Browsing by Author "Tarakci, Zekai"

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Antibacterial Activities of Allium Vineale, Chaerophyllum Macropodum and Prangos Ferulacea
(Academic Journals, 2006) Durmaz, Hisamettin; Sagun, Emrullah; Tarakci, Zekai; Ozgokce, Fevzi
Allium vineale L., Chaerophyllum macropodum Boiss. and Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. have been used for cheese production in Turkiye for many centuries. In addition, it is traditionally believed by local people that these plants have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of these plants. Four solvent extracts (in methanol, ethanol, n-hexane and water) of the plants were investigated against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium by using disc diffusion method. The methanol, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of all the plants showed antibacterial activity against B. cereus, B. subtilis, M. luteus and S. aureus, while the methanol extract of Allium vineale was also active against P. mirabilis. However, the water extracts of these plants had no antibacterial activity against any of the bacteria tested. The methanol extracts had the higher activity followed by the extracts of ethanol and n-hexane. A. vineale showed the higher antibacterial activity as compared with C. macropodum and P. ferulacea. As a result, organic solvent extracts (especially methanol and ethanol extracts) of these plants can be used as natural antibacterial additives for incorporation in cheese and various food products.
Antibacterial Activities of the Extracts of Some Herbs Used in Turkish Herby Cheese Against Listeria Monocytogenes Serovars
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2006) Sagun, Emrullah; Durmaz, Hisamettin; Tarakci, Zekai; Sagdic, Osman
In this study, antimicrobial activities of the four different extracts (in methanol, ethanol, n-hexane and water) of some herbs including Allium vineale, Chaerophyllum macropodum and Prangos ferulacea were investigated against Listeria monocytogenes serovars 1/2b, 4b, and 4ab. For many centuries, these herbs were used in food production in Turkey. While water extracts of all the plants did not show any antibacterial activity, the other extracts of these plants showed variable degrees of antibacterial activity against L. monocytogenes serovars tested. The extracts of Allium vineale showed higher antibacterial activity than the other plants. The methanol extracts of all the plants exhibited higher activity than the ethanol and n-hexane extracts. L. monocytogenes 4ab was the most sensitive serovar to extracts of these plants. The results indicated that the methanol and ethanol extracts of these plants displayed remarkable activity against L. monocytogenes serovars and therefore, they could be used as natural anti-Listeria monocytogenes additives in herby cheese.
The Contribution of Herbs To the Accumulation of Histamine in "otlu" Cheese
(Wiley, 2006) Ekici, Kamil; Coskun, Hayri; Tarakci, Zekai; Ondul, Eda; Sekeroglu, Ramazan
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herbs and the use of raw milk on histamine accumulation in "Otlu" (Herby) cheese during ripening. Cow's milk was used for the cheese production. The milk was divided into two main groups: one was used raw and the other was pasteurized at 65C for 30 min. Each group was further divided into two subparts, one of which was used as control (without herbs), while 2% (w/v) of the herbs were added into the other to produce Herby cheese. All cheeses were ripened at 7C for 90 days. The cheese samples were analyzed in terms of histamine content, titratable acidity, dry matter, salt and degree of ripening on days 5, 30, 60 and 90. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) were also counted during ripening. The use of raw milk and the addition of herb both increased histamine formation in Otlu cheeses (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher water-soluble nitrogen values, as degree of ripening, were obtained from both raw milk and herb-added cheeses. The number of MAB was higher in raw cheeses (P < 0.05) and also herb-added cheeses. The study suggests that the addition of herbs may facilitate histamine formation in Herby cheese.
The Effect of Adjunct Cultures on Some Chemical and Biochemical Properties of White-Brined Cheese
(Wiley-blackwell, 2008) Tarakci, Zekai; Tuncturk, Yusuf
The influence of different adjunct cultures on some of the chemical and biochemical properties of white-brined cheese was investigated. Four batches of cheese were produced: C, with no added adjuncts, containing only cheese culture (Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis plus Lc. lactis ssp. cremoris); CY, containing C culture plus yogurt. culture (Streptococcus thermophilus + Lb. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus); CH, containing C culture plus Lactobacillus helveticus; and CYH, containing all of them. Analyses were carried out on days 2, 30, 60 and 90 of ripening. It was found that the addition of different adjunct starters to the cheese influenced (P < 0.01) the chemical composition significantly, except salt contents (P > 0.05). Total solids, protein, fat and pH values were higher in C cheese than the others. On the other hand, titratable acidity of C and CY cheeses was lower than that of CH and CYH cheeses. Although the lipolysis (acid degree value), water-soluble nitrogen (WSN) and trichloroacetic acid-soluble nitrogen (TCA-SN) values of cheeses were affected significantly (P < 0.01) from these treatments, no significant differences exist (P > 0.05) among phosphotungstic acid-soluble nitrogen values. Cheeses made with CYH culture had the highest lipolysis, WSN and TCA-SN. Degradation rates of alpha(sl)- and beta-casein were higher in CYH cheese followed by CY CH and C cheeses. Also, breakdown products of casein were higher in CY, CH and CYH cheeses compared with the control cheese. The amounts of alpha(sl)- and beta-caseins of all cheese samples decreased continuously during the ripening period, while the amounts of alpha(sl)-I casein and other breakdown products increased.
Effects of Packaging Materials and Filling Methods on Selected Characteristics of Otlu (Herby) Cheese
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2009) Tarakci, Zekai; Akyuz, Nurhan
In this research, two kinds of filling methods (block and pieced) in two container types (pot and plastic) were used for the preparation of Otlu cheeses. The uses of different containers influenced (P 0.01) acidity, pH, dry matter, fat contents and water soluble nitrogen. Degradation of s1- and -casein were higher in pieced cheeses in pot (P1F2). Also, breakdown products of casein were higher in P1F2 cheeses compared to others. The amounts of s1- and -caseins of all treatments decreased during ripening, while the amounts of s1-I casein and breakdown products increased. The acceptability of cheeses in block form was higher.