Browsing by Author "Tuncer, Oguz"

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A 3-Day Boy With a Right Preauricular Swelling
(Springer, 2010) Akgun, Cihangir; Peker, Erdal; Akbayram, Sinan; Dogan, Murat; Tuncer, Oguz; Kirimi, Ercan
A 3-day-old boy was admitted for right preauricular swelling. Examination showed a toxic looking neonate with poor neonatal reflexes. There was erythema and swelling of 4 x 3 cm at the level of the right cheek. Laboratory investigation pointed to a bacterial infection. With parenteral antibiotics, the lesion resolved completely.
Brachial Plexus Paralysis Due To Giant Cavernous Hemangioma With Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome: Successful Management With Interferon Alpha
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Peker, Erdal; Kirimi, Ercan; Tuncer, Oguz; Ceylan, Abdullah; Oner, Ahmet F.
Giant hemangiomas are rare in newborn babies and may cause some life-threatening complications such as congestive heart failure and coagulopathies including severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and bleeding such as Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. We have presented here one infant case with a right lower brachial plexus paralysis due to giant hemangioma treated successfully with interferon alpha and have discussed the treatment. This is the first case of Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with a right lower brachial plexus paralysis treated with interferon in the literature to our knowledge. The administration of interferon-alpha might be indicated as a therapy for severe, life-threatening and giant hemangiomas such as Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, especially when there is resistance to steroid. However, more extensive data and new patients are needed to clarify this issue.
A Case of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis With Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
(Duzce Univ, 2013) Akgun, Cihangir; Kaya, Avni; Akbayram, Sinan; Tuncer, Oguz; Okur, Mesut; ArsIan, Sukru; Ozen, Suleyman
Henoch-Schonlein purpura is the most common vasculitis in childhood with the pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A deposition in small-vessel wall. As the end-organ vasculature involved, this disease is characterized by palpable purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis, and renal disease. Renal involvement may present with isolated haematuria and/or proteinuria from mild to severe as nephrotic levels. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is the most common cause of chronic glomerulonephritis in older children and young adults and also one of the major causes of nephrotic syndrome. In this case, we reported the concurrent of leukocytoclastic vasculitis with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
A Child With Incomplete Kluver-Bucy Syndrome Developed During Acute Encephalitis
(Elsevier Science inc, 2008) Yilmaz, Cahide; Cemak, Fatma; Guven, Ahmet Sami; Caksen, Hueseyin; Atas, Buelent; Tuncer, Oguz
Clinical and Laboratory Findings of Paediatric Patients With Brucellosis
(Galenos Yayincilik, 2021) Karaman, Serap; Bitkin, Eda Celebi; Sonmez, Bulent; Basaranoglu, Murat; Karaman, Kamuran; Tuncer, Oguz
Objective: Brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonotic disease transmitted via unpasteurised milk and dairy products from infected animals. This study aimed to evaluate paediatric patients treated for brucellosis and followed for 2 years. Materials and Methods: The records of 73 patients with childhood brucellosis who had undergone treatment and follow-up for 2 years were retrospectively evaluated. Results: The patient age ranged from 1 to 14 years, with 39 boys (53%) and 34 girls (47%). Fever (94%) was the first common symptom. Other symptoms, in the order of frequency, were myalgia (80%), arthralgia (75%), fatigue (38%) and anorexia (33%). Complications included sacroiliitis (12%), hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (4%), epididymo-orchitis (1.3%), focal abscess (1.3 %) and meningitis (1.3%). Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and lymphadenopathy (24%, 33% and 5%, respectively) were also reported. Moreover, 18% of the patients had hepatosplenomegaly at initial admission. Dermatological involvement revealed maculopapular rash in 4.1% and petechial rash in 9.6% of patients. Body weight loss was observed in 14% of the cases. In addition, 76.3% and 23.7% of the patients had acute and sub-acute forms, respectively. Conclusion: Brucellosis can display several different clinical presentations. This diversity can lead to diagnostic delay. In settlements where the disease is common, patients with fever and joint pain should be treated early and the disease should be ruled out.
