Browsing by Author "Parlak, Veysel"

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Antioxidant Potential of Ulexite in Zebrafish Brain: Assessment of Oxidative Dna Damage, Apoptosis, and Response of Antioxidant Defense System
(Springernature, 2021) Alak, Gonca; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Atamanalp, Muhammed; Turkez, Hasan
In recent years, because of its significant biological roles, the usage of boron has been started in animal feeding. In this research, it was aimed to investigate the ulexite's action mechanism on the zebrafish brain with an evaluation of the oxidative parameters. The adult zebrafish were exposed to four ulexite doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/l) in a static test apparatus for 96 h. For assessing the oxidative responses, multiple biochemical analyses were performed in brain tissues. The results indicated the supporting potential of low ulexite doses on the antioxidant system (< 40 mg/l) and that low-dose ulexite does not lead to oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain. Again, our results showed that low ulexite concentrations did not cause DNA damage or apoptosis. As a final result, in aquatic environments, ulexite (a boron compound) can be used in a safe manner, but it would be useful at higher concentrations to consider the damages of the cells that are probable to develop because of the oxidative stress
Assesment of Hematotoxic, Oxidative and Genotoxic Damage Potentials of Fipronil in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss, Walbaum
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Cilingir Yeltekin, Asli; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Caglar, Ozge; Turkez, Hasan; Atamanalp, Muhammed
In this study, changes in the blood tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) caused by Fipronil (FP) insecticide were investigated using different biomarkers (Hematology parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), myeleperoxidase (MPO), micronucleus (MN), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) level and caspase-3 activity. Statistically significant alterations in hematology parameters occurred with FP effect. In blood tissue, dose-dependent inhibition was determined in SOD-CAT-GPX-PON and ARE enzyme activities, but MDA and MPO were induced statistically significant. The results of MN assay were compared with the control group and it was obtained that genotoxicity of different dose groups was similar. The level of 8-OHdG and the activity and caspase-3 examined in blood tissue was increased depending on the dose. It was determined with different biomarkers that this insecticide caused physiological stress changes in the tissues examined.
Assessment of 8-Hydroxy Activity, Gene Expression and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Tissues Exposed To Biopesticide
(Elsevier Science inc, 2017) Alak, Gonca; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Yeltekin, Ash Cilingir; Tas, Ismail Hakki; Olmez, Dogukan; Yanik, Telat
The goal of this study was to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide with antioxidant enzymes parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), transcriptional changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A), sod, cat, and gpx in liver and gill tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this aim, plant-based (natural pesticides, azadirachtin (AZA)) and synthetic pesticides (deltamethrin (DLM)) were exposed on the fish at different concentrations (0.0005 and 0.00025 ppm of DLM; 0.24 and 0.12 ppm of AZA) for 21 days. According to the results of the study, the activity of SOD, CAT and GPx decreased, but malondialdehyde (MDA) level and activity of 8-OHdG increased in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (p < 0.05). Additionally sod, cat and gpx were down regulated; HSP70 and CYP1A were up regulated for transcriptional observation. The downwards regulation of antioxidant (sod, cat and gpx) and the upregulation of HSP70 and CYP1A was obvious with doses of AZA or DLM (p < 0.05). The findings of this study suggest that biopesticide can cause biochemical and physiological effects in the fish gill and liver by causing enzyme inhibition, an increase in 8-OHdG levels and changes in both transcriptional parameters (sod, cat, gpx, HSP70 and CYP1A). We found that excessive doses of plant -based pesticide are nearly as toxic as chemical ones for aquatic organisms. Moreover, 8-OHdG, HSP70 and CYP1A used as a biomarker to determinate toxicity mechanism of biopesticide in aquatic environment.
