Browsing by Author "Yildirim, I."

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Attitudes and Preferences of Urban and Rural Households Towards Chicken Meat Consumption: Case Study of Hakkari, Turkey
(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2013) Şahin, A.; Yildirim, I.; Deniz, A.
The consumers are more concious regarding the chicken consumption due mainly to risks stemming from the diseases and health concerns. Thus, in recent years important consumption pattern variations are observed. This study examines chicken consumption structure of 95 urban and 95 rural households comparatively in Hakkari, Turkey, which has special socio-cultural structure being bordered by Iran and Iraq. Double logarithmic regression model was used to determine the price and income elasticities of chicken meat demands. Monthly chicken meat consumption per households and per capita were 5.3 kg and 0.9 kg for urban and 4.2 kg and 0.59 kg for rural households, respectively. Cheapness was the most important determining factor in preference of meat types of urban households with 43.6% followed by habit with 34.0%. On the other hand, habit and convenience were the main determinant factors effective on the preference of chicken meat with 40.0% each. Price elasticity of per capita chicken meat demand was - 0.653 and income elasticity of per capita chicken demand was 0.114.
A Comparison of Profitability Between Culture and Native-Breed Dairy Farms (Case Study of Eastern Part of Turkey)
(2006) Yildirim, I.; Şahin, A.
The comparison of the profitability of culture and native-breed dairy fanns was aimed in this study. The hypothesis that culture-breed dairy farms are more profitable as well as more cost-efficient in producing one unit of milk and that the profitability increases in proportion to farm size was tested. The material was collected from 40 culture and 16 native-breed dairy farms in Center town of Van province, Turkey. The data belong to 1999 production period. The number of cow per farm, dady milk per cow, lactation period, milk production per cow per lactation and total milk production per farm was 8.3, 7.63 kg, 225.5 days, 1720.6 and 14289.7 kg, respectively for culture-breed dairy farms. The same figures were relatively lower for native-breed dairy farms with 4.4, 3.24 kg, 208.13 days, 674.3 and 2.967 kg, respectively. Economical profitability was positive with 3.27% for culture-breed farms while this figure was negative for native-breed farms with -1.14%. Both economical and financial profitability increased in parallel to farm size. The cost of 1 kg of milk was calculated as $0.47, which is 60% higher than that of culture-breed dairy farms. This figure decreased in proportion to farm size. The total production elasticity of inputs found by coob-douglas production function for culture-breed dairy farms was 2.97, winch means there is an increasing return to the scale. We can suggest that the scale is effective on the profitability and expanding the culture-breed dairy enterprise could increase the profitability due to economies of scale. © 2006 Academic Journals Inc.
Effects of Elevated Oxygen Concentrations During Plateau and Pipping Stages of Incubation on Hatching Results and Some Supply Organ Weights in Pheasant (Phasianus Colchicus) Hatching Eggs at High Altitude
(Medwell Journals, 2010) Yildirim, I.; Celen, M.F.
This study deals with the effects of extra oxygen supplementation in high altitude (1700 m) on hatching traits in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) eggs during the last 4 days of incubation. The hatching eggs were obtained from a 44 weeks old Pheasant flock. All eggs were distributed randomly into one incubator and incubated for 37.6°C and 58% RH 21 days using uniform conditions. At the start of 22nd day of incubation, the eggs were randomly distributed to two experimental hatching cabinets. The temperature and RH were changed as 37.2°C and 90-92%, in both cabinets for the last 4 days of incubation. During the last 4 days of incubation, two oxygen concentrations were added to the cabinets as 19 and 23%, separately. Fertile Hatchability (FH), Internal (IP), External (EP) pipping mortalities and Late Mortalities (LM) of embryos and some supply organ weights of chicks were recorded. The 23% oxygen treatment significantly reduced EP and LM mortalities compared to control group. Increasing oxygen level at this altitude has improved the FH in 23% oxygen treatment group compared to that resulting from 19% oxygen. At hatch, lower liver weights were obtained from 23% oxygen treatment group compared to control group. These findings revealed that fertile hatchability can be improved if oxygen levels elevated at high altitudes during plateau stage of incubation in Pheasant eggs. © Medwell Journals, 2010.