Clinical Manifestations and Laboratory Findings of 496 Children With Brucellosis in Van, Turkey
(Wiley, 2015) Parlak, Mehmet; Akbayram, Sinan; Dogan, Murat; Tuncer, Oguz; Bayram, Yasemin; Ceylan, Nesrin; Oner, Abdurrahman
BackgroundBrucellosis is the most common zoonotic disease worldwide and remains an important human disease especially in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of childhood brucellosis in Van province of Eastern Turkey. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of childhood brucellosis reported in the literature. MethodsIn this retrospective study, 496 children with brucellosis were assessed for the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings from July 2009 through December 2013. The diagnosis of brucellosis was based on clinical findings and a standard tube agglutination test (titer 1:160). Data were analyzed using Minitab version 16. ResultsThe study included 496 children (boys, 60.5%) with a mean age of 10.03.95 years (range, 1-16 years). The most frequent clinical symptoms were arthralgia (46.2%), fever (32.1%), and abdominal pain (17.1%) and the most common clinical signs were peripheral arthritis (10.1%), splenomegaly (2.2%) and hepatomegaly (1.8%). The most contagious seasons were summer and autumn (63.3%). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were reported in 63.1%, 58.7%, and 55.2% of the patients, respectively. Anemia (20.4%), thrombocytopenia (15.5%), and leukopenia (12.1%) were the most common hematologic findings. ConclusionsBrucellosis remains a serious public health problem in Turkey. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of childhood brucellosis have been described in order to assist clinicians in diagnosing and monitoring the disease.
Comparison of Pulse Oxymeter and Cerebral Oxymeter Values in Healthy Newborns in the First Five Minutes of Life
(Nobel Ilac, 2015) Taskin, Gokmen A.; Kaya, Avni; Sal, Ertan; Ustyol, Lokman; Peker, Erdal; Tuncer, Oguz; Kirimi, Ercan
Objective: Practical approaches in delivery rooms have been discussed about oxygen usage in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to correlate preductal arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), heart rate per minute and serebral oxygen saturation (SbO2) values of first five minutes of life and to try the pulse oxymeter (PO) and cerebral oxymeter (SO) usage practice in delivery room. Material and Method: A hundred healthy term uncomplicated newborn babies, who were born via normally spontan vaginal route, were included in the study. SpO(2), SbO2, heart rate measurements and blood gase analysis of first five minutes of postnatal life were completed. Babies, who needed oxygen during measurements, were not taken in to the study.. Results: While postnatal 1st minute SpO(2) value was 83.0 +/- 4.4 (74-94)%; at 5th minute these measurements reached to 92.9 +/- 3.5 (85-98)% with gradually increment. Except values of 4(th) and 5(th) minutes; SpO(2) values were found statistically significant high with each other (p<0.05). At SbO2 measurements, suitable data was taken from 100% of the babies in first minute of life. While postnatal mean SbO2 value of the first minute was 48.9 +/- 9.9 (32-74)%; these measurements were reached to 69.9 +/- 9.5 (46-89)% at 5th minute gradually increment as like as SpO2 values. Conclusion: SO is complementary to PO in delivery room and can be used routinely. It was seen also in our study; oxygen need of newborns can be determined faster and more accurately with SO use in delivery room so unnecessary oxygen usage and its potential risks can be avoided..
A Confusing Coincidence: Neonatal Hypoglycemic Seizures and Hyperekplexia
(Hindawi Ltd, 2014) Demir, Nihat; Dogan, Murat; Yilmaz, Sanem; Peker, Erdal; Bulan, Keziban; Tuncer, Oguz
Hyperekplexia is a rare, nonepileptic, genetic, or sporadic neurologic disorder characterized by startle responses to acoustic, optic, or tactile stimuli. Genetic defects in glycine receptors as well as encephalitis, tumors, inflammation, and disgenesis are among the etiologic causes of the disease. The main problem in hyperekplexia is the incomplete development of inhibitory mechanisms or exaggerated stimulation of excitatory mediators. Hyperekplexia is often confused with epileptic seizures. Here we present a case with hypoglycemic convulsions coexisting with hyperekplexia, causing diagnostic difficulty.
Congenital Hyperinsulinism: a Novel Mutation in the Kcnj11 Gene
(E S Burioni Ricerche Bibliografiche, 2017) Bala, Keziban Asli; Demir, Nihat; Tuncer, Oguz; Kocaman, Selami; Flanagan, Sarah E.
Introduction Hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of both transient and persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. Hyperinsulinism due to mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium channel encoded by the KCNJ11 and ABCC8 genes cause the most common and severe form of hyperinsulinism. Herein, we present a case of congenital hyperinsulinism in which a novel KCNJ11 mutation was identified. Case report An eight-day-old boy with a birth weight of 4,550 g born to a 32-year-old female with diabetes mellitus was transferred to our clinic with the diagnoses of respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease and hypoglycemia. A diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism was made based on the presence of elevated serum insulin levels (109 mu IU/mL [2.6-24]) during hypoglycemia. Levels of serum growth hormone, cortisol, ammonium, and lactate were normal. Metabolic screening tests for blood and urine ketones and fatty acid oxidation defects were found to be normal. Glucose infusion (14 mg/kg/min), glucagon infusion, and diazoxide were initiated based on the diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia; however, glycemic control was only achieved after the addition of octreotide and nifedipine. There were no abnormal findings in sonography and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging. Molecular diagnosis ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutation analyses was performed on the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood. A novel homozygous missense mutation (p.E126K) was detected in KCNJ11 confirming the diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism. Conclusion A novel homozygous missense mutation (p.E126K) was detected in our case, which resulted in hyperinsulinism.
