Browsing by Author "Yakin, Ahmet"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

Effect of Different Types of Fuels Tested in a Gasoline Engine on Engine Performance and Emissions
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Yakin, Ahmet; Behcet, Rasim
In this study, three different fuels named G100 (pure gasoline), E20 (volume 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline blend) and ES20 (20% sodium borohydride added ethanol solution and 80% gasoline) were used to test in a gasoline engine. First of all, G100 fuel, E20 and ES20 blended fuels, respectively, were tested in a gasoline engine and the effects of fuels on engine performance and exhaust emissions were investigated experimentally. Experiments were carried out at full load and at five different engine speeds ranging from 1400 to 3000 rpm, and engine performance and exhaust emission values were determined for each test fuel. When the test results of the engine operated with E20 and ES20 blended fuels are compared with the test results of the engine operated with gasoline; engine torque of E20 blended fuel increased by 1.87% compared to pure gasoline, while engine torque of ES20 blended fuel decreased by 1.64%. However, the engine power of E20 and ES20 blended fuels decreased by 2.02% and 5.10%, respectively, compared to the power of pure gasoline engine, while their specific fuel consumption increased by 5.02% and 6.57%, respectively, compared to pure gasoline fueled engine. On the other hand, CO and HC emissions of the engine operated with E20 and ES20 blended fuels decreased compared to the pure gasoline engine, while CO2 and NOx emissions increased. (C) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Effects of Boron-Based Additives on Combustion Characteristics, Emission Reduction, and Performance Improvement in Internal Combustion Engines
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Yakin, Ahmet; Guelcan, Mehmet
This study examines the impact of methylamine-borane (MAB), a hydrogen-enriched fuel additive, on the combustion dynamics, emission characteristics, and performance metrics of gasoline engines. The evaluation was conducted at volumetric concentrations of 5 % (MAB5) and 10 % (MAB10). The results indicated a substantial reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions by 76.79 % for MAB5 and 66.39 % for MAB10, as well as a decrease in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 21.39 % and 35.39 %, respectively. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were also reduced by 15.29 % for MAB5 and 9.76 % for MAB10, suggesting an improvement in combustion efficiency. However, an increase in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions was observed, likely due to higher peak combustion temperatures. Elevated oxygen (O2) levels in the exhaust were noted, reflecting alterations in in- cylinder oxygen dynamics and combustion stoichiometry. Performance analysis revealed that MAB use resulted in higher brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and lower thermal efficiency, with reductions of 7.69 % and 9.93 % for MAB5 and MAB10, respectively, attributable to the lower energy density of MAB relative to gasoline. A decrease in exhaust gas temperature was observed, suggesting a complex interaction of energy release and heat transfer processes. Despite the reduction in emissions, the increase in NOx formation highlights the intensification of combustion phases and greater thermal stress within the engine cylinder. The findings suggest that MAB, as a hydrogen-enriched fuel additive, offers notable benefits in emission reduction, but presents challenges such as reduced performance efficiency and increased thermal management requirements. These results underscore the need for optimizing additive formulations and operational parameters to balance the emission reduction potential with performance efficiency in gasoline engine applications.
Evaluation of Gasoline-Phthalocyanines Fuel Blends in Terms of Engine Performance and Emissions in Gasoline Engines
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Cabir, Beyza; Yakin, Ahmet
The aim of this study was to perform performance and emission analysis in a spark ignition engine by adding different ratios of Phthalocyanines additive to gasoline fuel. In this study, PH10, PH20 and PH30 blend fuels were prepared by blending fuels containing 10 %, 20 % and 30 % phthalocyanine by volume with pure gasoline, respectively. The blended fuels were tested in a gasoline engine at five different engine speeds under full load and the performance values were measured from the dynamometer connected to the engine and emission values were measured from the emission device connected to the exhaust. Compared to pure gasoline in the experimental study, both the torque value and engine power of the PH10 blend fuel decreased, while the exhaust gas temperature increased. While both torque and engine power of PH20 and PH30 blended fuels increased, exhaust gas temperatures decreased. Specific fuel consumption of PH10, PH20, PH30 blended fuels decreased by 4.93 %, 2.12 % and 8.04 %, respectively, compared to pure gasoline. Phthalocyanines' protective, cleaning, and anticorrosion properties can lead to a decrease in specific fuel consumption when used as a gasoline additive. In the study, it was concluded that increasing the ratio of phthalocyanines additive in gasoline reduces fuel consumption. PH10, PH20 and PH30 fuel blends resulted in 15.34 %, 19.46 % and 9.61 % increase in CO2 emissions respectively compared to gasoline. In addition, CO emissions of blended fuels decreased compared to gasoline, while NOx and HC emissions increased.