Borax Alleviates Copper-Induced Renal Injury Via Inhibiting the Dna Damage and Apoptosis in Rainbow Trout
(Springernature, 2019) Alak, Gonca; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Turkez, Hasan; Atamanalp, Muhammed
The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of borax against copper in the kidney tissue of the rainbow trout fed with added borax (BX) (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) and/or copper (Cu) (500,1000 mg/kg) contents. For this purpose, two treatment groups had designed, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities were determined. Besides, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine, 8-OHdG), caspase-3, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assessed in kidneys of all treatment groups. In molecular pathway, hsp70, CYP1A, and antioxidant gene expression levels were determined. In the results of the analysis, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression were increased; 8-OHdG, caspase-3, and MDA levels were decreased in groups fed with borax supplemented feeds compared to the copper-treated group. The alterations among the groups were found as significant (p < 0.05). CYP1A and hsp70 gene expressions were upregulated in copper and copper combined groups (p < 0.05). The findings of present research showed that borax had alleviative effect on copper-induced toxicity and could be used as an antidote in fish nutrition.
Borax Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis by Modulating Nrf2/Ros Balance in Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rainbow Trout
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Turkez, Hasan; Alak, Gonca; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Cilingir Yeltekin, Asli; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Acrylamide (ACR) can have adverse environmental effects because of its multiple applications. Relevant scientific literatures of the existence of ACR residues in foods following processing steps have raised concern in the biochemistry, chemistry and safety of this vinyl substance. The interest has focused on the hepatotoxicity of ACR in animals and humans and on the ACR content mitigation and its detoxification. Borax (BX), as a naturally occurring antioxidant featured boron compound, was selected in this investigation to assess its possible neuro-protective potential against ACR-induced neurotoxicity. Nrf2 axis signaling pathways and detoxification response to oxidative stress after exposure to ACR in brains of rainbow trout, and the effect of BX application on reducing ACR-induced neurotoxicity were investigated. Rainbow trout were acutely exposed to ACR (12.5 mg/L) alone or simultaneously treated with BX (0.75 mg/L) during 96h. The exposed fish were sampled at 48th and 96th and oxidative stress response endpoints, 8-OHdG, Nrf2, TNF-alpha, caspase-3, in addition to IL-6 activities and the levels of AChE and BDNF in brain tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated. Samples showed decreases in the levels of ACR-mediated biomarkers used to assess neural toxicity (SOD, CAT, GPx, AChE, BDNF, GSH), increased levels of MDA, MPO, DNA damage and apoptosis. ACR disrupted the Nrf2 pathway, and induced neurotoxicity. Inhibited activities' expressions under simultaneous administration experiments, revealed the protective effects of BX against ACR-induced toxicity damage. The obtained data allow the outline of early multi-parameter signaling pathways in rainbow trout
Borax Exerts Protective Effect Against Ferrocene-Induced Neurotoxicity in Oncorhynchus Mykiss
(Elsevier Gmbh, 2022) Yeltekin, Ash Cilingir; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Turkez, Hasan; Esenbuga, Nurinisa; Alak, Gonca
Background: In recent years, therapeutic targets and the development of new drugs have shifted research towards inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Ferrocene (FcH) is a stable, small molecule that exhibits immunostimulatory and anti-tumor properties by a different mechanism and is effective at low doses in oral administration. However, it was surprising that there has been no performed investigation using FcH on aquaculture. On the other hand, recent papers reveal the key biological functions and health benefits due to daily boron intake in animals and humans. Therefore, we investigated the neurotoxic damage potential of FcH and its related neurotoxicity action mechanism in aquatic environments. In addition, the protective potential of borax (BX, or sodium borate) were evaluated againt in vivo neurotoxicity by FcH. Methods: Neurotoxicity assessment was performed in rainbow trout brain tissue, acutely under semi-static conditions via determining a vide range of parameters including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA levels), DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (caspase 3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. In addition, the LC50 96 h level of FcH was determined for the first time in rainbow trout in this study. Results: In the obtained results, while FcH caused inhibition in enzyme activities, it showed an inducing effect on MDA, MPO, BDNF, Nrf2, TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels. It was determined that this oxidative damage related alterations were significantly different (p < 0.05) in comparison between FcH treated and controls. Again, the LC 50 96 h value in rainbow trout was determined as 11.73 mg/L, which is approximately 5% less than the value given for freshwater fish (12.3 mg/L). On the contrary, it was observed that BX has a mitigating effect on FcH-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion: The present study suggests that borax may be useful for preventing or alleviating neurotoxicity induced by environmental contaminants or toxic chemicals.
