Browsing by Author "Tonbul, Saadettin"
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Article Başkale Havzası’nda Havza Gelişiminin Jeomorfometrik Analizlerle İncelenmesi(2019) Tonbul, Saadettin; Zorer, HalılBaşkale Havzası Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin güneydoğusunda yer alır. Başkale Havzası, 2500 m ortalamayükseltiye ve 2082 km2’lik alana sahip büyük ve yüksek bir havzadır. Havzanın günümüz morfolojisinikazanmasında tektonik süreçlerin rolü büyüktür. Zap Suyu’nun en kuzey kolu olan Çığlı Suyu tarafından dreneedilen havza engebeli bir araziye sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Başkale Havzası’nın sahip olduğu jeomorfik havzaözellikleri nicel olarak incelenmiştir. Neotektoniğin etkin olarak gözlemlendiği bölgede inceleme alanı önemlibilgiler içermektedir. İnceleme alanı Başkale Fay Kuşağı denetiminde gelişmiş çek-ayır oluşumlu bir havzadır.Sahip olduğu jeomorfolojik özellikler açısından havzada profil, yükselti, eğim analizleri yapılmıştır. Havzanınoluşum ve gelişimini açıklamayı desteklemek amacıyla, havza drenaj asimetrisi, havza asimetrisi, havzarölyefi, rölyef oranı, dağ önü sinüslülük oranı, hipsometrik eğri ve hipsometrik integral indisleri uygulanmıştır.Havzadaki tektonizmanın deformasyon etkisi, yapılan nicel incelemelerle ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.Yapılan araştırma sonucunda Başkale Havzası’nın yüksek, engebeli, çok eğimli bir araziye sahip olduğu,bununla birlikte havzanın maruz kaldığı tektonik aktiviteyle asimetrik bir havza morfolojisine kavuştuğugörülmüştür. Ayrıca havzanın sahip olduğu güçlü tektonik aktivite havzanın batısı ile doğusu ve kuzeyi ilegüneyi arasında farklı jeomorfolojik oluşumlara sebep olmuştur. Bu durum dolayısıyla havza morfometrisinide etkilemektedir.Conference Object Closed Basins in the Eastern Lake Van in the Plio-Quaternary; Environment Conditions and Geomorphological Developments(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2019) Zorer, Halil; Tonbul, SaadettinLake Van, which is one of the important lakes in the world, is located in Eastern Anatolia. The lake, which is formed geomorphologically by neotectonic processes, is surrounded by the Ihtiyar Sahap Mountains, the eastern extension of the Taurus orogenic belt in the south, and bounded by high volcanic mountains in the north and west. The Van Lake basin, which has no outflow, is a closed basin. The Van Lake Closed Basin, which covers a large area of approximately 12500 km(2), is fed by many large and small streams. However, the lake is mainly fed by three major streams (Bendimahi, Engil and Karasu). These three streams are in the form of bowl-shaped plains. These depressions are connected to the river valleys by grabbing throats. These depressions, which are independently closed basins in the Plio-Quaternary, also differ in terms of their environmental characteristics from the Lake Van closed basin. These closed small basins in the east of Lake Van were captured by the rivers in the Quaternary and joined the Lake Van Basin. Tectonism-related faulting was supported by the grabbing. By investigating the geomorphological developments and environmental characteristics of these depressions, which form the upper ground of the river basins, comparisons were made and the differences were revealed.Article Geomorphic Characteristics and Morphotectonic Evolution of Karst Depressions on Mount Engizek (Kahramanmaras, Eastern Taurus Mountains)(TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 2025) Seven, Mutlu; Ozturk, Yahya; Gurgoze, Serkan; Ege, Ismail; Tonbul, SaadettinKarst plateaus are generally characterized by a dense distribution ofsolution dolines, and the morphometric properties of these dolines can be utilized to determine the morphotectonic characteristics ofkarst plateaus. This study investigated the interrelation between the spatial distribution and morphometric features of karstic depressions on Mount Engizek and the broader morphotectonic evolution of the region. Using topographic maps, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, and satellite imagery, a total of 872 karstic depressions (dolines and uvalas) were identified within the mountainous terrain. These depressions were digitized into numerical data by delineating polygons, and their associations with morphotectonic processes were analyzed. In this context, rose diagrams were generated to determine the correspondence between the long-axis orientations of the karstic depressions and structural elements. Morphometric analyses revealed that the average length of the karstic depressions on Mount Engizek is 62 m, while their average width is 41 m, and their approximate surface area is 2,884 m(2). The average elevation of the depressions was calculated as 2,106 m, with an average slope of 12 degrees. Additionally, the mean depth of the depressions was determined to be 8.3 m, and it was found that the area contains an average of five karstic depressions per km(2). The orientation of the mountain follows a NE-SW trend, consistent with NW-SE compression. The morphotectonic evolution of the massif, which shares the same structural trends as the thrust and fold systems within the region, exhibits a structural framework that governs karst processes, as observed throughout the Taurus Mountains. The karstic depressions distributed parallel to the long axis of the summit plateau largely developed under the control of tectono-structural factors. The observed relationship between discontinuity surfaces-such as longitudinal fractures oriented perpendicular to the compression axis and transverse fractures aligned with it-and the development of karstic depressions further substantiates this interpretation.