Evaluation of Hydrogen-Containing Nabh4 and Oxygen-Containing Alcohols (Ch3oh, C2h5oh) as Fuel Additives in a Gasoline Engine
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Behcet, Rasim; Yakin, Ahmet
The aim of this study is to obtain alternative fuels with hydrogen-containing (NaBH4) and oxygen-containing (ethanol, methanol) fuel additives and to test these fuels in a gasoline engine. For this purpose, each of the NaBH4 added ethanol and methanol solutions was added to pure gasoline at a volume of 10% and mixed fuels named SE10 and SM10 were obtained, respectively. The obtained SE10 and SM10 mixed fuels were tested in a spark ignition engine and the performance and emission effects of the fuels were compared with the pure gasoline fueled engine test data. When the test results of the mixture fuel engine were compared with the test results of the engine running with pure gasoline, the torque of the SE10 fuel engine decreased compared to the pure gasoline engine, while the torque of the SM10 blended engine increased. In addition, while the exhaust gas temperatures of both blended fuels decreased, their specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency increased. On the other hand, adding NaBH4 doped ethanol and methanol solutions to pure gasoline resulted in better combustion, reductions in CO emissions of SE10 and SM10 blended fuels by 31.04% and 53.7%, but CO2 emissions increased by 11.20% and 19.51% respectively. In addition, NOx emissions of SE10 and SM10 blended fuels decreased by 15.17% and 8.73%, respectively. (C) 2022 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Investigation of the Performance and Emission Effects of Ammonia-Borane as a B-N - N-Based Amine-Borane Adduct in Gasoline Engines
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Yakin, Ahmet; Gulcan, Mehmet; Celebi, Samet; Demir, Usame; Yilmaz, Emre
This study examined the impact of varying concentrations of ammonia-borane (AB) in gasoline on engine performance and emissions across different load conditions. Four fuel formulations were tested: pure gasoline (G100) and gasoline blends containing 10%, 15%, and 20% AB (AB10, AB15, AB20). Increased AB concentration resulted in higher brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). While exhaust gas temperatures were highest with G100 (730.9 degrees C at full load), the AB blends, particularly AB20, exhibited lower temperatures, with a maximum reduction of 13.8%. The AB20 blend demonstrated elevated BSFC and increased oxygen (O2) emissions but significantly reduced carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, with up to an 88.2% decrease at full load. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) x ) emissions were generally lower for all AB blends. The highest NOx x value was measured with G100 fuel at full load, while the lowest NOx x value was measured with AB10 fuel. Under these conditions, a 23% decrease in NOx value was observed with AB10 fuel compared to G100. The engine's thermal efficiency decreased with AB blends at all load levels compared to pure gasoline. Thermal efficiency decrease of 13.76%, 22.32%, and 30.88% occurred for AB10, AB15 and AB20, respectively compared to G100.Overall, incorporating AB in gasoline reduced thermal efficiency and led to a notable decrease in NOx, hydrocarbons (HC), and CO emissions.