Determination of Fipronil Toxicity by Different Biomarkers in Gill and Liver Tissue of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
(Springer, 2020) Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Alak, Gonca; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Insecticides that disrupt the healthy functioning of the ecosystem have toxic potential on non-target organisms. Fish, an important component of the aquatic ecosystem, are exposed to these pesticides in different ways. The stress response is regarded as an adaptive mechanism that allows the fish to cope with the perceived stressor to maintain its normal or homeostatic state. This mechanism is determined by antioxidant parameters and oxidative stress indicators measured in gill and liver tissue of rainbow trout. Accordingly, the effects of fipronil (FP) insecticide on the physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were determined with using the different biomarkers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), and caspase 3 activity) in this study. Different doses of FP inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities in rainbow trout liver and gill tissues while inducing oxidative stress parameter (MDA, MPO, and 8-OHdG) levels. Also, caspase-3 activity was increased in liver and gill tissue, but this increase was statistically significant only in gill tissue (p < 0.05). When the results of the study were taken into consideration, it was concluded that different doses of FP insecticide caused physiological changes in rainbow trout and the studied parameters were usable biomarkers in explaining the adaptive response of stress factor.
The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on the Oxidative Stress Levels, Apoptosis, Dna Damage, and Hematopoietic Effect in Pesticide-Exposed Fish Blood
(Wiley, 2019) Ucar, Arzu; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Parlak, Veysel; Alak, Gonca; Keles, Mevlut Sait; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Cysteine is important for protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions. However, cysteine metabolism has been poorly described in fish, and the role of the therapeutic effect in pesticide toxicology on aquatic organisms is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of regular cysteine treatment on the hematology, biochemistry, apoptosis, oxidative DNA damage, and antioxidant parameters in fish blood after chemical application. Therefore, fish were exposed to cypermethrin for 2 weeks. Then two different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) were applied for a 4-day treatment period and compared with the group of the self-healing process. At the end of the treatment, the hematological index, blood biochemical parameters, paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in the fish blood samples were investigated. With regard to the hematological parameters, statistical differences were obtained except for mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P < 0.05). Enzyme activities (ARE, PON, and MPO), as well as some biochemical parameters (creatinin [Cre], alanine amino transferase, total glyceride, alkaline phosphatase, iron, calcium, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], sodium, and potassium), were found to be importantly different among all groups at the P < 0.05 level, while 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and caspase-3 levels were determined to be high in the pesticide group but decreased significantly in NAC-treated groups (P < 0.05). According to the results of the study, acute cysteine treatment showed an ameliorative effect on the hematological index, biochemical parameters, PON, MPO, and ARE in the blood in the all the treatment group fish. The positive effect of NAC on protein synthesis, detoxification, and diverse metabolic functions against cypermethrin toxicity was more effective in 1.0mM NAC. NAC has an important therapeutic effect on pesticide-induced hematoxicity for fish in terms of all the data.
Has Pdcu@go Effect on Oxidant/Antioxidant Balance? Using Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae as a Model
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023) Ucar, Arzu; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Kokturk, Mine; Calimli, Mehmet Harbi; Nas, Mehmet Salih; Parlak, Veysel; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Industrial products containing PdCu@GO can gain access to the aquaculture environment, causing dangerous effects on living biota. In this study, the developmental toxicity of zebrafish treated with different concentrations (50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mu g/L) of PdCu@GO was investigated. The findings showed that PdCu@GO administration decreased the hatchability and survival rate, caused dose-dependent cardiac malformation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with acetylcho-linesterase (AChE) activity affected by nano-Pd exposure. As evidence for oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and glutathione (GSH) level decreased due to the increase in PdCu@GO concentration. Our research, it was determined that the oxidative stress stimulated by the increase in the concentration of PdCu@GO in zebrafish caused apoptosis (Caspase-3) and DNA damage (8-OHdG). Stimulation of ROS, inflammatory cytokines, tumor Necrosis Factor Alfa (TNF-alpha) and interleukin - 6 (IL-6), which act as signaling molecules to trigger proin-flammatory cytokine production, induced zebrafish immunotoxicity. However, it was determined that the in-crease of ROS induced teratogenicity through the induction of nuclear factor erythroid 2 level (Nrf-2), NF-icB and apoptotic signaling pathways triggered by oxidative stress. Taken together with the research findings, the study contributed to a comprehensive assessment of the toxicological profile of PdCu@GO by investigating the effects on zebrafish embryonic development and potential molecular mechanisms.
