Browsing by Author "Sendag, Sait"

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Anti-Müllerian Hormone: a Novel Biomarker for Detecting Bovine Freemartinism
(Wiley, 2024) Koca, Davut; Nak, Yavuz; Sendag, Sait; Nak, Deniz; Turgut, Ali Osman; Avcilar, Talha; Wehrend, Axel
The anti-M & uuml;llerian hormone (AMH) indicates ovarian reserve in cattle, maintaining a consistent trajectory post-puberty. In heterosexual pregnancies, the development of the M & uuml;llerian duct in female foetuses is inhibited, resulting in an anticipated minimal or absent ovarian reserve capacity. This investigation aimed to compare AMH levels in healthy Holstein heifers that had reached puberty with those of freemartin animals of the same breed and age. The study incorporated Holstein heifers reaching puberty between 11 and 15 months of age in Group 1 (G1, n = 20) and freemartin animals in Group 2 (G2, n = 19, 16). AMH measurements (AMH-1/AMH-2) were recorded at 12-day intervals for the study participants. Notably, AMH levels in three freemartin animals could not be detected, prompting statistical analysis based on measurements from the remaining 16 freemartin animals in G2. A statistically significant correlation was observed between two separate measurements in G1 and G2 (p < .001). Furthermore, AMH-1 and AMH-2 levels were statistically higher in G1 than in G2 (p < .001). In G1, AMH-1 levels ranged from 227 to 677 pg/mL, with an average of 367.3 +/- 25.5 pg/mL, and AMH-2 levels ranged from 234 to 645 pg/mL, with an average of 380.8 +/- 24.4 pg/mL. Conversely, in G2, AMH-1 levels ranged from 10 to 72 pg/mL, with an average of 26.8 +/- 4.44 pg/mL, and AMH-2 levels ranged from 12 to 68 pg/mL, with an average of 28.75 +/- 4.18 pg/mL. The mean AMH levels in G1 were approximately 14 times higher than in G2 (p < .001). Consequently, ROC analysis utilizing AMH-1 and AMH-2 data established cut-off values of <= 72 and <= 68 pg/mL respectively for distinguishing freemartin animals. In conclusion, AMH could be used as a reliable biomarker for identifying Holstein freemartin animals.
Concentrations of Nefa, Β-Hba, Triglycerides, and Certain Blood Metabolites in Healthy Colored Angora Goats During the Peripartum Period
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Eski, Funda; Tasal, Ibrahim; Karsli, Mehmet Akif; Sendag, Sait; Uslu, Baris Atalay; Wagner, Henrik; Wehrend, Axel
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid (beta-HBA), triglycerides, Ca, Na, and other metabolites (bilirubin, glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH)) in the blood of grazing, healthy goats at the time of parturition. Blood samples were taken weekly from the jugular vein of 11 goats, starting at week 2 antepartum (ap) until week 9 postpartum (pp). NEFA and beta-HBA concentrations increased from week 2 ap to 2 weeks pp. The increase in NEFA level was not significant; however, the beta-HBA levels were higher (P < 0.05) 2 weeks pp compared to the levels at 2 weeks ap. Triglycerides were recorded at maximum levels (P < 0.05) 2 weeks ap, with the lowest concentrations at 3 weeks pp. Bilirubin levels consistently increased up to 7 weeks pp, followed by a decrease. However, these changes were not significant. Similarly, GLDH activities increased until week 8 pp. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was recorded between the 1st week and 8th week pp. Ca and Na levels were lower during the 1st week pp and increased at 3 weeks pp. The results show that there are characteristic alterations of some metabolic blood parameters in goats around the time of parturition, which may be related to physiological changes.
