Browsing by Author "Turan, Metin"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Biogenic Amines in Raisins of One Vintage Year: Influence of Two Chemical Pre-Treatments (Dipping in Oak Ash Solution or Potassium Carbonate Solution)
(Hohere Bundeslehranstalt & Bundesamt Wein-& Obstbau Klosterneuburg, 2022) Ates, Fadime; Kaya, Ozkan; Keskin, Nurhan; Turan, Metin
Some biogenic amines (BAs) may be used as quality markers in grape derived products and they have key roles in human nutrition. In this study, therefore, two traditional dipping solutions, namely oak ash and potassium carbonate solutions applied before drying, were compared for their effects on the BA profile of Gok Uzum raisins. The mean agmatine, putrescine, spermine, and serotonin content of Gok Uzum raisins was lower in samples dried by dipping in potassium carbonate solution than samples dried by dipping in oak ash solution. There were no significant differences in contents of cadaverine, spermidine, histamine, tryptamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine between samples of both dipping solutions. Among the BAs under investigation, putrescine, agmatine, histamine, and tryptamine were the most abundant amines, whereas the lowest amine contents were those of cadaverine, spermine, spermidine, and norepinephrine. The mean putrescine, agmatine, spermine, and serotonin content of Gok Uzum raisins was higher in samples dried by dipping in oak ash solution than in samples dried by dipping in potassium carbonate solution. Drying under shade by dipping in oak ash solution proved to be superior to dipping in potassium carbonate solution concerning Gok Uzum raisin BAs and could be considered as an attractive pre-drying solution for the production of both raisins and perhaps other dried fruits.
Comparison of Contents of Sugars, Organic Acids and Free Amino Acids in Raisins Obtained From Gok Uzum (Vitis Vinifera L.)
(Hohere Bundeslehranstalt & Bundesamt Wein-& Obstbau Klosterneuburg, 2023) Karakus, Sinem; Ates, Fadime; Keskin, Nurhan; Turan, Metin; Kaya, Ozkan
Raisins are known as an important source of many bioactive compounds such as organic acids, free amino acids, and sugars. In this study, oak ash and potassium carbonate solutions applied before drying were compared for their effects on the Gok Uzum raisin, more specifically, its contents of organic acids, free amino acids, and sugar profile. The total acidity quantified in the samples of raisin, ranged from 20.30 to 117.08 ng/mu L DW for the potassium dipping solution, while values ranged from 17.98 to 164.72 ng/mu L DW for the oak ash dipping solution. In samples from either dip solution, serine was predominant, followed by alanine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, sarcosine, glutamate, and leucine, whereas glycine, arginine, proline, histidine, and valine were found to be the lowest amino acids. In the samples examined, fructose was the most abundant sugar, whereas the lowest sugars in raisins were xylose for oak ash application and galactose for potassium carbonate application. There was wide variation in the sugar profiles for both variants, with values ranging from 3043.48 to 0.71 g/100 g DW. Drying Gok Uzum grapes after the treatment of oak ash dipping solution promotes a higher content of organic acids, amino acids and sugars as compared to drying after potassium carbonate solution treatments. These results could be used for the development of an attractive pre-drying solution in further studies for the production of both, raisins and perhaps other dried fruits.
Development of Organic Phosphorus Vermicompost From Raw Phosphate Rock Using Microorganisms and Enzymes and Its Effect on Tomato Yield
(Elsevier, 2023) Turan, Metin; Kocaman, Ayhan; Tufenkci, Sefik; Katircioglu, Hikmet; Gunes, Adem; Kitir, Nurgul; Yildirim, Ertan
Chemical phosphorus and other chemical fertilizers undergo certain changes in the soil. These changes cause crop yield loss because of changes in soil pH and EC. In addition, other toxic compounds accumulate. They also lead to serious soil contamination and threaten the environment. In this study, vermicompost was developed from raw phosphate rock by using microorganisms and phosphorus solubilizing enzymes (protease, lipase, dehydroge & PRIME;nase, hydrolase, urea, nitrogenesis, cellulose) to eliminate phosphorus deficiency in soil. Two-year greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the organic phosphorus humus produced after six months of mineralization, and tomato plants were grown. As a result of these experiments, the effects on yield and physicochemical properties of the tomato plant were studied. Earthworm fertilizer at a rate of 4500 kg ha-1 increased the tomato yield of 22.12% compared to the control application, in the two-years means. In addition, the effect on nutrient content of tomato plants resulted in statistically significant increases (p < 0.05). When the macronutrient concentrations in the leaves of the plant were examined, they were considered to have reached the level of sufficiency. It was also found that the content of amino acids, chlorophyll and antioxidants in the tomato plant reached the highest levels compared to the control application. Based on our results, it was concluded that this organic fertilizer will contribute to higher crop yields in plants of cultural and commercial importance and to other plant growth parameters.
