Browsing by Author "Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo"

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Beneficial Effects of Ajuga Chamaepitys (L.) Schreber Subsp. Chia (Schreber) and Its Iridoids on the Colitis Model: Histopathological and Biochemical Evidence
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Ilhan, Mert; Karpuz, Busra; Tastan, Hakki; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo; Khan, Haroon
In Turkish folk medicine, aerial parts of Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreber subsp. chia (Schreber) are used for the treatment of diarrhea. The crude methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. chamaepitys subsp. chia was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts; n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous extracts. Effects of the methanol extract, subextracts and fractions were investigated in acetic acid-induced rat colitis model. The MeOH extract and n-BuOH subextract have regulated the caspase-3, myelopemxidase, TNF-alpha, IL-6 levels and antioxidant parameters. After confirmation of the activity against ulcerative colitis, n-BuOH subextract was subjected to more chromatographic separation for the isolation of compounds ajugoside (1), asperulosidic acid (2) and deacetyl-asperulosidic acid (3). As a conclusion, A. chamaepitys subsp. chia can be used in cell, tissue, or individual-specific treatments that will be developed in the future treatment of IBD, or as a complementary therapeutic agent that contributes to these treatments.
Insecticidal Activity Ofhyoscyamus Nigerl. Onlucilia Sericatacausing Myiasis
(Mdpi, 2020) Kupeli Akkol, Esra; Ilhan, Mert; Kozan, Esma; Guragac Dereli, Fatma Tugce; Sak, Mustafa; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo
Background:Hyoscyamus nigerL. (Solanaceae) generally known as henbane, is commonly distributed in Europe and Asia. In Turkey, henbane seeds have been used in folk medicine to remove worms from the eyes. The present study aimed to investigate the insecticidal activity ofH. nigerseeds. Methods:n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and alkaloid extracts were prepared from the seeds of the plant and their insecticidal activities onLucilia sericatalarvae were evaluated. EC(50)and EC(90)values of the alkaloid extract were calculated and morphological abnormalities were investigated. Results: Alkaloid extract prepared from the seeds of this plant displayed significant insecticidal activity. EC(50)values ofH. nigerseeds alkaloid extract were found to be 8.04, 8.49, 7.96 mu g/mL against first, second and third instar, respectively. It was determined that malformations of larvae included damaged larvae with small size, contraction and weak cuticle. Furthermore, HPLC analysis was performed on alkaloid extract ofH. nigerseeds and main components of the extract were determined. It was determined that alkaloid extract mainly contain hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Conclusions: These results confirm the folkloric usage of the plant and suggest that the alkaloid content of the plant could be responsible for the insecticidal activity.
The Investigation of the Potential Antidepressant-Like Activity of Xanthium Orientale Subsp. Italicum (Moretti) Greuter in Rodents
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2020) Dereli, Fatma Tugce Guragac; Ilhan, Mert; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo; Akkol, Esra Kupeli
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Ethnobotanical surveys revealed that Xanthium orientale subsp. italicum (Moretti) Greuter has been used against central nervous system disorders in Turkish folk medicine. The aim of the present study is to verify the folkloric assertion on this plant. The compounds responsible for the activity were investigated using bioassay-guided fractionation procedures. Materials and methods: The antidepressant activity of the aqueous, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) extracts; fractions and isolated compounds from active MeOH extract were evaluated by using the in vitro MAO inhibition assay and three different in vivo models namely forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and antagonism of tetrabenazine-induced ptosis, hypothermia, and suppression of locomotor activity. The results were compared with control and reference groups, and active compounds of the plant have been determined. Through the bioassay-guided fractionation procedures, two compounds were isolated from the active fraction and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. Results: The MeOH extract of the plant was found to possess antidepressant-like activity. This extract was then subjected to chromatographic techniques. Isolated sesquiterpene lactones were elucidated as xanthatin (1) and xanthinosin (2), which were responsible for the antidepressant-like activity. Conclusions: This study discovered the antidepressant potential of X. orientale subsp. italicum. Using bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation techniques, xanthatin (1) and xanthinosin (2) were determined as the main active components of the leaves.
Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Arctium Minus (Hill) Bernh.: a Potential Candidate as Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitor, and Cytotoxic Agent
(Mdpi, 2022) Ilgun, Selen; Karatoprak, Gokce Seker; Polat, Derya Cicek; Safak, Esra Kongul; Yildiz, Gulsum; Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo
Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh. (Asteraceae), which has a wide distribution area in Turkey, is a medicinally important plant. Eighty percent methanol extracts of the leaf, flower head, and root parts of A. minus were prepared and their sub-fractions were obtained. Spectrophotometric and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography) techniques were used to assess the phytochemical composition. The extracts were evaluated for antioxidant activity by diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical (DPPH?), 2,2 '-Azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(?+)) radical scavenging, and beta-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assays. Furthermore, the extracts were subjected to alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, lipoxygenase, and tyrosinase enzyme inhibition tests. The cytotoxic effects of extracts were investigated on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. The richest extract in terms of phenolic compounds was identified as the ethyl acetate sub-fraction of the root extract (364.37 +/- 7.18 mg(GAE)/g(extact)). Furthermore, chlorogenic acid (8.855 +/- 0.175%) and rutin (8.359 +/- 0.125%) were identified as the primary components in the leaves' ethyl acetate sub-fraction. According to all methods, it was observed that the extracts with the highest antioxidant activity were the flower and leaf ethyl acetate fractions. Additionally, ABTS radical scavenging activity of roots' ethyl acetate sub-fraction (2.51 +/- 0.09 mmol/L Trolox) was observed to be as effective as that of flower and leaf ethyl acetate fractions at 0.5 mg/mL. In the beta-carotene linoleic acid bleaching assay, leaves' methanol extract showed the highest antioxidant capacity (1422.47 +/- 76.85) at 30 min. The enzyme activity data showed that alpha-glucosidase enzyme inhibition of leaf dichloromethane extract was moderately high, with an 87.12 +/- 8.06% inhibition value. Lipoxygenase enzyme inhibition was weakly detected in all sub-fractions. Leaf methanol extract, leaf butanol, and root ethyl acetate sub-fractions showed 99% tyrosinase enzyme inhibition. Finally, it was discovered that dichloromethane extracts of leaves, roots, and flowers had high cytotoxic effects on the MDA-MB-231 cell line, with IC50 values of 21.39 +/- 2.43, 13.41 +/- 2.37, and 10.80 +/- 1.26 mu g/mL, respectively. The evaluation of the plant extracts in terms of several bioactivity tests revealed extremely positive outcomes. The data of this study, in which all parts of the plant were investigated in detail for the first time, offer promising results for future research.
Sedative and Anxiolytic Activities of Opuntia Ficus Indica (L.) Mill.: an Experimental Assessment in Mice
(Mdpi, 2020) Akkol, Esra Kupeli; Ilhan, Mert; Karpuz, Busra; Genc, Yasin; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo
Ethnobotanical field surveys revealed the use of fruits of Opuntia ficus indica (L.) Mill. for treating diabetes, burns, bronchial asthma, constipation, kidney stones, and rheumatic pains and as a sedative in Turkish folk medicine. This study aimed to verify the efficacy of the fruits of O. ficus indica experimentally and to define components responsible for the activity using bioassay-guided procedures. The crude methanolic extract of the fruits was sequentially fractionated into five subextracts: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Further experiments were carried out on the most active subextract, that is, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) subextract, which was further subjected to fractionation through successive column chromatographic applications on Sephadex LH-20. For activity assessment, each extract or fraction was submitted to bioassay systems; traction test, fireplace test, hole-board test, elevated plus-maze test, and open-field test were used for sedative and anxiolytic effects, and a thiopental-induced sleeping test was used for the hypnotic effect. Among the subextracts obtained from the methanolic extract, the EtOAc subextract showed significant sedative and anxiolytic effects in the bioassay systems. From the EtOAc subextract, major components were isolated, and their structures were determined as isorhamnetin, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside, and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside using spectral techniques. In conclusion, this study confirmed the claimed use of the plant against anxiety in Turkish folk medicine.
Sedative Effects of Latexes Obtained From Some Lactuca L. Species Growing in Turkey
(Mdpi, 2020) Ilgun, Selen; Akkol, Esra Kuepeli; Ilhan, Mert; Polat, Derya Cicek; Kilic, Ayse Baldemir; Coskun, Maksut; Sobarzo-Sanchez, Eduardo
Lactuca L. species belong to the Asteraceae family and these plants are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes around the world. The dried milky latex of L. serriola is known as "lettuce oil" and is used as a sedative in Turkey. This study aimed to evaluate the sedative effects and analyze the chemical compositions of latexes obtained from some Lactuca species growing in Turkey. The sedative effects were evaluated through various behavioral tests on mice. For this purpose, latexes were obtained from L. glareosa Boiss., L. viminea (L.) J. Presl and C. P, L. mulgedioides (Vis and Pani) Boiss. and Kotschy ex. Boiss., L. saligna L., and L. serriola L. The latex from L. saligna showed the highest sedative effects, whilst L. serriola and L. viminea latexes also displayed significant sedative effects compared to the control group at a dose of 100 mg/kg. However, the latexes from L. glareosa and L. mulqedioides did not exhibit any sedative effects on mice. Characteristic sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin, lactucopicrin, 11,13 beta-dihydrolactucin, and 11,13 beta-dihydrolactucopicrin) were determined qualitatively and quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lactucin was identified as the main component.