Correlations Between Gestation Period and Age, Body Weight and Litter Size in Van Cats
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2009) Sendag, Sait; Alan, Muhammet; Eski, Funda; Goericke-Pesch, Sandra; Wehrend, Axel
The gestation period in Van cats is between 54 and 68 days, with high individual differences. Because of this variability, the date of birth cannot be predicted precisely, while the factors influencing the gestation period in Van cats have not been examined previously. The aim of this first study was to evaluate the influence of age, body weight of the dams and the litter size on the gestation period in Van cats. 28 Van cats aged one to nine years were used for this study. The body weight of the cats in the oestrus at the beginning of the study varied between 2.1-4.1 kg (3.1 +/- 0.6 Kg). The time from first mating until birth was regarded as being the gestation period. Correlations were determined between the duration of pregnancy and the age and body weight of the females as well as litter size. The mean duration of pregnancy in all 28 Van cats was 63.6 +/- 3.6 days (min. 54 days, max. 68 days) with a mean litter size of 3.4 +/- 1.3 kittens (min. 1, max. 6). No correlations could be found between the factors examined meaning that the duration of pregnancy does not depend on the age or body weight of the dams or on the litter size. It must be concluded that other factors may cause this high variability of pregnancy duration in Van cats and these still need to be investigated.
Diagnosis of Pregnancy and Estimation of Litter Size by Abdominal Palpation in Van Cats
(indian veterinary Journal, 2008) Cetin, Yunus; Sendag, Sait; Alan, Muhammet
Pet owners usually consult veterinarian in order to find out whether their pet is pregnant or not, and if pregnant, to learn the number of foetuses. In cats, pregnancy can be diagnosed by abdominal palpation (Mailhac, 1982), abdominal radiography (Boyd, 1971), and abdominal ultrasound (Davidson, et al, 1986). The present study has been designed to determine the reliability of the diagnosis of pregnancy by abdominal palpation, the intervals in the diagnosis of pregnancy, and the number of foetuses.
Effect of Flunixin Meglumine or Prostaglandin E2 Treatment 15 Days After Breeding on Fertility in Saanen Does
(Elsevier Science inc, 2014) Cetin, Yunus; Kocamuftuoglu, Mesih; Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Sendag, Sait; Wehrend, Axel
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of timely injections of flunixin meglumine (FM) or vaginal application of prostaglandin E2 (PgE(2)) on pregnancy, fertility, fecundity, and prolificacy rates in Saanen goats. One hundred and sixty-three nonlactating Saanen does were treated with a flugestone acetate (20 mg)-containing intravaginal sponge for 12 days. They also received eCG (400 IU) and a PGF(2 alpha) analogue (50 mu g) 10 days after progestagen priming. Does detected in estrus were mated and assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups. The PgE(2) group (N = 40) received PgE(2) (2.5 mg) intravaginally 15 days after mating. The FM group (N = 54) received flunixin meglumine (total dose, 100 mg) intramuscularly 15 days after mating. Flunixin meglumine was administered at 9:00 AM. Animals in the control group (N = 69) received no treatment. Pregnancy was diagnosed using transrectal ultrasonography (B-mode at 8 MHz) 30 days after mating. The pregnancy rate was significantly greater (P < 0.01) after 30 days in goats treated with PgE(2) and also in the control group than in those treated with FM (67.5%, 59.4%, and 42.5%, respectively). The pregnancy rate did not differ between the PgE(2) and the control group. The pregnancy and fertility rate were lowest in the FM group compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference in the prolificacy rate among experimental groups. In conclusion, our results showed that FM administration during a late luteal phase is detrimental to early pregnancy in goats. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effect of Spermvital® Technology on Conception Rate in Repeat Breeder Multiparous Dairy Cows: Preliminary Results
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Kocyigit, Alper; Uslu, Baris Atalay; Sendag, Sait; Treupel, Elisabeth; Wehrend, Axel
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SV technology on conception rates in repeat breeder multiparous dairy cows. Seventy-nine multiparous Holstein cows from a private dairy farm were used in the study. These animals were cows that had failed to conceive from at least 3 regularly spaced services (repeat breeders). Estrus cycles of the cows were synchronized by 2 injections of the PG analogue, administered 11 days apart. GnRH was applied 48 h after the second injection of PG. Twenty-four h after this administration, the animals were randomly divided into 2 groups, control and SV. The animals in the control group (n = 28) were inseminated with standard processed semen, and the cows in the SV group (n = 51) were inseminated with SV (R) technology processed semen. A lower pregnancy rate (35.5%) was determined in the control group than in the SV (47.1%) group. The difference between pregnancy rates in the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). We are at too early a stage to say that SV (R) Technology can fully respond to the deficiencies in herd management. This work may also lead to future studies into the use of more animal material.