Inappropriate Antimicrobial Use in Turkish Pediatric Hospitals: a Multicenter Point Prevalence Survey
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Ceyhan, M.; Yildirim, I.; Ecevit, C.; Aydogan, A.; Ornek, A.; Salman, N.; Coskun, Y.
Objectives: Although well-defined principles of rational antimicrobial use are available, inappropriate prescribing patterns are reported worldwide. Accurate information on the usage of antimicrobials, including factors associated with and influencing their use, is valuable for improving the quality of prescription practices. Methods: In this cross-sectional point prevalence survey, data on patients hospitalized in 12 different children's hospitals were collected on a single day. Appropriateness of prescription was compared between the types of antimicrobials prescribed, indications, wards, and presence of/consultation with an infectious disease physician (IDP). Results: A total 711 of 1302 (54.6%) patients evaluated were receiving one or more antimicrobial drugs. The antimicrobial prescription rate was highest in pediatric intensive care (75.7%) and lowest in the surgery wards (37.0%). Of the 711 patients receiving antimicrobials, 332 patients (46.7%) were found to be receiving at least one inappropriately prescribed drug. Inappropriate use was most frequent in surgery wards (80.2%), while it was less common in oncology wards (31.8%; p < 0.001). Respiratory tract infection was the most common indication for antimicrobial use (29.4%). Inappropriate use was more common in deep-seated infections (54.7%) and respiratory infections (56.5%). Fluoroquinolones were used inappropriately more than any other drugs (81.8%, p = 0.021). Consultation with an IDP appears to increase appropriate antimicrobial use (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Inappropriate antimicrobial use remains a common problem in Turkish pediatric hospitals. Consultation with an IDP and prescribing antimicrobial drugs according to microbiological test results could decrease the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. (C) 2009 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Serosurveillance Study on Transmission of H5n1 Virus During a 2006 Avian Influenza Epidemic
(2010) Ceyhan, M.; Yildirim, I.; Ferraris, O.; Bouscambert-Duchamp, M.; Frobert, E.; Uyar, N.; Lina, B.
In 2006 an outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) in Turkey caused 12 human infections, including four deaths. We conducted a serological survey to determine the extent of subclinical infection caused by the outbreak. Single serum samples were collected from five individuals with avian influenza whose nasopharyngeal swabs tested positive for H5 RNA by polymerase chain reaction, 28 family contacts of the cases, 95 poultry cullers, 75 individuals known to have had contact with diseased chickens and 81 individuals living in the region with no known contact with infected chickens and/or patients. Paired serum samples were collected from 97 healthcare workers. All sera were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoassay, haemagglutination inhibition and microneutralization assays. Only one serum sample, from a parent of an avian influenza patient, tested positive for H5N1 by microneutralization assay. This survey shows that there was minimal subclinical H5N1 infection among contacts of human cases and infected poultry in Turkey in 2006. Further, the low rate of subclinical infection following contact with diseased poultry gave further support to the reported low infectivity of the virus. Copyright © 2010 Cambridge University Press.
Technical, Allocative and Economic Efficiencies of Turkish Dairy Farms: an Application of Data Envelopment Analysis
(2010) Günden, C.; Şahin, A.; Miran, B.; Yildirim, I.
Efficiencies of farms were measured using data envolepment analysis (DEA) on 87 dairy farms in İzmir, Turkey. Technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 0.615, 0.673 and 0.488, respectively. Only three farms were efficient. 62% of farms had decreasing return to scale. It is concluded that the current gross production value could be preserved while decreasing the number of cows, labor (man-days) and maize silage (kg) by 50.29, 45.17 and 42.42%, respectively. © GSP, India.