Hematological and Hepatic Effects of Ulexite in Zebrafish
(Elsevier, 2020) Alak, Gonca; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Parlak, Veysel; Ucar, Arzu; Caglar, Ozge; Atamanalp, Muhammed
The ulexite (UX), a borate mineral, is used as boron source and commonly used in various industrial processes. The hematological and hepatic effects of UX were investigated by exposing adult zebrafish to UX (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/L) over 96 hours. The blood and liver tissues were taken at the end of the trial period then micronucleus (MN) rates, oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (Caspase-3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione pemxidase (GPx), myelopemxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (AR) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) levels were determined. Genotoxic damage by UX occurred only at 40 mg/L in the blood MN assay. Oxidative stress, oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in liver also occurred at this dose. Moreover, 5-20 mg/L doses led to decreases of DNA damage and apoptosis levels via promoting antioxidant system in liver tissues. UX exhibits beneficial roles on blood and liver tissues of zebrafish at relatively lower doses, which may be relevant to nutritional and medicinal industries.
Hematotoxic, Oxidative and Genotoxic Damage in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) After Exposure To 3-Benzoylpyridine
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Parlak, Veysel; Ozgeris, Bunyamin; Ucar, Arzu; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Caglar, Ozge; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound. The pyridine ring is present in many important compounds, including agricultural chemicals, medicines and vitamins. Due to their widespread industrial use, bioaccumulation and non-target toxic effects are being considered as a great risk to human and environmental health. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hematological, oxidative and genotoxic damage potentials by different concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2 g/L) of the ketone 3-Benzoylpyridine (3BP) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Alterations in the biomarker levels of oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2 '-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), apoptosis (Caspase-3), malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), myeloperoxidase (MPO), paraoxonase (PON), and arylesterase (AR) were assessed in brain, liver, gill and blood tissues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was also determined in brain tissue. In addition, we analyzed micronucleus (MN) rates and hematological indices of total erythrocyte count (RBC), total leukocyte count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), total platelet count (PLT), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell volume (MCV) in blood. LC50-96h value of 3BP was calculated as 5.2 g/L from the data obtained. A significant decrease in brain AChE activity was determined in clear time and dose dependent manners. While SOD, CAT, GPx, PON, and AR levels were decreased, MDA, MPO, 8-OHdG and Caspase-3 levels were increased in all tissues (p < 0.05). Again, the 3BP led to increases of MN formation at all applied concentrations in the rates of between 45.4 and 72.7%. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found out in between all studied hematology parameters between 3BP-exposed and the control fish. In conclusion, ours study firstly indicated that the treatment doses of 3BP induced distinct hematological and oxidative alterations as well as genotoxic damage in rainbow trout.