Effects of Ecg and Fsh on Ovarian Response, Recovery Rate and Number and Quality of Oocytes Obtained by Ovum Pick-Up in Holstein Cows
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Sendag, Sait; Cetin, Yunus; Alan, Muhammet; Hadeler, Klaus-Gerd; Niemann, Heiner
The goal of the present study was to compare the ovarian response, oocyte yields per animal, and the morphological quality of oocytes collected by ultrasound guided follicular aspiration from Holstein cows treated either with FSH or eCG. Twenty four normal cyclic, German Holstein cows were randomly divided into two groups. Fourteen cows received 3000 IU eCG on day-4 prior to ovum pick-up (OPU) (day 0), 2 days later (day-2), 625 mu g cloprostenol was administered. On day-1 GnRH was administered i.m. and 24 It later OPU (day 0) was performed. In ten cows a total dose of 500 IU follicle stimulating hormone (Pluset) was administered intramuscularly in a constant dosage for 4 days with intervals of 12 h, starting on day-5. Luteolysis was induced by application of 625 mu g cloprostenol on day-2. On day-1 (24 h after the last FSH treatment) GnRH was administered i.m. and 24 h later OPU (day 0) was performed. Ovarian follicles were visualized on the ultrasound monitor, counted and recorded. All visible antral follicles were punctured. Recovered oocytes were graded morphologically based on the cumulus investment. Average follicle number in ovaries was higher in FSH group than eCG group (p < 0.05). Oocyte yields per animal did not differ between FSH and eCG groups. The proportion of grade A oocytes was higher in the FSH group in the than eCG group (p < 0.05). Likewise, rate of grade C oocytes in FSH group were lower than eCG group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that ovarian response, follicle number in ovaries and oocyte quality are affected by the type of gonadotropin and FSH is better alternative than eCG for OPU treatment. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of Long-Term Release Gnrh Agonist "deslorelin" on Testicular Hsp Expression, Accessory Sex Glands and Testicular Functions in Adult Male Rats
(Elsevier Science inc, 2019) Eski, Funda; Cetin, Nebi; Uslu, Sema; Uslu, Baris Atalay; Sendag, Sait; Yoruk, Mecit; Shakeel, Muhammad
The objective of the present was to determine the effect of long-term release GnRH agonists "deslorelin" on suppression and restoration of testicular and accessory sex glands functions, and expression of HSP in testes of adult male rats. A group of twenty-eight male rats and fifty-six female rats were kept for eleven months. The male rats were subdivided into treatment (n = 18; deslorelin, an analogue of GnRH, 4.7 mg, S.C; six months) and control (n = 10; untreated), and the adult female rats were introduced with either treatment or control male rats at the 2nd, 6th and 11th months post implant insertion. At 6th month of deslorelin implants insertion, six male rats from treatment and five rats from control group were sacrificed. The remaining (twelve treatment and five control) male rats were sacrificed at 11 months. The testicular dimension were measured monthly in both treatment and control rats. The blood samples were collected for testosterone and HSP70 antibody, whereas, the testes and accessory glands were isolated for histological examination at each sacrificial time. The results showed that testicular dimension were significantly lesser in treatment group until 9 months post treatment. HSP70 protein expression was negligible at 6 months in treatment group but its intensity increased in spermatids 11 months of treatment similar to control group. Significantly lower testosterone concentrations with poor semen quality, and smaller litter size were observed in treatment group. The histological picture of accessory sex glands and seminiferous tubules shown a variable integrity in treatment group than control at 6 months implant insertion. In conclusion, the subcutaneous application of 4.7 mg of the GnRH-analogue deslorelin represents a practicable, like in the female rats, method to suppress testicular, accessory sex glands functions, testicular HSP expression and fertility in male rats. Moreover, the suppressive effects of deslorelin, continued until 11th months after removal of the implant. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Effects of Oestrus Synchronisation Using Melatonin and Norgestomet Implants Followed by Ecg Injection Upon Reproductive Traits of Fat-Tailed Morkaraman Ewes During Suckling, Anoestrus Season
(Elsevier, 2012) Uslu, Baris Atalay; Tasal, Ibrahim; Gulyuz, Fetih; Sendag, Sait; Ucar, Omer; Goericke-Pesch, Sandra; Wehrend, Axel