Dna-Positive, Igm-Negative Symptomatic Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Two Case Reports
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Kirimi, Ercan; Peker, Erdal; Tuncer, Oguz; Ozkan, Mustafa; Ozmen, Berfin; Ceylan, Abdullah
The characteristics of two newborns that had clinical symptoms of congenital cytomegalovirus have been presented here, whose CMV-DNA was found to be positive by the PCR method, despite serological analysis being negative for CMV IgM. In conclusion, when congenital CMV infection is suspected in newborns, it should not be forgotten that the sensitivity of serological CMV IgM assay is 70% and other methods such as CMV-DNA analysis should be performed in case of negative test results.
Effects of X-Ray Application on Infertility in New-Born Rats
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Cibuk, Salih; Mert, Handan; Mert, Nihat; Tuncer, Oguz; Altindag, Fikret; Karaman, Kamuran; Meydan, Ismet
In this study, the effect of early X-ray exposure on infertility was investigated by creating a newborn model with rats. Fifteen Pregnant rats were divided into five groups. After birth, the study was continued with 12 babies (6 males, 6 females) rat in each group. Different amounts of X-rays were applied to the experimental groups. At the end of the experiment, there was found that testosterone levels decreased in all experimental groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). When the experimental groups were compared to the control group, there was a decrease in the number of spermatogoniums from all the experimental groups. The decrease in group II, group III and group IV was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). As a result, exposure to X-rays in new-borns and premature babies; It was observed that it caused disruption of caspase signaling in gonad organs, a serious decrease in hormonal activity, a significant decrease in spermatogonia number and a decrease in the number of primordial follicles. Considering these results, it can be predicted that exposure to X-rays in the neonatal period, especially in the premature period, may lead to infertility in later life.
Efficacy and Safety of Rectal Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Demir, Nihat; Peker, Erdal; Ece, Ibrahim; Balahoroglu, Ragip; Tuncer, Oguz
Background: To compare rectal ibuprofen with oral ibuprofen for the closure of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.Study design and subjects: In a prospective, randomized study, 72 VLBW infants who had hsPDA received either rectal or oral ibuprofen. The plasma concentration of ibuprofen and renal functions were determined in both groups by the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method and cystatin-C (cys-C), respectively.Results: The hsPDA closure rate of the group that received rectal ibuprofen was similar to oral ibuprofen (86.1% versus 83.3%) after the first course of the treatment (p=0.745). A statistically significant difference was identified between the mean plasma cys-C levels before and after treatment in both the rectal and oral ibuprofen groups (p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively). The mean plasma ibuprofen concentration was similar in both groups after the first dose (rectal 44.0612.4; oral, 48.28 +/- 22.8) and the third dose (rectal, 45.34 +/- 24.3; oral, 48.94 +/- 24.8) (p>0.05 for all values).Conclusions: Rectal ibuprofen is as effective as oral ibuprofen for hsPDA closure in VLBW infants. The rise in the cys-C level with rectal and oral treatment shows that patients with borderline renal function should be evaluated and followed closely.
Efficiency of Topical Rifampin on Infection in Open Neural Tube Defects: a Randomized Controlled Trial
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Deger, Ibrahim; Basaranoglu, Murat; Demir, Nihat; Aycan, Abdurrahman; Tuncer, Oguz
Objectives Neural tube defects are the second most common congenital malformation in humans. Despite significant decreases in neural tube defects and related mortality and morbidity with recent developments, infections remain an important problem. Research on the role of topical therapy for managing neural tube defects and associated infections in the neonatal period has been limited. This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the efficiency of topical Rifampin on infection control in paraplegic newborns with open neural tube defects. Methods Thirty-seven patients who underwent an operation for neural tube defects were included. Topical Rifampin and cefotaxime were administered to 19 patients constituting the case group and local saline and cefotaxime were administered to a control group. Patients were examined for ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection/dysfunction, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and sepsis. Results None of the patients using topical rifampin had ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection/dysfunction, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, or sepsis. In the control group, ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection/dysfunction was found in 4 (22.2%) cases, surgical site infection in 3 (27.7%), urinary tract infection in 3 (27.7%), and sepsis in 5 (27.7%), with statistically significant differences between the groups (p = 0.01, p = 0.032, p = 0.032, and p = 0.002, respectively). No local or systemic side effect was observed regarding rifampin use. Conclusion Topical Rifampin is effective in minimizing complications like sepsis, surgical site infection, urinary tract infection, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection due to neural tube defect operations. Further research with larger numbers of cases is needed to implement this practice routinely.