Development of Plant-Friendly Vermicompost Using Novel Biotechnological Methods
(Springer, 2023) Kocaman, Ayhan; Turan, Metin; Tufenkci, Sefik; Katircioglu, Hikmet; Gunes, Adem; Kitir, Nurgul; Yildirim, Ertan
For the first time in the world, raw tea waste from tea plants was mineralized by rapid biotechnological methods using beneficial worms, enzymes (protease, lipase, dehydrogenase, hydrolase, urease, nitrogenase, cellulase) and microorganisms (Aspergillus flavus, Bifidobacterium spp. Bacillus subtilis, Rhodotorula spp., Lactobacillus, Rhodopseudomas spp.). Thus, biocompost technology was developed to create an exclusive organic tea fertilizer. The biocompost product was developed in a plant-friendly format for sustainable use of local resources. It was rich in organic material and free from diseases and pathogens, according to organic farming methods. It was also reliable in terms of heavy metal content. In the biocompost study, the application of five different compost mixtures and three different application methods were investigated. Worm + Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria + enzymes accelerated the mineralization of the compost among the studies, and the lowest C/N and OM % ratio was obtained. The other physical and chemical parameters were also in accordance with the ideal values determined in the literature. Also, the increase of nitrogen without nitrogen loss during the composting process shows that mineralization was successfully completed. In concluded, it can be suggested that the developed organic worm compost fertilizer can be used on agricultural land and in regenerative agriculture.
Drying Grapes After the Application of Different Dipping Solutions: Effects on Hormones, Minerals, Vitamins, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Gok Uzum (Vitis Vinifera L.) Raisins
(Mdpi, 2022) Keskin, Nurhan; Kaya, Ozkan; Ates, Fadime; Turan, Metin; Gutierrez-Gamboa, Gaston
(1) Background: Raisins contain a wide range of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes that may contribute to the health benefits of consumers. (2) Methods: The aim of this research was to compare the hormone, mineral, vitamin, and antioxidant capacities of Gok uzum (Vitis vinifera L.) raisins immersed in oak ash (OA) and potassium carbonate (PC) dipping solutions before drying. (3) Results: Abscisic acid (ABA) (5751.18-11,868.40 ng g(-1)) and riboflavin (95.17-135.54 mg 100 g(-1)) were the most abundant hormone and vitamin quantified in Gok uzum raisins. Glutathione S-transferase (540.07-744.85 EU gr berry(-1)), 6-glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (214.50-317.43 EU gr berry(-1)), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (208.25-241.86 EU gr berry(-1)) enzymes presented the highest antioxidant activity in the samples. Raisins obtained after drying by immersion in OA presented higher indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), ABA, salicylic acid (SA), cytokinins (CK), and zeatin contents; glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), 6 glucose phosphate dehydrogenase (6GPD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic activity; vitamin B1, B2, B6, C, and A contents; and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), potassium (K), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg) levels compared to the grapes dried after PC applications. (4) Conclusions: Drying Gok uzum grapes after the application of OA dipping solution promotes a higher content of hormones, minerals, vitamins, and antioxidant enzymes compared to PC treatments. These results could help raisin producers to make decisions when using a dipping solution to dry grapes.
