Browsing by Author "Yilmaz, Ayhan"

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Determination of Pre-Parturition and Post-Parturition Behaviors of Norduz Goats
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2012) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet
The objective of this study was to determine of pre-parturition and post-parturition behaviors of Norduz Goats. Animal subjects consisted of 18 primiparous single-birth does aged 2-3 years. During the kidding time, the goats were recorded with digital video cameras for one hour pre parturition and 24 h post-parturition in order to register parturition traits. Twelve does (67%) gave birth while being recumbent and six (33%) while standing (P<0.01). The majority of kidding (n=12, 67%) occurred between 12.00 -18.00 h, followed by 18.00-24.00 h (n=4, 22%) and 00.00-06.00 h (n=2, 11%). The majority of does (n= 83%) accepted and nursed their kids after parturition; however, 3 does (17%) rejected their kids after parturition. Of those does who accepted their kids, 14 (93%) refrained from feeding throughout the observation period, whereas only 1 (7%) left her kid to feed during this period (1/15). The duration of parturition, the duration of placenta expulsion, the latency to first sniffing, the latency to first licking, the latency to first suckling, the duration of first suckling, the latency to first standing, and the duration of standing at the birth site were 21.99 +/- 2.49 min., 120.74 +/- 6.98 min., 0.64 +/- 0.39 min., 0.82 +/- 0.22 min., 22.65 +/- 2.37 min., 0.62 +/- 0.13 min., 17.50 +/- 2.42 min. and 4> h, respectively. These results clearly suggest that in Norduz goats the parturition behavior occurs within four hours after the parturition, and also Norduz goats are observed to be having a normal maternal behavior regarding with investigated behavioral characteristics
Effect of Different Feeding Systems on the Fattening Performance, Slaughter-Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality in Lambs
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet; Keskin, Siddik
The aim of the study was to find out the effect of different feeding systems on the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Norduz male lambs. Lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 each, as follows: 2M (2 meals/day), 4M (4 meals/day) and SF (self-feeder). Then, lambs were fed according to these regimes for 70 days to determine the feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, carcass fatness and meat quality traits such as pH, color and water holding capacity. Although live weights and daily weight gains were found to be similar among the groups, significant differences were found in the daily feed intake (2M: 1.53 kg; 4M: 1.70 kg; SF: 1.89 kg) among groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in slaughter and carcass characteristics except dressing percentage (2M: 49.69%; 4M: 50.59%; SF: 48.46%). Meat quality traits were also similar among groups, except for pH(24h) (2M: 5.77; 4M: 5.95; SF: 6.10) (p<0.01).
The Effect of Feeding System on Fattening Performance, Slaughter, and Carcass Characteristics of Norduz Male Kids
(Springer, 2010) Daskiran, Irfan; Bingol, Mehmet; Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Cetin, Ayse Ozge; Kor, Askin
The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding systems on fattening performance, slaughter, and carcass characteristics of male Norduz kids. In the study, 20 male Norduz kids weaned at 2.5 months of age were divided into two groups after weaning. The first group was reared under semi-intensive conditions (SI) on a mixture of pasture and concentrate, and the second group was reared under extensive conditions (E) on pasture only. SI group had higher final weight (35.30 kg versus 32.81 kg), daily weight gain (153.10 g versus 132.14 g), and warm carcass yield (44.84% versus 46.55%) compared to the E group although there were no significant differences. Body organs, carcass parts, prime cuts, and chemical composition of the chop area did not also differ in two groups significantly. As a conclusion, this study showed that semi-intensive feeding systems improved kid fattening performance and carcass characteristics.