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different oestrus synchronisation protocols using melatonin (MEL), norgestomet (NOR) and melatonin + norgestomet (MELNOR) treatments (further, all animals from the groups MEL, NOR and MELNOR were supplemented with equine chorionic gonadotropin, eCG) in fat-tailed Morkaraman ewes during the non-breeding season. Forty healthy suckling ewes were assigned, from mid-May onwards, randomly to one of four experimental groups. Ten ewes were assigned to the control group CON (n = 10) and received no treatments. Ten ewes were assigned to the MEL group (n = 10) receiving a subcutaneous melatonin ear implant for 35 days, followed by a 500 IU intramuscular (i.m.) injection of eCG. Ten ewes were assigned to the NOR group (n = 10) and received norgestomet implants placed subcutaneously in the ear for 10 days and followed by a 500 IU i.m. injections of eCG after removal of the implant. The last 10 ewes were assigned to the MELNOR group (n = 10) receiving a subcutaneous melatonin ear implant for 35 days plus a subcutaneous norgestomet ear implant, inserted on the 25th day of the melatonin implant, for 10 days. It was then followed by a 500 IU i.m. injection of eCG after removal of the norgestomet implant and by introduction of rams to the flock concurrently. Ewes exhibiting oestrous signs by 7 days were hand-mated with rams known to be fertile. Blood samples were collected at the time of first implantation (baseline), on day 35 (norgestomet implant removal and eCG injection) and when ewes expressed oestrus in order to determine plasma progesterone (P-4) concentrations. The values of oestrus response, onset of oestrus post-treatment, pregnancy/lambing rates and litter sizes were recorded. The results showed that the oestrus rates were identical for all synchronisation protocols (100%) and the oestrus rates (40 +/- 16.3%) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the control group. The onset of oestrus shortened slightly in the hormone-treated groups. The P-4 concentrations on the day of eCG injections (at the end of synchronisation) were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the hormone-treated groups (varying from 2.45 to 2.91 ng/ml) compared to the control group (0.45 ng/ml). Pregnancy/lambing rates were slightly higher in the synchronised groups (varied from 60 to 80%), compared to the control group. The results of oestrus synchronisation with melatonin and norgestomet ear implants (supplemented with the eCG) showed that: (i) an oestrus onset could be shortened significantly (P < 0.001) with melatonin and/or norgestomet, and (ii) significantly higher (P > 0.01) P-4 concentrations and higher lambing rates could be obtained in all hormone-treated ewes when compared to the un-treated Morkaraman ewes during the suckling (anoestrus) season. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone Concentrations Following Treatment With Vitamin D in Holstein Friesian Heifers
(Wiley, 2023) Koca, Davut; Nak, Yavuz; Sendag, Sait; Nak, Deniz; Avcilar, Talha; Sahin, Mustafa Eren; Wehrend, Axel
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in the blood of dairy cattle are associated with the count of antral follicles (AFC), ovarian function. Numerous studies, particularly in human medicine, have shown that vitamin D3 (Vit D3) has a positive effect on AMH levels. To our knowledge, the effects of Vit D3 on serum AMH levels in heifers have not been investigated. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the concentrations of serum AMH in dairy heifers following Vit D3 treatment. The study included 20 healthy non-pregnant Holstein Friesian heifers. These animals came to estrus at least once. All heifers received a single intramuscular dosage of 5 million IU Vit D3 (Cholecalciferol). Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal veins of all animals before and after Vit D3 injection (days 7, 14, and 28) for the measurement of AMH and 25(OH)D concentrations. In our analysis, we observed that after exogenous Vit D3 administration, circular 25(OH)D increased constantly (up to day 28 after Vit D3 injection) in all animals. On day 28, AMH concentrations saw a 10% increase in comparison with those measured the day before the Vit D3 injection. However, a comparison of AMH concentrations measured across days did not reveal statistically significant differences between Day 0, 7, 14, and 28 levels (p = .10). Furthermore, no statistical correlation was observed between the pairs (age-AMH) and (weight-AMH). Considering all times, no correlation was found between 25(OH)D and blood AMH levels. These findings demonstrated that exogenous Vit D3 did not affect serum AMH in Holstein Friesian heifers.