Investigation of 8-Ohdg, Cyp1a, Hsp70 and Transcriptional Analyses of Antioxidant Defence System in Liver Tissues of Rainbow Trout Exposed To Eprinomectin
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Alak, Gonca; Yeltekin, Ash Cilingir; Tas, Ismail Hakki; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Topal, Ahmet; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Eprinomectin (EPM), a member of avermectin family, is a semi-synthetic antibiotic. It has been known that avermectin family enters the aquatic environments and adversely affects the aquatic organisms. Effects of EPM is fully unknown in aquatic organisms especially fish, thus the aim of the present study was to investigate transcriptional changes (sod, cat, gpx) and activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) and transcriptional changes of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and cytochromes P4501A (CYP1A) in liver tissues of rainbow trout exposed to sublethal EPM concentration (0.001 mu g/L, 0.002 mu g/L, 0.01 mu gL, 0.05 mu g/L) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. The decrease in antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT and GPx) activity, transcriptional changes (sod, cat, gpx, HSP70 and CYP1A genes) and increase in MDA level and activity of 8-OHdG in a dose-time-dependent manner in the liver of rainbow trout were observed. The down-regulated of antioxidant (sod, cat and gpx), HSP70 and CYP1A obviously, the severity of which increased with the concentration of EPM and exposure time. The results imply that EPM could induce oxidative damage to the liver tissue of rainbow trout. The information presented in this study is helpful to understand the mechanism of veterinary pharmaceuticals-induced oxidative stress in fishes. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Investigation of 8-Ohdg, Cyp1a, Hsp70 and Transcriptional Analyses of Antioxidant Defence System in Liver Tissues of Rainbow Trout Exposed To Eprinomectin (Vol 65, Pg 136, 2017)
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Alak, Gonca; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Tas, Ismail Hakki; Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Topal, Ahmet; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Magnetic Nanoparticles-Induced Neurotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Brain of Rainbow Trout: Mitigation by Ulexite Through Modulation of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities
(Elsevier, 2022) Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Arslan, Mehmet Enes; Alak, Gonca; Atamanalp, Muhammed
The prevalent exposition of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) to the aquatic medium and their negative influence on human life is one of the major concerns global. Stress mechanization, as a non-specific and pervasive response, involves all physiological systems, particularly the closely interconnected neuroendocrine and immune systems. In this study, which was designed to obtain more data on the biological effects of ulexit, which prevents oxidative DNA damage by protecting against toxicity damage and offers new antioxidant roles. The concomitant use of ulexite (UX, as 18.75 mg/l) as a natural therapeutic agent against exposure to magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-MNPs/0.013 ml/l) on Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated for 96 h. The brain tissues were taken at the 48th and 96th hours of the trial period, the effects on neurotoxic, pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, antioxidant immune system, DNA and apoptosis mechanisms were analyzed. In the present study, it was determined that AChE activity and BDNF level in the brain tissue decreased over time in the Fe3O4-MNPs group compared to the control, and UX tried to depress this inhibition. While inhibition was determined in antioxidant system biomarkers (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH values), an induction was observed in lipid peroxidation indicators (MDA and MPO values) in Fe3O4-MNPs applied group. The same group data showed that TNF-alpha, IL-6, 8-OHdG and caspase-3 levels were increased, but Nrf-2 levels were decreased. The alterations in all biomarkers were found to be significant at the p < 0.05 level. In general, it was determined that Fe3O4-MNPs caused stress in O. mykiss and UX exhibited a positive effect on this stress management.
May Pdcu@f-Mwcnt Nps Be an Ecotoxicologic Risk
(Wiley, 2023) Alak, Gonca; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Kokturk, Mine; Nas, Mehmet Salih; Parlak, Veysel; Calimli, Mehmet Harbi; Atamanalp, Muhammed
The mechanisms of various metal nanoparticles (NPs) are still a matter of debate in aquatic toxicology. In order to close this gap, the number of studies on this subject is increasing. The aims of this study are to explore the interactions of PdCu@f-MWCNT NPs with zebrafish and get to know if it has an ecotoxicological risk. In this study, we synthesized, characterized PdCu@f-MWCNT NPs, and investigated its ecotoxicological effects. The chemical and morphological structures of PdCu@f-MWCNT nanomaterials were elucidated with advanced analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray spectrophotometer (EDX), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The ecotoxicological risks were investigated by conducting biochemical analyses and malformation defects in zebrafish. The results were obtained using multiple marker applications including oxidative stress parameters, proinflammatory cytokine expressions, DNA damage, and apoptosis markers. The obtained findings showed embryonic development, survival rate, and incidence of malformation increasing in parallel with the dose increase in zebrafish exposed to PdCu@f-MWCNT NPs at 10-1000 mu g/L levels. Despite the observed decreases in antioxidant enzyme activities, GSH level, AChE activity, and NRF-2 level, inductions in malondialdehyde (MDA) level, IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-kB, DNA damage, and apoptosis levels were observed with increasing dose. Considering these findings, it has been determined that there are toxic effects in zebrafish at all levels above the concentration that we examine as a safe dose (10 mu g/L). The effects of all studied concentrations of this NP above the safe dosage, especially on oxidative stress, malformation, and immune system, were found to be quite significant. The more widespread use of nanotechnology in the future will mean more contact of aquatic organisms with NPs. As a result, it is clearly seen that these organisms, which form the important link of the food chain, and the aquatic environment are living at risk conditions.
