Browsing by Author "Wehrend, A"

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Comparative Studies on Diagnostic Procedures for Detection of Lesions of the Mucosal Layer of the Bovine Teat
(Georg Thieme verlag Kg, 2005) Sendag, S; Hospes, R; Wehrend, A; Hetzel, U; Failing, K; Bostedt, H
Objective: The aim of the presented study was to compare the diagnostic procedures palpation, sonography and endoscopy for detection of lesions of the inner mucosal layer in bovine teats and to evaluate their diagnostic value. Material and methods: The investigation material involved 436 teats of 109 dairy cows of different breeds which were slaughtered out of different reasons. All teats were examined by palpation, sonography and endoscopy via papillar duct for the presence of teat cistern mucosa lesions. Afterwards teats were opened by longitudinal incision for macroscopic evaluation. Tissue samples of obvious lesions were taken and prepared for histopathological examination. Based on the results of macroscopic and histopathological investigations the results of the different diagnostic procedures were compared. Results: In 38 cases (8.7%) remarkable findings were present in the macroscopic investigation, which had only been detected without exception by endoscopy via teat canal. Both other diagnostic methods dropped in their results in contrast to this clearly. Endoscopy (p <= 0.001) and sonography (p <= 0.0001) proved to be of significant higher diagnostic impact than palpation. A significant difference between the results of endoscopy and sonography could not be detected (p >= 0.05). Histopathological findings reflected the results of the palpatoric, sonographic and endoscopic investigation in a high amount. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Alterations of the teat cistern mucosa of dairy cows are insufficiently detected by use of classical clinical method palpation. Imaging diagnostic procedures (sonography/endoscopy) extend the diagnostic spectrum substantially. Sonography is usually sufficient when lesions are located in the teat cistern. However, in case of alterations at the inner orifice of the papillar duct or the papillar duct itself an additional endoscopic examination is recommended for definition of a suitable therapy method.
Short Communication: Ultrasonographic Examination of the Abomasal Position in Dairy Cows During the Peripartal Period
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2005) Sendag, S; Seeger, T; Wehrend, A
The objective of this study was to document the abomasal position during the peripartal period by ultrasonographic measurement to get more data about the topographic dynamic. In 12 dairy cows the abomasal position was measured daily from the 5(th) day before calving up to the 5(th) day after calving by a transabdominal ultrasonographic examination (5 MHz convex transducer). The abomasal position was described by means of 3 measured distances: (a) the distance between the cranial margin of the abomasum and the Aphoid cartilage, (b) the distance between the right margin of the abomasum and the median line and (c) the distance between the left margin of the abomasum and the median line. Prepartal the abomasal position was different from the position during the postpartal period. Its position was more cranially (p < 0.05) and more right laterally (p, < 0.05). The left margin was not detectable at the left side of the mid-line ante partum. Directly after calving the left margin of the abomasum was found left of the linea alba (p < 0.05). These results show that there is a great influence of the gravid uterus on the abomasal position. The abomasum is positioned more cranially and more right lateral during the end of pregnancy. This position changes immediately after calving.
Studies Into Determination of Urinary Ph in Dairy Cows. Aspects of the Method and Suitability of the Ph Intra Partum for the Prospective Prediction of Calcium and Phosphate Concentrations in the Plasma Postpartum
(Georg Thieme verlag Kg, 2005) Sendag, S; Hollenhorst, M; Wehrend, A
Objective: The aim was to investigate if refrigeration, storage and time of day influence the results of urinary pH determination in dairy cows. Additionally it should be examined whether the urinary pH intra partum can provide information on the current calcium and phosphate concentrations in blood and on the second day post partum. Material and methods: Experiment 1: Catheter urine was collected from 10 lactating cows and divided into three fractions stored at different temperatures (room temperature; 8 degrees C; -20 degrees C). The pH of all fractions was measured directly after collection and two, six, 12 and 24 hours later. Experiment 2: Catheter urine was collected from 13 lactating cows at 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hour, in three cows also at 20:00, 24:00 and 4:00 hour and urinary pH was determined immediately. Experiment 3: In 12 cows with dystocia during the obstetric examination as well as two days later urinary pH plasma concentrations of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate were measured. Results: Experiment 1: Temperature and duration of storage significantly influenced urinary pH. There was a significant difference between the measured values immediately after urine collection and the later times (p < 0.000). Experiment 2: The time of day showed a significant influence on urinary pH. Values at 24:00 hour significantly differed from those at 8:00 (p = 0.001), 12:00 (p = 0.004) and 16:00 hour (p = 0.005). Experiment 3: Determination of urinary pH intra partum does not allow any conclusions with regard to current calcium and phosphate concentrations in plasma and with these parameters two days post partum. Clinical relevance: All together the median differences of the urinary pH - stored at various temperatures and different periods of time or collected at different times of day - were small, but differed statistically significant in some cases.