Induction of Oestrus With Norgestomet in Acyclic Post-Pubertal Holstein Heifers
(Natl veterinary Research inst, 2007) Cetin, Yunus; Uslu, Baris A.; Gungor, Orsan; Sendag, Sait
The study was carried out during April and May 2006, on thirty-eight 15 - 23-month-old Holstein heifers with inactive ovaries, which were selected from a private dairy herd with 300 heifers. The heifers were randomly distributed into two groups: norgestomet group (n=29), and a control group (n=9). In the norgestomet group, silicone ear implants containing 6 mg of norgestomet were implanted, and a solution containing 3 mg of norgestomet and 5 mg of oestradiol valerate was injected intramuscularly. The silicone implants were removed 11 d later, and the heifers were continuously observed for signs of oestrus for three days. The heifers were inseminated 48 and 78 h after the removal of the implants, and after the first insemination they were treated with 50 tg of GnRH analogue. The rate of the induced oestrus was 86.2% (25/29) and 0% (0/9) in norgestomet and control groups, respectively. The pregnancy rate was 48.2% (14/29) and 0% (0/9) in norgestomet and control groups, respectively. Our results showed that fertile oestrus can be stimulated successfully in post-pubertal heifers with inactive ovaries by a norgestomet treatment, and successful pregnancy rate can be obtained by a fixed-time insemination during this oestrus.
Investigation of Maternal Mortality and Stillbirth in Feline Dystocia After Emergency Obstetric Care Interventions: a Retrospective Analysis
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2025) Sendag, Sait; Hardegen, Doreen; Koca, Davut; Wehrend, Axel
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and success of emergency obstetric care interventions for feline dystocia and to analyse the effects of therapeutic interventions on maternal mortality and stillbirth.Methods This retrospective, observational study included 153 queens of various breeds and ages that presented to the clinic with dystocia. Anamnesis, signalment, physical examination, ultrasonography, radiography and subsequent intervention data were also collected. Differences in stillbirth rates between the treatment groups were evaluated using the chi 2 test. The mean litter size, mean duration of labour and number of stillbirths were calculated in each case. In addition, to obtain information on further breeding of dystocia patients, 51 queen owners were contacted by telephone.Results Medical treatment was successful in 17% of patients, and 83% underwent surgical treatment for dystocia. Ovariohysterectomy (59%) was the most common surgical method, followed by conservative caesarean section (35%). En bloc resection was performed in 6% of patients. A total of four (2.4%) queens died. Of 542 kittens from 153 deliveries, 210 (39%) were stillborn. Singleton pregnancies were associated with a high risk of difficult labour. Similarly, prolonged duration of labour increased the stillbirth rate. The fertility status of queens after caesarean section was assessed by interviewing 51 owners, 27 (53%) of whom provided information. Of these, 12 were mated again and nine successfully (they became pregnant with successful natural births in five).Conclusions and relevance Similar to previous studies, our data showed that medical management led to success in only a minority of cases. In addition, mortality data for emergency births under modern standardised treatment conditions were provided. Singleton pregnancy is a suspected risk factor for dystocia. Pregnancy after caesarean section is possible with natural unassisted birth.