Evaluation of Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Infants With Hyperbilirubinemia and Kernicterus
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2011) Dogan, Murat; Peker, Erdal; Kirimi, Ercan; Sal, Ertan; Akbayram, Sinan; Erel, Ozcan; Tuncer, Oguz
Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine oxidant and antioxidant status in infants with hyperbilirubinemia and/or kernicterus and to find whether there is a relationship between bilirubin level and oxidant/antioxidant status. Patients: The study includes 69 full-term newborns (neonates with hyperbilirubinemia needing phototherapy [Group 1, n = 36] and neonates with kernicterus [Group 2, n = 33]) and 25 age-matched healthy newborn. Results: Plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and serum total oxidant status (TOS) were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 than the control group. There was a significant difference between Group 1 and control cases for malondialdehyde (MDA; p < 0.001). Total free sulfhydryl group (TTHI) values were significantly elevated in Group 1 compared to Group 2 and control cases. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between total bilirubin (TB) and TAC, TOS, MDA and oxidative stress index may be expressed by a quadratic curve. After phototherapy, a statistically significant increase in nitrite level was observed. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the relationship between serum TB and antioxidants and oxidative stress could be expressed by a quadratic correlation curve.
An Evaluation of Oxidative Status in Serum and Breast Milk of Mothers Giving Birth Prematurely and at Full-Term
(Kowsar Corp, 2015) Abuhandan, Mahmut; Demir, Nihat; Guzel, Bulent; Almaz, Veysi; Koca, Bulent; Tuncer, Oguz; Cakmak, Alpay
Background: Burning fat and carbohydrates to provide energy in biological systems causes the formation of free oxygen species. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative status of serum and breast milk of mothers giving birth prematurely and at fullterm. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 50 mothers who gave birth at full-term at more than 38 weeks and 43 mothers who gave birth pre-term at below 32 weeks. On the postnatal 5th day, samples of the mother's milk and serum were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until the study day. On the study day, the total oxidant and total antioxidant levels were measured using the Erel method and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results: While the total oxidant level and total antioxidant level values of the milk of the premature birth mothers were found to be significantly high compared to those of the full-term birth mothers (P = 0.001), no statistically significant difference was found in the oxidative stress index values (P > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the total oxidant level and oxidative stress index values of the serum of the premature birth mothers compared to those of the full-term birth mothers, while the total antioxidant level was found to be significantly low (P = 0.04). Conclusions: The oxidants and antioxidants in the milk of mothers giving birth prematurely were found to be significantly higher than those of full-term birth mothers. This can be evaluated as the milk of the premature birth mothers providing increased antioxidant defense to protect the infant.
Exchange Transfusion for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia: a Multicenter, Prospective Study of Turkish Neonatal Society
(Aves, 2021) Okulu, Emel; Erdeve, Omer; Tuncer, Oguz; Ertugrul, Sabahattin; Ozdemir, Hulya; Ciftdemir, Nukhet Aladag; Atasay, Begum
Objective: The frequency of neonatal exchange transfusion has declined in recent years, but is still performed in many countries. The procedure is associated with complications. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features and etiologies of infants with hyperbilirubinemia who underwent exchange transfusion and evaluate the adverse events and clinical outcomes. Material and Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of the multicenter Turkish Neonatal Jaundice Online Registry data. Otherwise healthy newborns born >= 35 weeks of gestation who were hospitalized for jaundice and underwent exchange transfusion were included. Results: One-hundred thirty-two patients with a mean serum bilirubin level on admission of 24.9 +/- 9.1 mg/dL were enrolled in the study. The most common cause for exchange transfusion was hemolytic jaundice (63.6%), followed by lack of proper feeding (12.9%). It was found that the infants with lack of proper feeding were discharged earlier from the maternity ward (p=0.02), but they were admitted to hospital later (p<0.001) with a higher bilirubin level (p=0.001), and geater weight loss (p=0.04). The reported rate of adverse events associated with exchange transfusion was 11.4%. The most common complication was thrombocytopenia (40%). None of the infants died during the procedure. Acute bilirubin encephalopathy was reported in 13 (9.8%) patients. Conclusion: Severe hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion and acute bilirubin encephalopathy are still challenging problems in neonatal periodin our country. The policies including blood group analysis of pregnant women, programs informing parents about breast-feeding and jaundice, and monitoring bilirubin levels of high-risk newborns should be developed to reduce the necessitating for exchange transfusion and to avoid related complications.