The Effect of Feeding System on Slaughter-Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, and Fatty Acid Composition of Lambs
(Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet; Cavidoglu, Isa; Ser, Gazel
In this study, we aimed to determine the slaughter-carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in lambs raised under intensive and extensive conditions. The animal material consisted of 30 Norduz male lambs, with an average age of 171 days. The lambs were divided into two groups: concentrate-fed lambs (CO) and pasture-fed lambs (PS). The results showed that the CO lambs had heavier carcasses (p < 0.001), a higher dressing percentage (p < 0.001), and higher intramuscular fat (p < 0.01) than the PS lambs. It was determined that the longissimus thoracis muscle of the CO lambs had a lower ultimate pH and higher L* and water-holding capacity than the PS lambs. In this study, intramuscular fat (longissimus thoracis, semimembranosus, triceps brachii), subcutaneous and tail fat samples were used to evaluate the effect of feeding system on fatty acid composition. The polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio (PUFA / SFA) of intramuscular fat was found to be significantly higher in the CO group than in the PS lambs, while similar subcutaneous and tail fat results were found in both groups. Moreover, the PS lambs had a lower n6 / n3 ratio and higher percentage of omega-3 than the CO lambs in all tissues studied (p < 0.05). Overall, the CO lambs have heavier and fattier carcasses with better meat quality traits than the PS lambs. However, the effects of feeding system have varying results based on the fatty acid composition of different types of fat deposits.
The Effect of Organic Selenium in Feeding of Ewes in Late Pregnancy on Selenium Transfer To Progeny
(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2017) Erdogan, Sibel; Karadas, Filiz; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemented organic selenium at different levels to concentrate feed of Norduz ewes in late pregnancy on maternal serum, placenta, colostrum, and offspring serum concentrations. This study was conducted using two-year-old 35 Norduz ewes. Ewes were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 57 days prepartum and at the seven days postpartum. Group 1 was fed a standard pregnant sheep concentrate basal diet without any additional Se supplement (control). Experiment groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.150 mg/kg, 0.300 mg/kg, and 0.450 mg/kg organic selenium to the same basal diet. Results showed that addition of selenium to gestating ewe diets increased Se in serum after one week of feeding. Ewes supplemented with 0.300 and 0.450 mg/kg Se had increased placenta, serum, and colostrum Se levels compared with those fed the control diet (P<0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between placental and serum Se concentration in ewes. Colostrum Se increased linearly with dietary Se in the treatment groups. At birth, lamb serum Se ranged from 48.96 ng/mL to 195.52 ng/mL and was affected by the Se concentration of the ewe diets, which indicated placenta transfer of selenium from the dam. As selenium level increased in basal diet, an upward trend was observed in maternal free thyroxine concentration. Likewise, serum free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and immunoglobulin G concentrations of lambs from the three treatment groups were significantly greater than of the control lambs. As a result, selenium supplementation was important for maintaining Se and immunoglobulin G concentration in placenta, serum, and colostrum in ewes.
The Effectiveness of Recombinant Ol Fusion Protein (ovalbumin-Lhrh in Suppressing Reproductive Functions When Injected in Single-Dose Vaccination Protocols With Different Adjuvants
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2013) Karakus, Ferda; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Hakan, Bunyamin; Stormo, Keith; Ulker, Hasan
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant LHRH fusion protein, Ovalbumin-LHRH-7 (OL), using a single-dose vaccination protocol in combination with different adjuvants in suppressing reproductive functions in buck kids. For this purpose, either a mixture of free OL antigen and encapsulated OL antigen, or encapsulated OL antigen was used. Thirty-nine native buck kids at 12 weeks of age were divided into control (n = 7) and treatment groups (n = 8 bucks/group). The four treatment groups were formed according to the different vaccine formulations: Group CpG received 0.5 mg free OL protein together with 1.0 mg of encapsulated protein with CpG adjuvant. Group mFCA received 0.5 mg free OL protein together with 1.0 mg of encapsulated protein with modified Freund's complete adjuvant. Group IS received 1.5 mg encapsulated OL protein with a mix of inulin and saponin adjuvants. Group ISmFCA received 1.5 mg encapsulated OL protein with a mix of inulin, saponin and modified Freund's complete adjuvants. Scrotal circumference in CpG and mFCA groups were significantly smaller than that of Control, IS and ISmFCA groups (P < 0.05). Numbers and percentage of bucks having spermatozoa in their ejaculate were significantly lower in CpG and mFCA groups (P < 0.05). OL immunization completely suppressed sperm production, except one buck, in CpG and mFCA groups (P < 0.05). These results imply that it is possible to use OL protein in a single injection protocol for the purpose of immunocastration. Further investigation with a larger number of animals should be carried out to determine the longevity of response to a single injection. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Docking on Fattening Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Fat-Tailed Norduz Male Lambs
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Bingol, Mehmet; Aygun, Turgut; Gokdal, Ozdal; Yilmaz, Ayhan
The effects of docking on fattening performance and carcass characteristics were investigated using 28 fat-tailed Norduz single-born male lambs raised at the Research and Practice Farm of Yuzuncu Yil University of Van, Turkey. Lambs (n = 13) were docked at 1 day of age with rubber-rings using elastrator. After weaning, lambs were fed concentrates ad libitum for 70 days. Carcasses of slaughtered lambs were chilled at +4 degrees C for 24 h and evaluated for carcass characteristics. Average daily live weight gains of control and docked lambs were 203 and 210 g, respectively. The slaughter and carcass characteristics of the control and docked lambs were as follows: untailed dressing percentages 38 and 43%; kidney and pelvic fat weights 0.07 and 0.11 kg; neck weights 0.6 and 0.7 kg; flank-breast weights 0.76 and 0.98 kg; tail fat weights 3.08 and 1.07 kg, respectively. These differences were significant. Though not significant, corresponding estimates for Musculus longissimus dorsi areas 16.8 and 19.1 cm(2); muscle ratios 42 and 41%; bone ratios 24 and 23%; subcutaneous fat ratios 12.2 and 15.7%; intramuscular fat ratios 3.6 and 3.8%, respectively, were important. The results of this research indicated that docking of fat-tailed Norduz lambs was beneficial in both improving daily live weight gain and carcass characteristics by consumers. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of Genotype on Testis, Semen Quality, and Mineral Composition of Semen in Various Ram Breeds
(Humana Press inc, 2009) Mert, Handan; Karakus, Kadir; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Aygun, Turgut; Mert, Nihat; Apaydin, Betul; Seyhan, Ercan
This study was carried out on nine 3-5-year-old rams of different species: four Norduz, two Karakas, and three Ile de France x Akkaraman rams. Sperm of each ram was collected by means of an artificial vagina once per month from June to October 2007. In each case, the sperm volume, pH, viscosity, mass activity, motility, concentration, abnormal spermatozoa ratio, and the sperm death/live ratio were recorder along with the animals' testis diameter and scrotum circumferences. The concentrations of calcium, potassium, copper, magnesium, iron, and zinc levels in seminal plasma were determined. There were changes in the measured parameters according to genotype and time of sampling, which can be useful for better planning of anestrous mating programs for these ram species.
Effects of Some Factors on Growth of Lambs and the Determination of Growth Curve Models
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Ferda; Bingol, Mehmet; Kaki, Baris; Ser, Gazel
The aims were to identify the body weight of the several age groups in Norduz lambs and its correlations between these traits were to determine the best non-linear growth curve models for the growth performance of the Norduz sheep breed. A total of 91 male and female of Norduz lambs were evaluated under extensive system conditions. The least square means for weights at birth and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195 and 210 days of age periods were 4.51 +/- 0.56, 9.28 +/- 0.25, 11.14 +/- 0.29, 14.99 +/- 0.37, 18.21 +/- 0.43, 22.54 +/- 0.54, 22.33 +/- 0.25, 23.59 +/- 0.54, 25.58 +/- 0.55, 28.07 +/- 0.58, 29.45 +/- 0.60, 29.98 +/- 0.84, 32.44 +/- 0.61, 32.03 +/- 0.59 and 31.45 +/- 0.57 kg, respectively. There were differences in favor of lambs of four-year old dams at 15 days of age and also lambs born single at 90 days of age for the body weight. The effect of weight of dam at birth, 30, 45, 60 days of age was significant (P<0.05-P<0.01) and the birth weight in lambs importantly effected the weights at 15, 30, and 45 days of age. All correlations between the body weights of several age periods were significant as statistical (P<0.01). As for the growth models, distinguished models were compared using the coefficient of determination and mean square error for both sexes. As a result, we concluded that von Bertalanffy model were the best model in comparison with the other models for biological growth curves in Norduz male and female lambs.