Long Term Suppression of Oestrus and Prevention of Pregnancy by Deslorelin Implant in Rats
(Natl veterinary Research inst, 2011) Alkis, Ismet; Cetin, Yunus; Sendag, Sait; Wehrend, Axel
The experiments were designed to test the possibility to induce a down-regulation of pituitary GnRH-receptors and hence a suppression of oestrus by application of a long term deslorelin implant in female rats. Sixteen non pregnant female rats were randomly divided into two equal groups. The eight rats of the implant group (DESL) were subcutaneously implanted with long acting deslorelin implant, an analog of GnRH, at the dose of 4.7 mg, to inhibit oestrus. No treatment was applied to control group (CON). One adult male rat was added per cage of DESL and CON females after six weeks. Conceptions were diagnosed by inspection, palpation, and ultrasonography for one year. Conception rates were 0% and 100% in DESL group and CON group, respectively (P<0.001). An influence of the deslorelin insertion on the concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol - 17 beta was determined. Average hormone concentrations were statistically different between groups (P<0.01). In conclusion, the subcutaneous implantation of 4.7 mg of deslorelin is a practicable method for suppressing oestrus in rats. Further investigative studies will be required to determine upper time limit of down-regulation duration by deslorelin.
Methods for Evaluating Testicular Function in Domestic Cats
(Wiley, 2025) Homola, Stepanka; Sendag, Sait; Koca, Davut; Wehrend, Axel
This study aimed to describe the physiological sonomorphology of the cat testicle and to verify the findings by histological and endocrinological analyses. Furthermore, two methods of testicle measurement and volume calculation were compared. For the study, a clinical examination of the testicles was carried out in 39 cats. The testicles were measured with the Podany testimeter and using a sonographic examination. This was followed by a castration and histological examination of the testicle. The testosterone level was measured from a blood sample. The cat testicles showed a characteristic sonomorphology. The parenchyma was homogeneous, with a distinct echogenic mediastinum. The histological examination verified that there was spermatogenesis activity in testicular tissue. It was found that the testosterone concentrations varied greatly between the animals (0.1-4.40 ng/mL) although spermatogenesis was detected in all cats. Significant correlations were detected between right and left testicular volumes of the cats according to the measured values of sonography and Podany testimeter (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant and positive correlation between testosterone and testicular volume. Testosterone levels increase with increasing testicular volume according to the sonographic method (p < 0.05). With the help of the sonographic measurement, significantly higher testicular volumes are calculated than were compared with the measurement method with the Podany testimeter (p < 0.05). The present study is the first to provide detailed information and reliable data for the evaluation of the testicle size and volume in male cats as well as for sonomorphology, which can be used as comparison values for the andrological examination of this animal species.
Oestrogen and Progesterone Concentrations in Intrapartum Cows With Insufficient Cervix Dilation
(Wiley, 2024) Sendag, Sait; Koca, Davut; Arslan, Talha; Schuler, Gerhard; Wehrend, Axel
The cervix is an important organ that has to dilate sufficiently at delivery to allow the foetus to transition to extrauterine life. Insufficient dilatation of the cervix (IDC) is a frequent cause of dystocia in cattle. The mechanisms underlying cervical opening and the pathogenesis of IDC are still widely unclear. Systematic studies on the relationship between IDC and steroid hormones have been limited and have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to measure oestrogen and progesterone (P4) concentrations in intrapartum cows presented with dystocia due to IDC and in a comparison (C) group of cows with eutocic delivery. Before any obstetrical procedures, and right after the initial evaluation, blood samples were taken from IDC and C animals. Concentrations of P4, oestradiol-17 beta (E2), free total oestrogens (FTE) and conjugated total oestrogens (CTE) were measured by established radioimmunoassays. Concentrations of P4 (p = .538), FTE (p = .065) and CTE (p = .605) were not statistically different between C and IDC groups. However, E2 levels in group C were significantly lower when compared to those in the IDC group (p = .013), which is inconsistent with the function of oestrogens in cervical dilatation. The correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between the pairs P4 versus FTE, P4 versus E2 and FTE versus E2 in group C and between the pair FTE versus E2 in group IDC. In conclusion, the results suggest that local activities of steroids relevant to the aetiology of IDC are not reflected by concentrations in the systemic circulation or that other factors are clearly more important.
