of Slaughterhouse Wastewater With the Electrochemical Oxidation Process: Role of Operating Parameters on Treatment Efficiency and Energy Consumption
(Elsevier, 2019) Ozturk, Dilara; Yilmaz, Alper Erdem
In this study, investigation of the applicability and efficiency of electrochemical oxidation (EO) processes for slaughterhouse wastewater was targeted by evaluating the treatment efficiency and energy consumption values together. The effect of operating parameters such as type of supporting electrolyte (SE) (Na2SO4, NaNO3 and NaCl), concentration of SE (0.01-0.1 M), initial wastewater pH (3-9), current density (CD) (4.73-14.20 mA/cm(2)) and dilution rate of wastewater (1/1-1/4) on removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS) and color were investigated. The most effective electrolyte type was observed as NaCl. With the use of 0.025 M NaCl and 25 degrees C reaction temperature, at fixed 4.73 mA/cm 2 CD and pH of 7.03 for 4 h reaction time, the optimum conditions for both energy consumption and removal efficiency for treatment of SWW were obtained. At optimum conditions, TSS, TOC, COD, TN and color removal efficiencies were found as; 99.5%, 88.0%, 92.2%, 93.5% and 99.9%, respectively, and the energy consumption under these conditions were 153.57 kWh/m(3) and 14.12 kWh/kg COD. The energy cost was calculated as 1.69 $/kg COD. Also, results distinctly show that almost full mineralization of organics is obtained after 4 h treatment. Unluckily, taking into account the large volumes of effluent produced per slaughtering cycle, the need for long treatment times is impractical, yet if the reactor is developed to include hydrodynamic conditions or combined with another treatment process which is shorter than the EO treatment time a novel setup may be possible.
Utilizing Mining Dam Bottom Sludge as a Novel Adsorbent for Auo Removal From Wastewaters: Batch and Column Studies
(Elsevier, 2021) Disli, Erkan; Ozturk, Dilara; Aladag, Erdinc
In this study, the adsorption of Auramine O (AuO) dye using bottom sludge (BS) was investigated in batch and continuous systems. The BS was characterized by EDX, BET, XRD, DLS, sigma-potential, SEM, FTIR, helium pycnometer, and mercury porosimetry. The kinetic and isotherm data were fitted to pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. The maximum amount of adsorption calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was 5.09 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption was endothermic and occurred spontaneously. Thomas, Clark, and Yoon-Nelson models were suitable (R-2 > 0.95 for all these models) to explain the dynamic behavior of AuO-BS in the column system. Increased bed depth increased breakthrough time, while the breakthrough time declined with increased initial AuO concentration and flow rate. Optimum conditions were determined for the batch system as 4 g of BS dose, 100 rpm agitation speed, and 90 min reaction time; optimum conditions for the column system were 3 cm bed depth, 0.14 mL/min flow rate, reaction time of 181 h; and optimum conditions for both systems were 100 mg/L AuO concentration, 20 degrees C reaction temperature and pH 6.18 (natural). Under these conditions, the amounts of AuO adsorbed in batch and column systems were calculated as 2.06 mg/g (89.75%) and 2.63 mg/g (47.13%), respectively. The studies showed that efficient remediation of AuO from aquatic environments is possible with BS. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Van Gölü Suyunun İyon Karakterizasyonuyla Su Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi
(2017) Aktaş, Nahit; Alpaslan, Duygu; Öztürk, Erhan; Şahan, Tekin; Yiğit, Aybek; İrak, Zeynep Şilan Turhan; Ozturk, Dilara
Van Gölü dünyanın en büyük sodalı gölü olmasının yanında tuzlu su özelliği de taşımaktadır. Van ve Bitlis illeriyle çevrili olan gölün kuzey ve batısında tümüyle volkanik, güneyinde metamorfik ve doğusunda ise baskın olarak sedimanter kayaçlar vardır. Bu çeşitlilik nedeniyle Van Gölü suyu, kimyasal parametreleri açısından araştırmacıların her dönem ilgisini çekmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında iyon kromatografisi yöntemiyle Van Gölü suyunun doğal kalitesini yansıtan anyon ve katyonların konsantrasyon düzeyleri araştırılmıştır. 