Effect of Elemental Sulphur on Heavy Metals Solubility and Remediation by Plants in Calcareous Soils
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2007) Cimrin, K. Mesut; Turan, Metin; Kapur, Burcak
Sewage sludge application may lead to the accumulation of a number of potentially harmful components, such as heavy metals, in the applied sludge possibly resulting in phytotoxic effects, soil and water contamination, and accumulation of heavy metal in food supplies. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the relative efficiency of elemental sulphur application in enhancing Ph and Cd phyto-extraction, and to increase Ph and Cd desorption from heavy metal-contaminated soil. Two rates of elemental sulphur (S) applied at 0 (SO) and 300 (S300) mmol kg(-1) soil with three rates of each metal at 0, 200, and 400 mg kg(-1) Pb(NO3)(2) and 0, 50 and 100 mg kg(-1) Cd (CdCl2). Six corn plants were grown for 42 days in pots of contaminated calcareous soil. Results indicated that with S application at 300,mmol S kg(-1) soil pH decreased by 0.5 unit, and solubility of both Ph and Cd was significantly increased. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ph and Cd in maize shoots and roots were increased with increasing rates of heavy metals. However, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in shoots and roots were higher with application of S than without S. Root Fe, Mn and Zn uptake rates were higher than those of shoot, whereas Pb and Cd uptake of shoot was greater than that of roots in corn plants. Plant yield was also significantly affected by application of S and heavy metals. With heavy metal addition, the shoot and root biomasses were decreased with rates of heavy metal increase, either with or without application of S. The removal of Pb and Cd by maize uptaken from the soil increased by application of S within a growth period of only 42 days. As a conclusion, it can be said that sulphur application facilitated Fe, Mn, Zn,Cu, Pb and Cd phyto-extraction, and this may provide an effective soil decontamination strategy in calcareous soils.
Effects of Bio-Bor Fertilizer Applications on Fruit Yield, Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Freeze Injury of Strawberry
(Springer, 2016) Gunes, Adem; Turan, Metin; Kitir, Nurgul; Tufenkci, M. Sefik; Cimrin, Kerim Mesut; Yildirim, Ertan; Ercisli, Sezai
Deficiency of Boron (B) is widespread in the many parts of region of Turkey. So, the effects of boron and plant growth promoting bacteria (Bio-B) on the fruit yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and plant freeze injury of strawberry cv. Fern were investigated under field conditions between 2013 and 2014. The experimental plot was a completely randomized design with 4 replicates. Control and Bio-B were used as fertilizer agent in the experiment. Bio-B fertilizer was applied in three methods as soil, foliar and soil + foliar application methods to strawberry plants. Data through 2 years showed that the use of Bio-B significantly increased fruit yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased freeze injury of strawberry leaf. Soil + foliar applications of Bio-B fertilizer increased to fruit yield compared to the control by 55.91 %. However, foliar application of Bio-B fertilizer increased to catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity compared with the control treatment 41.86 %, 48.99 %, and 26.59 %, respectively and decreased freeze injury of strawberry leaves 27.41 %. Overall, the results of this study suggest that Bio-B fertilizer application have the potential to increase the yield, antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased freeze injury of strawberry plants under field conditions.
Effects of Phosphogypsum Waste Application on Corn (Zea Mays L.) Yield and Nutrient Contents
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2019) Horuz, Ayhan; Turan, Metin; Akinoglu, Guney; Ozcan, Cengiz; Gunes, Adem; Korkmaz, Ahmet; Ozlu, Ekrem
The transformation of agro-industrial wastes into value-added commodity is among the best approches to a greener and more sustainable future. The aim of in this study was to examine the effects of phosphogypsum waste (PGW) as fertilizer to improve yield and nutrient content in the grain, stem and leaves of corn (Zea mays L.). A randomized experiment via a complete plot design was applied using four different triplicated doses of PGW (0, 1, 5 and 10 tons ha(-1)). It was shown that improvement in corn yield was proportional to the increase in PGW dose, corresponding to 46.19%, 38.76% and 39.65% for 1, 5, and 10 ton ha(-1) of PGW, respectively. A 5.85 ton ha(-1) PGW dose was optimal in yielding a 8.63 ton ha(-1) of corn despite a 8.26 ton ha(-1) the production yield using 5 ton ha(-1) PGW, as the latter was statistically borderline significant. The approach adopted here also yielded corns with higher macro- and micronutrient contents compared to the control. The analysis of variance data illustrated that the improved contents of N, P, K, Ca, Zn and B per 1 ton ha(-1), and Mg per 5 ton he were also significant (P<0.05). It can be construed that the recommended dose of PGW as fertilizer between 1-5 tons ha(-1) can lead to substantial improvements in yield and nutrient contents in corn.
