Browsing by Author "Sur, E"

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Efficacy of Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone in Reducing the Immunotoxicity of Aflatoxin in Growing Broilers
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2000) Celik, I; Oguz, H; Demet, Ö; Dönmez, HH; Boydak, M; Sur, E
1. Protective action of an enzyme-linked polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP, Mycofix(R) Plus) against the immunosuppressive effect of afatoxins (AF) was evaluated by determination of peripheral blood TP-lymphocyte proportions and splenic plasma cell counts. Histological changes in lymphoid organs were also investigated by light microscopy. One-d-old broiler chicks (Hybro) received 2.5 mg/kg diet AF (83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1), 1.12% AFG(2)) with or without PVPP (3 g/kg diet) until 21 d of age. 2. When compared with the controls, AF treatment significantly decreased peripheral T-lymphocyte counts. AF caused a slight decrease in splenic plasma cell counts. The addition of PVPP to an AF-containing diet significantly increased T-lymphocyte counts. Splenic plasma cell counts were numerically intermediate between control and AF groups. 3. The dietary addition of PVPP to AF-free diet did not significantly alter either T-lymphocyte or splenic plasma cell counts.
Embryotoxicity Assay of Aflatoxin Produced by Aspergillus Parasiticus Nrrl 2999
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2000) Celik, I; Oguz, H; Demet, Ö; Boydak, M; Dönmez, HH; Sur, E; Nizamlioglu, F
1. The embryotoxicity of mixed aflatoxins (AF) and aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) were evaluated by a modified chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST). Adverse effects on the early embryonic development of thymus and bursa of Fabricius were also investigated by light microscopy. AF consisted of 83.06% AFB(1), 12.98% AFB(2), 2.84% AFG(1) and 1.12% AFG(2). 2. A total of 448 fertilised laying hens' eggs were used. AF and AFB(1) were injected into the eggs at doses of 10, 100 and 1000 ng/egg. Embryonic developmental stages were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale (HH-scale). 3. The results showed that AFB(1) given at 10 ng/egg had a significantly (P<0.05) greater embryotoxic effect than AF given at a similar dose. The higher doses of both AF and AFB(1) caused higher embryonic mortality and also an increase in early deaths. 4. In the groups receiving 100 ng/egg AF and AFB(1) an abnormal development was seen, with a protruded central region, corresponding to the area pellucida of the blastoderm. No other developmental abnormality attributable to AF or AFB(1) was found.
A Light Microscopic Study on the Uptake and Transportation Route of Carbon Particles in the Canine Palatine Tonsil
(Ecole Nationale veterinaire Toulouse, 2001) Baykan, M; Celik, I; Gezici, M; Donmez, HH; Eken, E; Sur, E; Ozkan, Y
Uptake of carbon particles through the epithelium and their transportation route in the canine palatine tonsils were investigated by light microscopy. Reticular and non reticular regions were distinguished in both oral surface and crypt epithelium. Particle ingestion was peculiar to the reticular epithelium. The ingested material was first transported mainly in phagocytosed form to the subepitelial connective tissue and following into the deeper regions, to the bases of lymphoid follicles through the interfollicular tissue. Any free or phagocytosed particles were not observed at the germinal centers of the follicles. It was concluded that the tonsils might operate as a primary sampling area for restricted number of antigens which the animal is exposed. On the other hand, they may contribute to the common mucosal immune system via trafficking of both antigen primed lymphocytes and antigen phagocytosed macrophages those were frequently observed in the luminae of venous and lymphatic sinuses, located at the center of the tonsil.