An Extraordinary Cause of the Sucking Difficulty: Ecthyma Gangrenosum
(Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Ceylan, Nesrin; Demir, Nihat; Kocaman, Selami; Peker, Erdal; Tuncer, Oguz
Ecthyma gangrenosum is a cutaneous lesion often associated with pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia, even though it may develop without bacteremia and may originate from other bacterial and fungal organisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia or sepsis, which mainly affects immunocompromised patients, frequently occurs in hospitals. This lesion typically occurs on the extremities and gluteal and perineal regions. In this report we present a case of ecthyma gangrenosum in a premature newborn occurring secondary to pseudomonas sepsis causing sucking dysfunction due to tissue loss in the lip, soft palate, and tongue.
Factors Affecting Infection Development After Meningomyelocele Repair in Newborns and the Efficacy of Antibiotic Prophylaxis
(Springer, 2015) Demir, Nihat; Peker, Erdal; Gulsen, Ismail; Agengin, Kemal; Tuncer, Oguz
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and surgical variables that may be associated with wound infection and meningitis/ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection in newborns diagnosed with meningomyelocele (MMC), as well as the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing these complications. The data of 91 neonates diagnosed with MMC, who underwent surgical intervention between May 2012 and December 2014, were retrospectively evaluated. Multivariant logistic regression analysis was used to determine the possible clinical and neurosurgical variables associated with meningitis/VP shunt infection and surgical wound infection. Spearman's test was performed for the correlation analysis. Following MMC closure, of the 91 neonates, 18 (16.4 %) developed meningitis/shunt infection and 12 (11 %) developed surgical wound infection. The operation time was not a significant independent risk factor for the development of meningitis (RR 0.618 [0.199-1.922], p = 0.406). Open neural placodes that were not covered by any pseudomembrane (myeloschisis), external ventricular drainage (EVD) use, and flap transposition were determined as significant relative risk factors for the development of meningitis (RR 8.655 [2.329-32.157], p = 0.001; RR 9.404 [1.183-74.743], p = 0.034; RR 8.125 [2.496-26.448], p = 0.001; and RR 3.150 [1.963-10.308], p = 0.048, respectively). Deep surgical wound infection was not correlated with the operation time or wound surface area. However, there was an intermediate but very significant positive correlation between meningitis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, length of hospitalization, and flap transposition (r = 0.377, 0.420, 0.357, and 0.503, respectively; for all values, p < 0.001). There was no association between MMC closure and development of infection. Since it carries a high risk for the development of meningitis, the EVD system should be avoided unless necessary. Routine prophylactic antibiotic use did not reduce the infection risk in MMC repair surgery. Thus, antibiotics should not be used if there are no risk factors predisposing to infection.
Hepatitis D Virus Seroprevalence Determined During Periods of Hepatitis B Virus Infections in Eastern Turkey
(Galenos Yayincilik, 2009) Guzel Kurtoglu, Muhammed; Ustun, Cerna; Bozkurt, Hamza; Tuncer, Oguz; Berktas, Mustafa
A serological marker of Hepatitis D virus (HDV), anti-HDV JgG was investigated in the sera of 955 patients with Hepatititis B virus (HBV), who were admitted to Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School Hospital and Van Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital in Van between January 2004 and December 2005. In this prospective study, markers of HBV serology were investigated in Axsym System device via macro-ELISA method, but anti-HDV JgG was investigated via HDV JgG Qua/it kits using micro-ELISA method. HBV DNA tests were conducted using Bayer Versant HBV DNA3.0 Assay reactives and Quantiplex TM System b-DNAAnalyzer device. A total of, 955 HBV-infected patients between 6 and 97 years of age were included into the study. Of the patients, 35.3% had acute HBV infections, 54.6% had chronic HBV-infections and 10.2% were inactive HBsAg carriers. Of 955 HBV-infected patients, 5.8% were anti-HDV lgG positive. Of HDV seropositive patients, 43.6% had acute HBV infections, 52.7% had chronic HBV infections, and 3.6% were inactive HBsAg carriers. HDV seroprevalence rate found in the study was determined to be lower than that among general population in Turkey. Since HBV/eads to HDV in only HBV-infected individuals,. HDV should be investigated in HBV-infected patients.
Hydranencephaly, Pituitary Hypoplasia, and Anophthalmia in a Male Infant
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012) Kostu, Murat; Tuncer, Oguz; Ceylaner, Serdar; Caksen, Huseyin