Effects of the Maternal Behavior Score (Mbs) on Weaning Weight and Litter Survival in Sheep
(Academic Journals, 2011) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat; Bingol, Mehmet; Kor, Askin; Kaki, Baris
This study intends to describe the differences concerning maternal behavior score between the different genotypes and groups of the age of dam in less selected Norduz, Karakas, and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakas crosses, and also aims to determine the effects of Maternal Behavior Score (MBS) on weaning weight and survival of lambs in genotypes studied. Experimental subjects were 92 heads of the 2, 3 and 4 years-old of the Norduz, karakas and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakas crosses. The MBS was scored on a 5-point scale based on the distance a ewe retreats from her lambs when the shepherd is tagging them. Within 24 h of birth, maternal behavior score was evaluated, and survival of the lambs was calculated from birth to weaning and at the same time measured the weaning weight in lambs. We detected that in the ewes lambing the first time MBS were lower than those that they were lambed before (P < 0.01). Similarly, there were the significant differences between genotypes; less selected Norduz sheep had higher maternal behavior score than Karakas and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakas crosses (P < 0.01). The effects of the maternal behavior on weaning weight and survival of the lambs were not found, statistically. It is concluded that with intense improvement programs in genotypes, a reduction regarding maternal behavior score is observed. In other words, the intense improvement programs in extensive animal breeding reduce the maternal ability in sheep.
Evaluation of One-Shot Vaccination Protocol for Suppressing Reproductive Functions in Rams Using Encapsulated Ovalbumin-Lhrh Protein
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2018) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Ferda; Hakan, Bunyamin; Stormo, Keith; Cengiz, Firat; Ulker, Hasan
The objective of study were to determine the effectiveness of Ovalbumin-LHRH-7 (OL) protein administered with cytosine guanine (CpG) adjuvant and Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant (IFA), and used one-shot immunization (single-dose vaccination) protocol in which booster dose included in microspheres in rams. Fifty ram lambs at about a year old were used. Treatment groups receiving Ovalbumin LHRH and control contained 10 animals. They were stratified according to age (weeks), live weight and scrotal circumference size, and were randomly assigned to five groups. Scrotal circumference, sexual activities and the numbers of rams having sperm in the ejaculate were affected from treatment (P<0.05) depending on the dose and vaccination protocol. However, immunization did not affect live weight changes in any treatment groups (P>0.05). Findings clearly demonstrate that the effects of OL immunization on reproductive traits in yearling rams were prominent when it was administered at higher dose and classical one primary and one booster immunization as free protein form. Also we observed that the effect of higher and single dose of OL protein in encapsulated form on reproductive traits had the partial suppressing. CpG adjuvant along with IFA was proved to be an effective adjuvant and could be suggested to be used and alternative to FCA in hormone immunization.
Inhibin Immunization in Norduz Sheep
(Archiv Fur Tierzucht, 2012) Bingol, Mehmet; Daskiran, Irfan; Cedden, Fatin; Demir, A. Ozge; Yilmaz, Ayhan
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of increasing ovulation rate in Norduz sheep by immunization against inhibin-based peptide immunogens. A total of 18 primiparious Norduz ewes were used for this experiment. Eight ewes have received two times inhibin a-subunit 1-32 porcine vaccine with 3 weeks interval. The rest was kept as control. Antibody binding test by standard ELISA method did not provide reliable information. However, ultrasonographic inspection showed that significantly high number of follicle with 5 mm and larger diameter (P<0.01) has developed in immunized ewes. Moreover, 3 of immunized ewes have lambed twin. However, twin birth was not observed in control group.