8 farklı nokta ve 9 farklı derinlikten alınan su örneklerinin kimyasal analizi sonucunda ortalama pH değeri 9.52 düzeyinde bulunurken, elde edilen verilere bakıldığında ortalama derişim değerleri başlıca katyonlardan kalsiyum 355.3, magnezyum 117.1, sodyum 8 612.6, potasyum 473.6, lityum 0.3 ppm; başlıca anyonlardan florür 4.8, klorür 10.5, bromür 20.5, nitrat 3.7, fosfat 13.6, sülfat 2 900.4 ppm olarak bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçların mevzuat kapsamında değerlendirilmesi sonucunda; Van gölü suyunun içerdiği iyonik bileşenler bakımından Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliğineki parametrelere göre IV. sınıf su kalitesinde olduğu bulunmuştur. Van Gölü Havzasında göl suyunun kalitesine yönelik çalışmalar geçmiş senelerde az sayıda yapılmış olmakla beraber bu analizler şimdiye kadar düzenli bir şekilde yapılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, kapsamlı bir araştırma olup kullanılan teknikler bakımından da önemli yenilikler içermektedir. Özellikle kromatografik teknikler bakımından bu alandaki çalışmalara orijinal katkılar yapacağı düşünülmektedir
Van İli Kent Merkezinde Hava Kirliliği
(2019) Bayram, Tuba; Ozturk, Dilara
Çevre kirliliğine neden olan hava kirleticiler ilk sırada insan sağlığı olmak üzere, diğer canlıları ve ekosistemi riskaltına sokmaktadır. Ülkemizin birçok kentinde sanayi ve ısınmadan kaynaklanan hava kirliliği sorunu önemliboyutlara ulaşmıştır. Bu çalışmada Van ili kent merkezinde hava kirletici parametrelerin zamansal ve mevsimseldağılımı, konsantrasyonları, kirletici parametrelerin sıcaklık ile ilişkisi izin verilen sınır değerlere göre tartışılmışve kent için çözüme yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir. Kentin topoğrafik ve coğrafik konumu itibari ile kış mevsimisert geçmektedir ayrıca kentin sıcaklık ortalaması ülke geneline göre düşüktür. Bu sebeple ısınma maksatlıkullanılan yakıtlardan kaynaklı kirleticiler hava kirliliğinde büyük paya sahiptir. Ancak kentin az gelişmiş sanayişehirlerinden olmasından dolayı endüstriyel menşeili hava kirleticiler kentte çok düşük konsantrasyonlardabulunmaktadır. Isınma amaçlı düşük enerjili ve yüksek kükürt içeren kömür türevlerinin sık kullanımı ve yanlışyakma teknikleri kış aylarında görülen yoğun kirliliğin sebebini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sebeple doğal gaz gibidaha temiz yakıtların kullanımı bu sorun için en uygun çözümlerden biridir. Kentin doğal gaz ulaşmayan ilçelerinehat sağlanması ile tehlikesiz ve temiz bir yakıt olarak kabul görülen doğal gazın kullanılmasının yaygınlaştırılmasıgerekmektedir. Ayrıca hattın ulaşmadığı noktalarda kalitesiz yakıt konusunda kontroller satış noktalarındanbaşlayıp kullanıcılar bilgilendirilmeli ve zararları izah edilmelidir.
Van İlindeki Tehlikeli Atıkların Mevcut Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi
(2019) Ozturk, Dilara
Hızla artan insan nüfusu ile paralel olarak gelişen bilim ve teknolojinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkanendüstrileşme, beraberinde çevre kirliliğini de getirmektedir. Çevre kirliliğine sebep olan ve yaşamsalfaaliyetleri doğrudan etkileyen en önemli kirleticilerden biri de tehlikeli atıklardır. Bu çalışmanın amacıVan ilindeki tehlikeli atıkların mevcut potansiyelini belirlemek, şehrin tehlikeli atık yönetimi ile ilgilisorunlarını tespit etmek ve çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Elde edilen veriler ışığında kentte atık madeniyağların neredeyse tamamının geri kazanıldığı, kazanılan atık yağın büyük miktarının tesis içi atıkminimizasyonu ile sağlandığı; 2018 yılına kadar tıbbi atıkların bir sterilizasyon tesisinde evsel nitelikkazandırıldıktan sonra vahşi depolama alanlarında bertaraf edildiği ancak kurulumuna başlanan katı atıkentegre tesisinde daha güvenli bertarafının planlandığı; kentin atık elektrikli ve elektronik eşyalar içinherhangi bir eylem planının bulunmadığı; Ayrıca, toplanan atık pil ve akümülatörlerin ve ömrünütamamlamış lastiklerin sayısı göz önüne alındığında tam bir geri dönüşümün sağlanmadığı sonucunavarılmıştır. Atık elektrikli ve elektronik eşyaların geri dönüşüme kazandırılması için çevre mevzuatıkapsamında gerekli izin ve lisansları bulunan firmalar ile iş birliği içerisine girilmesi gerektiği sonucunavarılmıştır. Ayrıca toplanan atık pil ve akümülatörlerin ve ömrünü tamamlamış lastiklerin il genelindeetkin toplanması için; büyük şehir belediyesinin, ilçe belediyelerinin çalışmalarını koordine etmesi vekonuyla ilgili yürütülen bilgilendirme ve eğitim faaliyetlerini desteklemesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.