Browsing by Author "Yilmaz, I"

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Determination of the Chemical Composition and Digestible Dry Matter Yields of Some Grain Sorghum Varieties
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Akdeniz, H; Karsli, MA; Nursoy, H; Yilmaz, I
The objective of this study was to determine sorghum varieties that are suitable for north Anatolian conditions and possess high nutrient yields. Eight grain sorghum varieties, namely, Ogretmenoglu, Akdari, Aldari, Beydari, Ramada, A-298, DK-64 and KS-397, were utilized as plant material in the experiment. When the grains were mature, they were harvested first, and then residues were harvested by hand. Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro DM digestibility. Digestible DM yields were also calculated. The DM content of residues ranged from 26.64% to 35.36% (P < 0.05). Concentrations of OM in residues were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Ramada and Aldari compared with the other varieties. While NDF and ADF concentrations in residues were highest in Beydari, they were lowest in DK-64 (P < 0.05). Residues of DK-64 and Aldari had the highest in vitro digestibilities, DM yields and digestible DM yields (P < 0.05). Ogretmentoglu grain had the highest CP, whereas Beydari had the lowest in vitro digestibility (P < 0.05). Ramada grain had the highest DM and digestible DM yields (P < 0.05). Total (forage + grain) DM yield, digestible DM yield and CP yield were significantly higher in Ramada and A-298 compared with the other varieties (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that, of the sorghum varieties grown, Ramada had the highest yield and adaptation for north Anatoilan conditions, followed by A-298, based on digestible DM and CP yields, respectively.
Dye Plants of East Anatolia Region (Turkey)
(New York Botanical Garden, 2003) Özgökçe, F; Yilmaz, I
Dye plants that are commonly used by the regional people of East Anatolia were studied. The following information was collected: local name of plants, the part of plants containing dye, obtained color, dying substances, and extraction of colors. As a result of area investigations carried out between 1994 and 2000, 50 taxa (used for dying wool yams in the region) belonging to 38 genera and 26 families were determined from collected specimens. By using the dying plants and mediator substances, 15 different colors and tones can be obtained. The main colors are yellow, green, olive green, black, red, blue, dark blue, brown, gray, beige, orange, khaki, mustard, purple, and smoke. The colors and their many different tones were observed on kilims and carpets that are woven in the East Anatolia region of Turkey.
The Effects of Adding Urea or Urea Plus Molasses in Some Sorghum Varieties Harvested at Dough Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Dry Matter Yield
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2004) Demirel, M; Deniz, S; Yilmaz, I; Nursoy, H
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses into some sorghum varieties (Gozde, P-988, Grazer and Grass-II) harvested at the dough stage on silage quality, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and digestible DM yields. Triplicate silage samples from each variety and treatment group, a total of 36 silage samples, were prepared in 1 l mino-silos and incubated for 90 days. Silage DM and crude protein (CP) levels ranged from 29.56 to 33.46%, and from 7.16 to 12.63%, respectively. Addition of urea or urea + molasses increased CP. and urea + molasses increased DM but decreased the NDF content of all silages (P < 0,05). Silage pHs were between 4.08 and 4.71, and the addition of urea and urea + molasses increased silage pH (P < 0,05). Lactic, acetic and butyric acid concentrations of silages, on DM bases, ranged from 3.50 to 8.01%; from 0.58 to 1.44% and from 0.01 to 0.14%, respectively. The addition of urea and urea + molasses increased the lactic acid and decreased the propionic acid concentration of silages (P < 0,05), although butyric acid concentrations were not affected. Urea supplementation did not affect acetic acid concentrations, and urea + molasses increased the acetic acid concentration of silages. In vitro DM digestibilities of Gozde, P-988, Grazer and Grass-II varieties were 52.85, 54.20, 54.96 and 54.39%, respectively. The addition of urea + molasses to Gozde increased in vitro DM digestibilities, but urea and urea + molasses addition decreased in vitro DM digestibilities in other varieties (P < 0,05). The P-988 variety had the highest digestible DM yield (804.38 kg/decare)(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the P-988 sorghum variety seemed to be the best suited Van ecological conditions based on silage fermentation quality and digestible DM yield.
The Effects of Sewage Sludge and Nitrogen Applications on Grain Sorghum Grown (Sorghum Vulgare L.) in Van-Turkey
(Hard, 2006) Akdeniz, H; Yilmaz, I; Bozkurt, MA; Keskin, B
The research was conducted in Van, located in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The purpose of this research was to assess environmental hazards to crops and soils from sludge-borne heavy metal; and the potential of using sludge as an alternative to commercial fertilizer, yield, N content and uptake of grain sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L. A-298). Sorghum plants were grown on sandy clay soils under irrigated conditions. Three levels of biosolids were topically applied at rates of 7, 14 and 21 Mg ha(-1); and two level of nitrogen were also applied at rates of 40 and 80 kg ha(-1). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Biosolids increased yields of dry matter and grain, plant length, N content of leaves, total N uptake and harvest index (HI). Grain yield was significantly correlated with plant length, N content of leaf and whole-plant, and total nitrogen uptake. Nitrogen harvest index (NHI) did not show significant correlation with any considered parameter other than harvest index. In contrast, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) had a negative relationship with dry matter (DM) yield, N content of whole-plant, N content of grain and total N uptake. Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd, Pb and especially soil Zn concentrations increased with sewage sludge rates. In general, none of the heavy metals studied in both leaves and seed of crop reached either phytotoxic or toxic levels for humans or livestock [1]. The results showed that sewage sludge could be used as N fertilizer in grain sorghum production.
Humic Acid Applications To Lettuce Do Not Improve Yield but Do Improve Phosphorus Availability
(Taylor & Francis As, 2005) Cimrin, KM; Yilmaz, I
The effects of humic acid ( HA) and phosphorus ( P) applications on plant growth and nutrient content of lettuce, together with available soil phosphorus remaining after harvest were examined. The amounts of phosphorus used were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha(-1) and those of humic acid were 0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha(-1). Phosphorus increased the nitrogen content of lettuce significantly (P< 0.01) while the application of humic acid did not have significant effect. Humic acid, phosphorus, and HA x P interaction increased the nitrogen content of lettuce significantly (P< 0.05). All effects were not significant for plant K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Mn contents. Application of phosphorus decreased Zn content significantly ( P< 0.05). Increased amount of phosphorus caused significant increases in residual soil phosphorus (P< 0.01). It was concluded that the application of 120 kg ha(-1) of phosphorus together with 300 kg ha(-1) of humic acid was convenient for the head weight of lettuce.
Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Blood of Patients With Malignant Breast Tumour and Benign Breast Disease
(Wiley, 2002) Polat, MF; Taysi, S; Gul, M; Cikman, O; Yilmaz, I; Bakan, E; Erdogan, F
The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme defences in the blood of patients with malignant breast tumour and benign breast disease. Forty patients with malignant breast tumour, 20 patients with benign breast disease and also 20 healthy control subjects were recruited for the study. Malondialdehyde levels in plasma and erythrocytes, and the activities of erythrocyte CuZn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured. Malondialdehyde levels were higher in patients with both benign breast disease and malignant breast tumour compared with control subjects. The activities of all antioxidant enzymes were higher in patients with malignant breast tumour, while only glutathione peroxidase and CuZn-superoxide dismutase activities were higher in patients with benign breast disease. Except for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the antioxidant enzymes studied correlated positively with the malondialdehyde levels in patients with malignant breast tumour. On the other hand, only glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased by the level of malignancy. The activity increases in erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory upregulation in response to increased oxidative stress especially in patients with malignant breast tumour. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.