Investigation of Genetic Structure in Van Cats Using Microsatellite Markers
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2017) Koyun, Hasan; Koncagul, Seyrani; Karakus, Kadir; Okut, Hayrettin; Kucuk, Mursel; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Taspinar, Mehmet
Modeling With Gaussian Mixture Regression for Lactation Milk Yield in Anatolian Buffaloes
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2016) Yesilova, Abdullah; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Ser, Gazel; Kaki, Bads
The purpose of this study was to classify Anatolian buffalo using Gaussian mixture regression model according to discrete and continuous environmental effects. Gaussian mixture model performs separately regression analysis both within and between groups. This is an important property of Gaussian mixture models which makes it different from other multivariate statistical methods. The data were obtained from 1455 Anatolian buffalo lactation milk yield records reared in seven different locations in Bitlis province, Turkey. Age of dam, lactation duration and locations were considered as environmental effects on lactation milk yield. Data set was divided into three homogenous subgroups with respect to AIC and BIC in the Gaussian mixture regression, based on environmental effects on lactation milk yield. Estimated mean for lactation milk yields and mixing probabilities for the first, second and third subgroups were determined as 1494.33 kg (16.9%), 540.33 kg (45.2%) and 847.61 (37.9%), respectively. The numbers of buffalo in each subgroup according to mixing probability were obtained as 159, 756, and 540 for the first, second, and third groups, respectively. The effects of lactation period, age of dam and villages were found statistically significant on lactation milk yield in subgroup 1 that was highest mean for lactation milk yield (p<0.01). In conclusion, results showed that Gaussian mixture regression was an important tool for classifying quantitative traits considering environmental effects in animal breeding.
Relationships Between Physiological and Behavioral Responses of Goat Bucks in Mating Season
(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Ser, Gazel; Saribey, Muammer
The objective of this study was to determine the sexual parameters in young bucks with different sexual activity and the effect of experience (age) on sexual parameters in bucks. Fifteen young, sexually inexperienced (SI) and five adult, sexually experienced (SE) Saanen x Hair goat crossbred bucks were used in this study. Bucks were individually exposed to three estrus does for 15-min periods during four sexual performance tests, which were carried out every other day to determine some sexual behavior traits such as flehmen response, reaction time, and ejaculation efficiency. Sexually inexperienced young bucks were evaluated based on their sexual activity (active (AC) vs inactive (IA)) and presence of horn. It was found that AC bucks had significantly higher serum testosterone concentrations (31.5 vs 21.5 ng/mL) and weight loss (114.2 vs 51.2 g/day) than IA bucks. In addition, weight loss was significantly correlated with ejaculation efficiency in young bucks. On the other hand, horned bucks tended to have higher ejaculation efficiency with significantly longer reaction time than polled bucks. For experience (age) classes, SE bucks had higher testosterone concentration (76.0 vs 31.5 ng/mL) and weight loss (16.7 vs 8.6%) than SI active young bucks. However, the effect of experience on other sexual performance traits was found to be limited. Overall, these results indicate that testosterone concentration may affect sexual performance of young bucks in the mating season. Age-related sexual experience is not a determining factor for sexual performance in bucks. However, sexual performance data alone may not reflect reproductive outcomes without semen data.
A Research on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Body Weights of Anatolian Buffaloes
(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2017) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Ocak, Elvan; Kose, Senol
The objective of this study was to define the lactation milk yield and milk composition, and the weights at birth, at 180 and 365 days of age in Anatolian buffaloes reared in Bitlis province of Turkey. The animal material of the study consisted of 1448 Anatolian buffaloes having different ages. The lactation milk yield and lactation length were calculated from monthly milking records during the lactation period. The least squares means for lactation milk yield and lactation length in Anatolian buffaloes were 763.99 +/- 18.66 kg and 262.63 +/- 8.37 days, respectively. Dry matter, protein, fat, lactose, ash contents and pH value of the milk of Anatolian buffaloes were 16.08 +/- 1.54%, 3.40 +/- 0.67%, 7.09 +/- 1.38%, 4.57%+/- 0.81, 0.67 +/- 0.30%, and 6.6810.40, respectively. The weights at birth, at 180 and 365 days of age were 29.28 +/- 0.56, 97.51 +/- 1.56 and 142.16 +/- 1.50 kg, respectively. As a result, the values found for the lactation characteristics and the body weights of Anatolian buffaloes were low compared to genotypes raised in intensive production systems, but the potential of genetics of buffaloes reared in traditional production systems can be understood providing of adequate environmental conditions and planning of effective selection programs.