Investigation the Performance of a New Fuel Produced From the Phthalocyanine-Gasoline Mixture in an Internal Combustion Engine
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Uckan, Irfan; Yakin, Ahmet; Cabir, Beyza
The study involved the utilization of novel developed six distinct fuel, denoted as, PG5, PG10, PG15, PG20, PG25, and PG30 and G100 (pure gasoline). These fuels were derived from various blends of gasoline and phthalocyanines. Experimental investigations were conducted to assess the internal combustion engine's performance in terms of both energy and exergy. The mixtures underwent testing across a range of engine speeds, spanning from 1400 rpm to 3000 rpm. Notably, optimal performance across all fuels and engine speeds was consistently observed at 2600 rpm. In terms of energy and exergy efficiency assessments for all fuels and engine speeds, PG25 fuel demonstrated the highest efficiency levels, with 35% energy efficiency and 33% exergy efficiency at 2600 rpm. Conversely, G100 fuel exhibited the lowest energy and exergy efficiency at the same engine speed, registering values of 27% and 24%, respectively. Meanwhile, with regard to exhaust exergy, G100 fuel demonstrated the highest exhaust energy at 10.69 kW, occurring at 3000 rpm, whereas PG25 fuel exhibited the lowest exhaust exergy, measured at 3.09 kW. It has been observed that N2 gas, one of the exhaust components that affects the exergy of exhaust gases, affects the exhaust exergy to a large extent and this ratio is approximately 50%. In addition, the sustainability index value for all fuels was found to be at most 2600 rpm. It was calculated as 1.50 for PG25 fuel and 1.32 for G100 fuel.
Second Law Analysis of an Internal Combustion Engine for Different Fuels Consisting of Nabh4, Ethanol and Methanol Mixtures
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Uckan, Irfan; Yakin, Ahmet; Behcet, Rasim
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of NaBH4, which is not used as an internal combustion engine fuel in the literature, on system energy and exergy when used in internal combustion engines. In the study, fuels containing oxygen and hydrogen (MSG12.5, EG12.5, ESG12.5 and MG12.5) and pure gasoline (G100) were tested at different engine speeds and the changes in the energy and exergy analyzes of the system were inves-tigated. In the experimental study, the energy and exergy values of gasoline used as fuel were at the highest values with 33.21 kW and 35.62 kW, respectively, while the energy and exergy efficiencies were 27 % and 25 %, respectively. MG12.5 fuel used in the study showed the best performance among all fuels with 38 % energy efficiency and 35 % exergy efficiency. On the other hand, it was seen that boron added ESG12.5 % fuel was the second best fuel with 35 % energy efficiency and 33 % exergy efficiency. Another fuel, boron added MSG12.5 fuel, performed better than gasoline in terms of both energy and exergy efficiency. In addition, it was determined that more than 50 % of the exergy of the fuel entering the system was lost due to exergy destruction and the exergy destruction of the fuels used in the experiments was determined at least in MG12.5, ESG12.5, EG12.5 and G100, respectively.
Testing Sodium Borohydride as a Fuel Additive in Internal Combustion Gasoline Engine
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Yakin, Ahmet; Behcet, Rasim; Solmaz, Hamit; Halis, Serdar
Additives are added to conventional fuels to ensure complete combustion of fuels, increase engine performance and reduce harmful emissions from vehicles. Hydrogen and oxygen-containing fuel additives added to fossil-based internal combustion engine fuels improve the properties of the fuels and reduce vehicle-related emissions. Evaluation of mixed fuels created by adding different types of alcohol and nano-sized additives to motor fuels as an alternative fuel in motor vehicles is among the most researched scientific studies recently. In this study, alcohol-gasoline fuels (E5, M5), NaBH4-alcoholgasoline fuels (ES5, MS5), and pure gasoline were tested in a gasoline engine. Fuels used in engine tests; E5 fuel (5% by volume ethanol 95% gasoline blend), M5 fuel (5% by volume methanol 95% gasoline blend), ES5 fuel (5% by volume NaBH4-ethanol solution 95% gasoline blend), MS5 fuel (5% by volume NaBH4methanol solution 95% gasoline mixture) and pure gasoline. In the experiments, brake thermal efficiency, engine torque, specific fuel consumption, and exhaust gas temperature were measured and compared with pure gasoline. Compared to gasoline, the exhaust gas temperatures of all blended fuels decreased. On the other hand, there was an increase in engine torque values, except for ES5 fuel. At the same time, there was an increase in both specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. When the CO and HC emission values of the blended fuels are compared with the gasoline fuel values, the highest reduction in CO emissions occurred in ES5 blended fuel with 65.53%, while the highest decrease in HC emission was realized in E5 fuel with 19.09%. On the other hand, when NOx and CO2 emissions of E5, M5, ES5, MS5 mixed fuels are compared with gasoline, NOx emissions are 12.63%, 28.37%, 19.65%, respectively; decreased by 36.03% but CO2 emissions increased by 8.51%, 30.46%, 34.48%, 25.95% respectively.(c) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.