Effects of Root Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Inoculations on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Grapevine
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2018) Erdogan, Ummugulsum; Turan, Metin; Ates, Fadime; Kotan, Recep; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Erdogan, Yasar; Tuefenkci, Sefik
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of seven nitrogen (N-2)-fixing and/or phosphorus (P)-solubilizing and siderophore-producing microorganism based bio-fertilizers in single and triple strain combinations isolated from the acidic rhizospheric soil of native tea, grapevine, and wild red raspberries. As a result of this study, bacterial efficiency was found to be variable and depended on the bacterial strains and evaluated growth parameters. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has improved macro- and micro-nutrient concentrations in grapevine leaves, and stimulated plant growth. Triple inoculation and single inoculation based bio fertilizers were found to stimulate overall plant growth, including shoot and leaf weight, main shoot length, leaf ground index, chlorophyll, nitrogen, zinc and iron content of grapevine cv Italy'. Bio-fertilizers increased the nutrients such as nitrogen, zinc and iron concentrations and consequently increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves.
Integrating Organic Fertilization and Soil Tillage Techniques To Enhance the Nutritional Attributes of "royal" Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L. Cv.)
(Wiley, 2024) Kaya, Ozkan; Ates, Fadime; Daler, Selda; Keskin, Nurhan; Turan, Metin
In the context of global efforts to improve food quality against the backdrop of climate change and increasing demands for food, this study sought to investigate the influence of tillage and fertilization methods on essential nutritional components. Thus, this extensive investigation into the variability of organic acid, sugar, and vitamin content within berries over the years 2020 to 2022 shows the critical influence of agricultural practices on the nutritional quality of grape. Our findings revealed significant fluctuations in the levels of various organic acids, with oxalic and propionic acids seeing a notable increase in 2022, while tartaric, citric, and maleic acids decreased. Similarly, a significant rise in sucrose, glucose, and fructose levels was documented by 2022, alongside a variable trend in vitamin content. The PCA results revealed a clear impact of tillage and organic amendments on the biochemical composition of Royal grapes. Heatmap findings confirmed the results obtained from PCA and showed that certain treatments resulted in high organic acid content, while others resulted in high sugar content. However, disc harrow and olive blackwater 2021 followed by disc harrow and Antep radish 2021 and no-tillage broccoli 2020 were the best treatments with a balanced distribution of organic acids, soluble sugars, and vitamins among all treatments. On the other hand, chisel and olive blackwater '20 was the treatment with the lowest ratio of organic acids, sugars, and vitamins, followed by chisel and Antep radish 2020. These results show that the concentration of organic acids, soluble sugars, and vitamins in grapes is more affected by the tillage method than the type of organic fertilizer used. To sum up, our study holds valuable implications for viticulture and agriculture at large, highlighting the potential to tailor farming practices for enhanced nutritional outcomes. Such advancements not only promise to elevate the quality of agricultural produce but also contribute to the broader objective of achieving food security and nutritional adequacy, thus offering a roadmap for future research and practice in sustainable agriculture and viticulture.
Phosphorus and Humic Acid Application Alleviate Salinity Stress of Pepper Seedling
(Academic Journals, 2010) Cimrin, K. Mesut; Turkmen, Onder; Turan, Metin; Tuncer, Burcu
Humic acid is a commercial product that contains many elements which improve the soil fertility and increase the availability of nutrient elements. It consequently affects plant growth and yield and ameliorates the deleterious effects of salt stress. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of humic acids and phosphorus on growth and nutrient content of pepper seedlings (cv. Demre) grown under moderate salt stress in growth chamber conditions. Applications of different levels of phosphorus [0 (P(0)), 50 (P(1)), 100 (P(2)) and 150 (P(3)) mg kg(-1)] and humic acid [0 (HA(0)), 750 (HA(1)) and 1500 (HA(2)) mg kg(-1)] to growing media containing moderate salt dose (8 mM NaCl treatment) were studied. The study was replicated four times with 20 plants in each replicate. Humic acid (HA) and phosphorus applications increased the growth and growth parameter of plants. In company, effects of HA and P application was more effective on growth and growth parameter than each separate effect. The optimum total yield was obtained from 69 mg kg(-1) P application with HA2 doses according to regression analysis. Humic acid application significantly increased N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn and Cu contents of shoot of pepper seedling. Also, N, P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of root were increased with humic acid application. Na contents of both shoot and root of pepper decreased with increased humic acid doses. It can be concluded that high humic acid doses has positive effects on salt tolerance based on the plant growth parameters and nutrient contents. The present study suggests that HA treatments can ameliorate the deleterious effects of salt stress on pepper plants and HA could offer an economical and simple application to reduce problems of pepper production in moderately saline soil.