Browsing by Author "Sipahioglu, H. M."

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Cherry Leafroll Virus in Juglans Regia in the Lake Van Basin of Turkey
(Springer, 2008) Ozturk, M. O.; Sipahioglu, H. M.; Ocak, M.; Usta, M.
Walnut orchards of the Lake Van basin (Turkey) were surveyed from June to October 2006 to determine the incidence of viral infections. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to investigate the presence of Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) and Plum pox virus (PPV), testing a total of 870 samples collected from traditional seed-grown plantations. Whereas no PPNT was detected in any of the samples, CLRV was found for the first time in the surveyed locations with an average incidence of 12.9%. Two viral isolates from Edremit were mechanically transmitted to Chenopodium amaranticolor in which they caused local chlorotic spots followed by development of small leaves and apical. necrosis. A 366 bp DNA fragment was amplified by RT-PCR from the 3' non-coding region of RNA-2 of both viral isolates and sequenced. Isolate Edremit-2 was 93-98% identical to the comparable sequences of other isolates for which information is available, whereas isolate Edremit-1 had a lower sequence identity (53-46%). The size of the coat protein subunits of both viral isolates was 52.4 kDa as determined by electropboresis.
The Effect of Gradient Temperature Pattern on Annealing Efficiency
(int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008) Ocak, M.; Sipahioglu, H. M.; Usta, M.
The specific complementary association due to hydrogen bonding of single stranded nucleic acids is referred to as annealing. Successful primer annealing is of critical importance in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this study, the effect of gradually increased and decreased annealing temperatures on PCR reactions were investigated. In the annealing tests, the isolates of Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV), Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) and Potato virus Y (PVY) were used as reference isolates. The effects of annealing temperature alterations were tested by nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (nested-RT-PCR) for PBNSPaV and RT-PCR for ApLV, ASSVd and PVY. The PCR products were analyzed and evaluated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Gradient temperatures (2 to 4 degrees C) below and above annealing temperature resulted in increased primer annealing by both methods. Higher gradients (8-12 degrees C) never resulted in appreciable yields of a unique PCR product, as the likelihood of primer annealing was reduced. Both high and low gradients of annealing temperature gave the yield in PCR reactions, confirming flexible nature of annealing temperature.
The Incidence of Prunus Necrotic Ringspot (Pnrsv) and Apple Chlorotic Leafspot (Aclsv) Viruses on Stone Fruits Grown in East Anatolia Region of Turkey
(int Soc Horticultural Science, 2006) Sipahioglu, H. M.; Baloglu, S.
A number of surveys were carried out in the main stone fruit growing areas of Malatya, Elazig, Igdir, Erzincan and Erzurum provinces of East Anatolia (Turkey) for the detection of Prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot (ACLSV) viruses. A total number of 1451 samples were tested by ELISA (1319 apricot, 97 cherry, 17 peach, 9 plum and 9 sour cherry). The presence of PNRSV and ACLSV was proved by ELISA and mechanical inoculations. ACLSV was detected on apricot, sweet cherry and peach but not on plum and sour cherry. The incidence of ACLSV infection in all species was 0.34%. PNRSV was detected on sweet cherry and peach but not on apricot, plum and sour cherry. The infection level of PNRSV was 0.27% on the tested stone fruits. Total infection ration of East Anatolia was determined as 0.82% induced by ACLSV and PNRSV. The sanitary status of stone fruits was satisfactory. Considering the total infection level of stone fruits tested, the East Anatolia was determined as the cleanest apricot culture area of the world.
A New Problem of Apricot: White Fleck
(int Soc Horticultural Science, 2006) Baloglu, S.; Yilmaz, M. A.; Sipahioglu, H. M.
Apricot is one of the most cultivated crop of stone fruits in Turkey. Malatya is particularly known as the most important apricot producer province both at national and international level. Before drying the apricot, sulphur is applied to the harvested fresh fruits in order to achieve the best coloration and protection from post harvest diseases and pests. In the course of this survey, a new problem has been identified, responsible in some cases for a 30 % yield loss. Following the sulphur application, white, round areas, fibrous in structure and slightly swollen, with a diameter ranging from 0.5 to 5 mm were observed on dried apricots. These symptoms are not visible before sulphur application. A series of tests, such as soil and leaf analysis, biological indexing and ELISA test for virus already known and not vet referenced in this region, and insect feeding trials, especially with sap sucking insects, were conducted for the determination of the origin of the syndrome. At the end of the trials the causal agent was determined as a sap-sucking insect, Aphodiphus amygdali (family: Pentatomidae). Investigations are still in course for the determination of other possible species of the family that can be responsible for such injury and loss.
Occurrence and Distribution of Stone Fruit Viruses and Viroids in Commercial Plantings of Prunus Species in Western Anatolia, Turkey
(Springer, 2007) Gumus, M.; Paylan, I. C.; Matic, S.; Myrta, A.; Sipahioglu, H. M.; Erkan, S.
Symptoms of virus and viroid infections have been observed during the last ten years in stone fruit crops, however, no relative incidences of virus and viroid diseases have been reported on stone fruit crops in western Anatolia, Turkey. Large-scale surveys were conducted from June to August between the years 2004 and 2006 in the main stone fruit growing orchards and mother blocks of western Anatolia to determine the seven most important virus and two important viroid affecting Prunus species. The results of serological (ELISA) and molecular (PCR and tissue-printing molecular hybridization) tests demonstrated the occurrence of Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (PBNSPaV), Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) in tested 1732 specimens of stone fruits. The overall infection level with these graft-transmissible agents was 30%. The results showed that PDV is predominant in stone fruit crops. To our knowledge, PBNSPaV was reported for the first time in western Anatolia. The results obtained in this study illustrate a need for certification or clean stock program to prevent the occurrence and the spread of graft transmissible agents in western Anatolia.
Occurrence of Cherry Green Ring Mottle Virus in Turkey
(Wiley, 2008) Sipahioglu, H. M.; Usta, M.; Ocak, M.
Viroid, Phytoplasma, and Fungal Diseases of Stone Fruit in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Sipahioglu, H. M.; Demir, S.; Myrta, A.; Al Rwahnih, M.; Polat, B.; Schena, L.; Minafra, A.
Stone fruit trees were surveyed from June to October (2003 and 2004) to determine the incidence of viroid, phytoplasma, and fungal diseases in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Molecular hybridisation test (tissue printing and dot-blot) was used to investigate the presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). A total of 16 trees out of 491 were positive for viroids. PLMVd was found in 15 peaches (Prunus persica) (3%) and a unique HSVd isolate was found only in an apricot (Prunus armeniaca) tree (0.1%). The average incidence of viroid infection was 3.2%. HSVd was detected for the first time in eastern Anatolia, whereas no PLMVd infection was encountered in the main apricot growing provinces (Malatya, Elazig). PCR analyses of the few symptomatic apricots for the presence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" were negative. Isolates of Armillaria mellea, Cytospora spp., Monilinia laxa, Stigmina carpophila, Chondrostereum purpureum, Fusarium spp., Rosellinia spp., and Phytophthora spp. were identified from symptomatic samples collected from the region.