Mitigating Roles by Ulexite Against Acetyleferrocene-Induced Hematotoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Genotoxicity and Oxidative Stress in Oncorhynchus Mykiss
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Ucar, Arzu; Parlak, Veysel; Caglar, Ozge; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Turkez, Hasan; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Acetyl ferrocene (AFC) is being used commonly in several industrial applications and scientific diciplines. Hence, in this study we aimed to determine the LC50 value of AFC, and evaluate the toxicity potential by AFC exposure on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) for 96 h. We also focused to investigate whether UX conferred a protection against AFC-induced toxic insults in fish. For this purpose, some stress related endpoints were measured in blood and liver tissues in a multibiomarker approach. The exposure to AFC observed inhibition/induction of hematological parameters by AFC was slowed down after co-application with UX and AFC. However, UX was found to be ineffective for minimising AFC-induced micronucleus formation after 96 h. Moreover, it was determined that supplementation with UX exhibited activity in favour of antioxidants and inhibited MDA / MPO levels. Again, time-dependent inhibition of Nrf-2 levels, stimulation of IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels by AFC were ameliorated after co-application with UX. Ultimately, administration with UX suppressed the accumulation of 8-OHdG adducts and caspase-3 levels as compared to only AFC treatment. In a conclusion UX exerted significant protection potency against AFC-induced hematotoxic, oxidative, genotoxic and cytotoxic damages, hence could be a new source of natural protective agents in environment.
Modulatory Role Ulexit Against Thiamethoxam-Induced Hematotoxicity/ Hepatotoxicity Oxidative Stress and Immunotoxicity in Oncorhynchus Mykiss
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Ucar, Arzu; Gunay, Ayse; Parlak, Veysel; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Turkez, Hasan; Atamanalp, Muhammed
Contamination of the aquatic environment with different insecticides is a major concern in the aquatic ecosystem today. For this reason, in the designed study, Thiamethoxam (TMX) for which there is limited information on its negative effects on Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated, its effects on hematotoxicity, oxidative status, cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptotic status indicators in blood/liver tissue. However, the antitoxic potential of ulexite (UX) supplementation in the elimination of TMX-mediated toxicity has been determined. LC50-96h value determined for TMX 0.73 mg/L has been determined. As a result of hematology profile, TMX application, RBC, Hgb and Hct values showed a temporal decrease compared to the control group, while increases were determined in MCV, MCH and MCHC values. It was determined that the inhibition/induction of hematological parameters was slowed down by adding UX to the medium. During the trial (48th and 96th hours), it was noted that TMX induced cortisol level, while UX supplementation slowed this induction at 48th hour. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by TMX application, and MDA and MPO values increased as a result of the stimulation of ROS. It was determined that UX added to the medium showed activity in favor of antioxidants and tried to inhibit MDA and MPO levels. When Nrf-2, one of the inflammation parameters, was compared with the administration and control groups, it was determined that it inhibited depending on time, TNF-alpha, IL-6, DNA damage and apoptosis were induced, and UX suppressed this situation. The results obtained were evaluated as statistically meaningful. Briefly, it was determined that TMX induced oxidative damage in all tissues at 48th -96th hours, whereas UX mitigated this situation. The results provide possible in vivo evidence that UX supplements can reduce TMX-mediated oxidative stress and tissues damage in O. mykiss blood and liver tissues.