Sexual Behaviour Characteristics in Norduz and Karakas Rams and Changes With Age
(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2009) Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Ferda; Yesilova, Abdullah
This study was performed to determine the changes of sexual behaviour traits based on age in Norduz and Karakas rams Akkaraman variety. For this purpose, the rams were divided into two groups according to age. First and second group consisted of 3 >= and 2 years old rams, respectively. To determine sexual behaviours, the rams of the first (n=7) and second (n=5) groups were tested individually with 3-5 estrous sheep for 15-min periods in each 2 days. The defined values for anogenital investigations without flehmen, anogenital investigations with flehmen, rising of tail, vocalization, mounts without ejaculation and ejaculations in rams were found as 4.65 +/- 0.53, 2.08 +/- 0.19, 8.58 +/- 0.97, 62.90 +/- 6.30, 38.73 +/- 3.04, 1.29 +/- 0.19, respectively. The least squares mean for mounting duration, ejaculation duration and ejaculation efficiency were found as 0.65 +/- 0.11 min., 5.16 +/- 0.71 min. and 0.05 +/- 0.006, respectively. Over the 4 test days, 3 >= years old rams were superior in terms of rising of tail, the vocalization, ejaculations, ejaculation duration and ejaculation efficiency than 2 years old rams (P<0.05). It was observed that sexual activity test did not provide an improvement in 2 years old rams.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Gdf9 Gene/Exon 2 Region and Their Associations With Milk Yield and Milk Content Traits in Karakas and Norduz Sheep Breeds
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Koyun, Hasan; Kiraz, Selahaddin; Karaca, Serhat; Koncagul, Seyrani; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Kadir; Aygun, Turgut
Karakas and Norduz sheep have been adapted to the Lake Van region of Turkey for many years as being domestic genetic resources and meat, milk, and fleece traits are a reliable economic resource especially preferred by small family businesses around the area. In this study, the data set consisted of milk yield (MY) and milk content components; milk fat (MF), fat-free dry matter (FFDM), dry matter (DM), protein (Pro), lactose (Lac), pH, acidity H (aH), and lactic acid (Lac). Besides, Karakas (n = 30) and Norduz (n = 26) sheep were chosen to investigate based on the SNP method. Correspondingly, genomic DNA from both breeds exon 2 of the GDF9 gene region was amplified, 815 base pairs (bp) in length, by means of PCR. Therefore, there were three noval SNPs detected in both breeds under investigation. Although SNP1 and 2 with genotypes of GG and AG had statistically significant impacts on both milk production and milk components (p < 0.01), SNP3 with genotypes of TT, TC had no significant effects on the milk characteristics in question.
Some Productive Characteristics and Body Measurements of Norduz Goats of Turkey
(Springer, 2012) Bingol, Mehmet; Gokdal, Ozdal; Aygun, Turgut; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Daskiran, Irfan
Productive characteristics and body measurements of Norduz goats, a native genetic resource in Turkey, were measured. The animals studied were brought from natural habitats to the farm of the Animal Science Department of Agricultural Faculty, Yuzuncu YA +/- l University. Least squares means of withers height (WH), body length (BL), chest width at back of withers (CWBW), chest depth (CD), chest girth (CG) and leg girth (LG) of Norduz does were 65.9 +/- 1.08, 67.2 +/- 1.08, 21.1 +/- 0.88, 30.8 +/- 0.62, 88.9 +/- 1.78 and 60.4 +/- 1.28 cm, respectively. Least squares means of body weights after parturition of does were 41.3 +/- 2.01 kg. The means of lactation length and lactation milk yield were 226. +/- 7.2 days and 347 +/- 40.1, respectively. Twinning rate, fertility, fecundity, litter size and litter size at weaning were 30%, 98%, 1.27, 1.30 and 1.28, respectively. Means of WH, BL, CWBW, CD, CG, LG and body weights of Norduz bucks were 73.9 +/- 2.61, 75.6 +/- 2.23, 21.4 +/- 0.67, 33.9 +/- 1.15, 95.0 +/- 2.34, 69.8 +/- 2.69 cm and 58.7 +/- 3.91 kg, respectively.