Postpartum Uterus Involution Observed by Real-Time Ultrasound Scanning and Vaginal Cytology in Van Cats
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2016) Sendag, Sait; Alan, Muhammet; Eski, Funda; Uslu, Sema; Uslu, Baris A.; Wehrend, Axel
Objectives The objective was to investigate postpartum uterus involution by real-time ultrasonography and vaginal cytology in Van cats. Methods This study included 15 healthy Van cats belonging to the Van Cat Research Centre (Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey). Starting 24 h postpartum, ultrasonographic measurements were performed on the placental and interplacental uterine horn regions every day. Decreases in the diameters and uterine content were considered as criteria for uterine involution. Vaginal discharge samples were collected every day for 4 weeks postpartum. The smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain. Results The average diameters of placental and interplacental regions (IPRs) in the uterine horns were 3.12 +/- 0.29 cm and 2.36 +/- 0.43 cm, respectively, at 24 h postpartum. Placental regions (PRs) shrank faster than IPRs. At 48 h postpartum, it became difficult to distinguish PRs from IPRs in the uterine horns. The uterine horns could be seen in the abdominal cavity up to 5.60 +/- 0.99 days postpartum. The mean of the last assessable diameter of the uterine horns from days 4 to 7 in all cats was 0.49 +/- 0.07 cm. The vaginal epithelial cells appeared to be under the effect of oestrogen for 4 weeks postpartum. Conclusions and relevance The morphological involution of the uterus completes, to a large extent, within the first 48 h postpartum in Van cats. A more detailed hormonal analysis would contribute greatly to the understanding of the physiological processes involved in this period. Although postpartum involution appeared complete by 5.60 +/- 0.99 days after parturition in Van cats, histological verification of this finding is needed.
Short-Acting Deslorelin Implant (Ovuplant®) Could Not Sufficiently Induce Fertile Cycles of Coloured Mohair Goats in Suckling (Anoestrous) Season
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2012) Uslu, Baris Atalay; Sendag, Sait; Tasal, Ibrahim; Gulyuz, Fetih; Ucar, Omer; Wehrend, Axel
It is known that the pituitary FSH and LH stores are dramatically depleted during the anoestrous in seasonal breeders. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of deslorelin implant (a GnRH analogue) to induce oestrus in suckling goats. Suckling goats (n=21) of coloured Mohair breed were randomly assigned into two trial groups: Goats in Group I (n=11, Ovuplant (R)) received subcutaneously the implant (2.1 mg deslorelin), while animals in Group II (n=10, control) received no treatment. Along with the implant administration, serum progesterone (P-4) concentrations were determined (every other day up to 12 d) by RIA method. Within 4 days of implant administration, there were significantly higher (P<0.001) rates (100%) of pro-oestrus signs (attractiveness without mating) in Group I, than those in controls (zero %). The signs sustained for 9 days without oestrus (mating) in the vast majority (10/11) of implant-treated animals. But, an exceptional goat was in receptive oestrus commenced from the third day following the onset of pro-oestrus. Even so, there was no pregnancy post-mating. The P-4 concentrations between the groups remained below 1 ng/ml, regardless of implant treatment. Findings suggest that; i) for the P-4 concentrations, there was no marked difference between implant-treated and control groups, as remaining below 1 ng/ml all, and ii) short-acting deslorelin implant could not induce fertile oestrus cycles in coloured Mohair goats during the suckling (anoestrous) season.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Age Related Influence on the Teat Canal and the Effect of This Influence on Milk Yield in Brown Swiss Cows
(Natl veterinary Research inst, 2008) Celik, Haci Ahmet; Aydin, Ibrahim; Colak, Mehmet; Sendag, Sait; Dinc, Dursun Ali
A total of 400 teat canals were investigated with a linear array ultrasound probe. The teat canal was observed as a hyperechogenic line at the tip of the teat. Twenty percent of the examined teat canals showed a crooked course, whereas in 80%, a linear course was observed. There was no statistically significant difference among teats of crooked teat canal and lateral aspects of teats. The mean length of teat canal was found to be 1 1.51 +/- 0.01 min. It was demonstrated that the length of the teat canal and milk yield were affected by the animals' age. The teat canals were the shortest in young cows and these cows showed the highest milk yield. On the other hand, older cows with the longest teat canals showed the least milk yield. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic examination was effective in teat canal imaging and morphological assessment. The observation of the location of the canal within teats and its course was essential.