Neurophysiological Responses in the Brain Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Treated With Bio-Pesticide
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Alak, Gonca; Ucar, Arzu; Yeltekin, Ash Cilingir; Parlak, Veysel; Nardemir, Gizem; Kizilkaya, Merve; Yanik, Telat
The aim of this study was to investigate neurophysiological responses in rainbow trout brain tissue exposed to natural/botanical pesticides. Fish were exposed to botanical and synthetic pesticides over a 21-day period. At the end of the treatment period, oxidative DNA damage (indicated by 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), AChE activity (acetylcholinesterase) and transcriptional parameters (gpx (glutathione peroxidase), sod (superoxide dismutase), cat (catalase), HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) and CYP1A (cytochromes P450)) was investigated in control and application groups. Our results indicated that brain AChE activities decreased very significantly in fish treated with both insecticide types when compared with control (p < 0.05). 8-OHdG activity increased in a dose/time-dependent situation in the brain tissues of Oncorhynchus mykiss (p < 0.05). In addition, with regards to gene expression, gpx sod and, cat expressions were down-regulated, whereas CYP1A and HSP70 gene expression were up-regulated in fish treated with both insecticides when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The data for this study suggests that bio-pesticides can cause neurophysiological changes in fish brain tissue.
Neuroprotective Effects of Dietary Borax in the Brain Tissue of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Exposed To Copper-Induced Toxicity
(Springer, 2018) Alak, Gonca; Ucar, Arzu; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Comakli, Selim; Parlak, Veysel; Tas, Ismail Hakki; Turkez, Hasan
We aimed to investigate the modulating effects of dietary borax on the pathways in rainbow trout brain exposed to copper. For this aim, a comprehensive assessment was performed including biochemical (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and caspase-3 levels) and transcriptional parameters (heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and cytochromes P450 (CYP1A), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), superoxide dismutase (sod), and catalase (cat)) parameters and immunohistochemically staining of 8-OHdG. Special fish feed diets were prepared for the trial. These diets contained different concentrations of borax (1.25, 2.5, and 5mg/kg) and/or copper (500 and 1000mg/kg) at the period of pre- and co-treatment strategies for 21days. At the end of the treatment periods, brain tissue was sampled for each experimental group. As a result, the biochemical parameters were increased and AChE activity decreased in the copper and copper-combined groups in comparison with the control group and also with only borax applications (p<0.05). We observed an increase or decrease in particular biochemical parameters for the borax group in every application and we established that borax had protective effect against copper toxicity by decreasing and/or increasing the relevant biochemical parameters in brain tissue of fish. The biochemical results of borax and its combinations corresponded to the observations of gene expression data, which similarly concluded that HSP70 and CYP1A genes were strongly induced by copper (p<0.05). In addition, the expression levels of the sod, cat, and gpx genes in the fish brains exposed to borax and the borax combination groups were significantly higher than the only copper-treated groups. In conclusion, borax supplementation provided significant protection against copper-induced neurotoxicity in trout.
Neuroprotective Properties of Borax Against Aluminum Hydroxide-Induced Neurotoxicity: Possible Role of Nrf-2/Bdnf Pathways in Fish Brain
(Elsevier, 2023) Alak, Gonca; Turkez, Hasan; Ucar, Arzu; Yeltekin, Asli Cilingir; Ozgeris, Fatma Betul; Parlak, Veysel; Atamanalp, Muhammed
The current study was designed to assess the possible neuroprotective effect of borax (BX) against the toxicity of aluminum hydroxide [AH, Al (OH)3] on brain of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with multibiomarker approaches. For this purpose, the presence of the neuroprotective action by BX against the AH exposure was assessed by the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), acetylcholinesterase (AChE). In addition, we evaluated glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), DNA damage (8-OHdG), apoptosis (caspase 3), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in 96 h semi-static treatment. In the 48th and 96th hour samplings, apoptosis induced by AH in the Nrf-2/BDNF/AChE pathways in rainbow trout brain tissue was revealed by DNA damage, enzyme inhibitions and lipid peroxidations. On the contrary applications of BX supported antioxidant capacity without leading apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory response and DNA damage. BX also increased the BDNF levels and AChE activity. Moreover, BX exerted a neuroprotective effect against AH-induced neurotoxicity via down-regulating cytokine-related pathways, minimising DNA damage, apoptosis as well as up-regulating GSH, AChE, BDNF and antioxidant enzyme levels. It can be concluded that the combination of borax with AH modulated the toxic effects of AH.