Browsing by Author "Rezaee Danesh, Y."

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Demir, S.; Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demirer Durak, E.; Najafi, S.; Boyno, G.
The 20th century has been accompanied by the increasing growth in agricultural production, the use of chemical inputs, especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as the development of new methods in genetics and plant breeding. In natural ecological conditions, the rhizosphere soils have different types of living organisms, including mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, that play a significant role in plant growth and development, plant nutrition as well as tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a significant symbiotic relationship with different types of plants in most natural habitats. These fungi play a direct role in improving the growth and development of plants in agricultural ecosystems by absorbing phosphorus and other mineral nutrients from the soil. Also, the role of these fungi in reducing the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses, bioremediation of contaminated soils, protecting plants against pathogens, increasing biodiversity in host plants, and improving soil fertility and structure has also been validated. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the majority of plants, such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, and thus play a significant role in sustainable agricultural systems. Proper management of these fungi can be very important in improving sustainable agricultural practices. In this chapter, the role and benefits of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agricultural development systems are emphasized and discussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant Growth–promoting Rhizobacteria: Their Potential as Biological Control Agents in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Pellegrini, M.; Akköprü, A.; Farda, B.; Boyno, G.; Djebaili, R.
Microorganisms as biological control agents have received special attention in recent years. Biological control is a sustainable and environmentally friendly method and offers a valid alternative to chemical pesticides. Biological control agents have high adaptability to environmental conditions and various synergistic mechanisms based on the host plant. The role of beneficial soil bacteria that live around the root or the rhizosphere and improve plant growth, known as plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), is very important. PGPRs directly (dissolving of minerals, nitrogen fixation, production of plant hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins) or indirectly (production of several substances such as antibiotics, siderophores, lytic enzymes, volatile organic compounds, hydrogen cyanide, and also competitions) improve plant growth. PGPRs also stimulate the induced systemic resistance (ISR) in plants, thereby increasing the resistance of plants against various pathogens by jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. The ISR was described for different PGPRs species, including Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., and Burkholderia spp. The decrease in disease severity in various host plants has been described by numerous researches. This chapter focuses on the potential of PGPRs as suitable biocontrol agents and the mechanisms involved in sustainable plant disease management. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Study on Antifungal Effects of Several Essential Oils Against Botrytis Cinerea and Rhizopus Stolonifer
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2017) Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demir, S.; Najafi, S.
Essential oils of oregano, thyme, rosemary and sage were chemically analysed and evaluated for antifungal activity on Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer by contact (125-1000 μl/l) and volatile (5-40 μl) methods. Different essential oils inhibited fungal growth in a dose dependent manner. The growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited by rosemary essential oil (≥ 500 μl/l) and at ≥ 750 μl/l for sage and thyme oils. Also, the growth of R. stolonifer was completely inhibited by sage and thyme oils (≥ 500 μl/l) and at ≥ 750 μl/l for oregano and rosemary oils. Rosemary and thyme essential oils had the most antifungal effects on B. cinerea and R. stolonifer at all concentrations, respectively. Volatile phase effects were found to be more effective than contact phase effect. The growth of fungi was completely suppressed at concentrations ≥ 10 μl for oregano and rosemary oils and at ≥ 5 μl for sage and thyme oils. Thymol and carvacrol are the two main constituents of thyme and rosemary which showed the highest antifungal activities. The results showed that the essential oils are promising antifungal agents which could be used as bio-fungicide in the protection of fruits and vegetables against postharvest infections.
Using Dna Barcoding in Fungal Taxonomy
(Centenary University, 2020) Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demir, S.
Totally, 1.5 million fungal species estimated, of which less than 10 percent have been described to date. Recent advances in molecular biology as well as gene sequencing technologies facilitate the discovery and identification of new species in various groups of living organisms, especially fungi. Morphological methods do not have efficiency for the identification of fungal species, so, using new techniques based on DNA data has been considered in the rapid and accurate fungal species identification. DNA Barcoding is a new technique with several years’ backgrounds for detecting fungi and fungal like organisms. The Internal Transcribed Spacer in ribosomal RNA gene (ITS-rDNA) has been considered as a suitable barcode sequence. The efficacy of this region’s sequence data in most fungal groups has led to its use as a standard barcode by different mycologists. However, the ITS-rDNA region appears to be used as the primary barcode sequence for fungi of the genus or species group. The accurate species-specific identification is performed depending on the fungal group based on secondary barcodes. Due to the pleomorphic nature of fungi, the use of DNA barcoding is of importance. To date, hundreds of thousands of reference barcode sequences have been created for thousands of species of living organisms through DNA barcoding projects. The subsequent efforts of scientists are managing and automation of DNA barcoding in order to speed up the identification process. © 2020, Centenary University. All rights reserved.