Browsing by Author "Tekin, Y."

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Comparison of Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid Levels of Adrenomedullin and Human Beta Defensins 1 and 2 From Mandibular Implants With Different Implant Stability Quotient Levels in Nonsmoker Patients
(Wiley, 2014) Ertugrul, A. S.; Tekin, Y.; Alpaslan, N. Z.; Bozoglan, A.; Sahin, H.; Dikilitas, A.
Background and Objective: To achieve satisfactory osseointegration, primary stability and healthy peri-implant tissue must be available. In this study, our objective was to compare the adrenomedullin, human beta-defensin (hBD)-1 and hBD-2 levels in implants with different implant stability quotient (ISQ) values and with different peri-implant tissue health values in the peri-implant crevicular fluid. Material and Methods: Thirty patients with 60 endosseous osseointegrated implants were included in this study. Following the completion of the osseointegration process, these implants were divided into two main groups: a group of 15 implants with peri-implantitis (peri-implantitis: 40 <= ISQ <= 80 peri-implantitis, n = 15) and a group of 45 implants with healthy peri-implant tissue. The healthy peri-implant tissue group was further divided into three subgroups according to their ISQ values (Healthy-60: 60 <= ISQ <= 70, healthy peri-implant, n = 15; Healthy-80: 71 <= ISQ <= 80, healthy peri-implant, n = 15; and Healthy-100: 81 <= ISQ <= 100, healthy peri-implant, n = 15). The levels of adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 in the peri-implant crevicular fluid were assessed using ELISAs. Results: When the peri-implant clinical measurements were compared within groups, they were found to be highest in the peri-implantitis group and lowest in the Healthy-100 group. The adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of the peri-implantitis group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Healthy-60, Healthy-80 and Healthy-100 groups. When only the healthy peri-implant tissue groups were evaluated, the adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels in the peri-implant crevicular fluid of the Healthy-60 group were found to be significantly higher than those in the Healthy-80 and Healthy-100 groups. The lowest adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels were observed in the Healthy-100 group. Conclusion: In cases of peri-implantitis, higher adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels were observed. These results indicate the presence of a tissue response to prevent the creation of a pathological environment in the peri-implant tissue. In groups with healthy peri-implant tissues, the ISQ value decreases as the adrenomedullin, hBD-1 and hBD-2 levels increase. This condition is thought to be caused by increased dental plaque accumulation and bone resorption in addition to increased lateral implant movements and colonization of microorganisms in the microcavities between the implant elements.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Human Beta-Defensin and Cathelicidin in Smoker and Non-Smoker Patients: a Cross-Sectional Study
(Wiley, 2014) Ertugrul, A. S.; Sahin, H.; Dikilitas, A.; Alpaslan, N. Z.; Bozoglan, A.; Tekin, Y.
Background and Objective Cathelicidin (LL-37) and human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) are antimicrobial peptides that have additional functions in innate immunity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the following patient groups: non-smoker patients with gingivitis (G), smoker patients with gingivitis (SG), non-smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and smoker patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (SAgP). Material and Methods A total of 80 patients, including 20 G, 20 SG, 20 AgP and 20 SAgP were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal parameters, including periodontal status were assessed by measuring bleeding on probing, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were done to quantify LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. Results Clinical periodontal parameters were found to have no statistically significant differences between the SAgP and AgP groups or between the SG and G groups. LL-37 and hBD-2 levels were significantly lower in G patients than in other groups. LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of SAgP patients were significantly higher than in other groups. LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in SG patients were also significantly higher than in G patients. Conclusions Epithelial cells in contact with microorganisms release LL-37 and hBD-2 to eliminate them. The release response of LL-37 and hBD-2 formed against microorganisms can change depending on factors such as smoking, which activates the nicotinic receptors present on epithelial surfaces. This interaction can increase the release of LL-37 and hBD-2. Smoking may also affect the capillary tissues and reduce leukocytic chemotaxis. The increased number of colonized microorganisms may lead to higher levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 release in the tissues of smokers than in non-smokers.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid Levels of Human Beta-Defensins 1 and 3 in Subjects With Periodontitis And/Or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Cross-Sectional Study
(Wiley, 2013) Ertugrul, A. S.; Dikilitas, A.; Sahin, H.; Alpaslan, N.; Bozoglan, A.; Tekin, Y.
Background and Objective Human -defensins (hBDs) have a strong antibacterial action against various microorganisms, especially periodontal pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare the total levels of hBD-1 and hBD-3 in the gingival crevicular fluid of healthy patients with gingivitis (HG), healthy patients with chronic periodontitis (HP), patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and gingivitis (DM2G) and patients with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis (DM2P). Material and Methods A total of 80 patients were included: 20 HG, 20 HP, 20 DM2G and 20 DM2P. The levels of hBD-1 and hBD-3 in gingival crevicular fluid were measured using ELISA. Results The DM2P group had significantly higher periodontal clinical parameters at sites from which gingival crevicular fluid was collected compared with the other groups. The HG group had significantly lower periodontal clinical parameters within the gingival crevicular fluid-collected sites than did the HP, DM2G and DM2P groups. The gingival crevicular fluid of the DM2P group had significantly higher levels of total hBD-1 and hBD-3 than did that of the other groups; the hBD-1 and hBD-3 levels were significantly higher in the gingival crevicular fluid of the DM2G group than in that of the the non-DM type 2 groups (HG and HP). The gingival crevicular fluid of the HP group had significantly higher levels of total hBD-1 and hBD-3 in comparison with that of the HG group. Conclusion As a result of the observed vascular and cell activity changes that occur within patients diagnosed with DM, periodontal diseases become more severe. These changes hinder the migration and the ability of chemotactic factors and leukocytes to protect periodontal tissues from the effects of microorganisms. In order to eliminate microorganisms, the epithelial cells in patients with DM may release more hBD-1 and hBD-3 into the gingival crevicular fluid. Determining the amount of hBD-1 and hBD-3 in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with and without DM will help to elucidate the relationship among hBD-1, hBD-3, DM and periodontal disease.