Browsing by Author "Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki"

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Assessment as Establishing Fertilizer of Biosolid in a Sod Establishment With Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca Rubra Var. Rubra)
(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-fepr, 2011) Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Arvas, Osmetullah; Celebi, Rafet; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
This study was carried out to determine the assessment as establishing fertilizer of biosolid in a sod establishment with creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra var. rubra) in Van in 2007-2008 years. In this study carried out using randomized complete-block design with three replications, it was evaluated the doses of 3, 6, 9 and 12 t/da biosolid (sewage sludge) and application as establishing fertilizer of farmyard manure that was used as a control. In the study, criteria such as plant height, green grass yield, plant covered area, weed rate, color and turfgrass quality of creeping red fescue were evaluated. In the result of study, in observations at the first period of primary year, plant height, green grass yield and plant-covered area values were found to be a low in applications where high doses of biosolid were used and at the further periods, these values were found to be a high. Color and turfgrass quality criteria in fields used as establishing fertilizer of biosolid give generally the best results according to fields used the farmyard manure in each observation period. In the result of this study, it has been considered that biosolid was increased the turfgrass performance of creeping red fescue and was an important alternative to a farmyard manure in establishing stage.
The Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) Applications on the Silage Maize (Zea Mays L.) Yield in Different Irrigation Regimes
(Elsevier France-editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2010) Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Demir, Semra; Celebi, Rafet; Durak, Emre Demirer; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
In this study the effect of AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) Glomus intraradices on the silage yield of maize (Zea mays L) under five different irrigation regimes was studied. Plant height, green herbage yield, dry matter yield, leaf, stem and ear ratios were evaluated as yield criteria in the study. It was found that AMF inoculation increased the silage yield in the whole irrigation when compared to those which were not applied with AMF. In addition, it was particularly established that AMF application brought about significant increase even in restricted irrigation conditions in green and dry matter yield. It was also realised that, with AMF application, there was an increase in leaf and stem ratios but a decrease in ear ratios. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Effect of Atrazine Applications on Weed Growth and Yield at Different Irrigation Levels in Corn (Zea Mays L.) Growth
(Academic Journals, 2010) Kaya, Ilhan; Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Yergin, Reyyan; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
Corn (Zea mays L.), for silage, is very important in animal feeding because winter seasonal conditions last longer in Eastern Turkey. Corn yield components were investigated in plots, in which herbicide had been applied and also not applied at different irrigation levels in this study. The study lasted for two years and soil-water content was kept at five different levels [96% (I-1), 63% (I-2), 32% (I-3), 15% (I-4) and 4% (I-5)]. The species and intensities of the weeds at the irrigation levels were determined in the study. Plant length, green and dry herbage yields, leaf, stem and ear ratios were studied as criteria for corn yield. At the same irrigation levels, higher efficiency values were determined according to non applied plots in the atrazine applied plots. In both years, the lowest green herbage and dry herbage yields were determined at I-4 and I-5 irrigation levels. The weeds that are mostly seen on the plots, in which atrazine had not been applied are Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. and Sinapis arvensis L, respectively. Similarly, for both years, high densities of weeds were observed in the highly moisturized lands. The atrazine activities increased at the I-1 and I-2 irrigation levels in which water content of the soil is high.
The Effect of Sewage Sludge and Chemical Fertilizer on Natural Pasture's Yield and Botanical Composition
(Wfl Publ, 2011) Arvas, Osmetullah; Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
Meadows converted into poor quality pastureland, as a result of early and over grazing, must regained their productive capacity. Since sewage biosolid (sewage sludge) contains high ratio of organic matter and nutrients, its use as fertilizer has become widespread. The aim of this research is to investigate the usability of waste of sewage biosolid (SB) as fertilizer as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in amending the poor quality pastureland. In this study, in the first experiment 25, 50, 75 and 100 ton ha(-1) year closes of sewage biosolid (SB) and in the other one 50(N-1) +25(P-1), 100(N-2) +50(P-2), 150(N-3) +75(P-3), 200(N-4) +100(P-4) kg ha(-1) year doses of chemical fertilizers (CF) were applied to investigate their effects on yield and botanical composition. The experiment was conducted in complete block design with three replications in the same plots during two years. While the rate of contribution of grasses to the hay was increasing, rate of legumes was decreased by biosolid applications. In terms of biological diversity, the most stable botanical composition was reached by application of 25 ton ha(-1) year doses of biosolid and 50 kg N ha(-1)+25 kg P2O5 ha(-1) doses of chemical fertilizer. Green herbage, hay and crude protein yield and crude protein ratio were more increased by biosolid application. The highest yield was obtained from 75 ton ha(-1) year doses of biosolid and 150 kg N ha(-1) +75 kg P2O5 ha(-1) doses of chemical fertilizer. It was concluded that in similar ecological conditions, lowest doses of sewage sludge provided herbage with equal yield and high quality as the highest doses of chemical fertilizers.
Effect of Sewage Sludge and Synthetic Fertilizer on Ph, Available N and P in Pasture Soils in Semi-Arid Area, Turkey
(Academic Journals, 2011) Arvas, Osmetullah; Celebi, Seyda Zorer; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
Activated sewage sludge from the aerobically-digested treatment and synthetic fertilizer were used to determine total N, available P and pH in different soil depth of pasture in semi arid ecological condition, in Van, Turkey. The study was carried out in a completely randomized block. Four treatment of sewage sludge, one treatment of synthetic fertilizer and no treatment as a control were used in two consecutive years. Soil samples were collected from surface soil (0 to 20 cm) and subsoil (20 to 40 cm) 11 months after SS (sewage sludge) and TSP (triple super phosphate) application and 7 months after AN application for both years. By using sewage sludge and synthetic fertilizers treatments, surface and subsoil pH decreased. The decreases of pH in SF and control plots in both soil depths in 2008 were attributed to root biomass. Although, sewage sludge contains less amount of nitrogen than synthetic fertilizer does, it enabled nitrogen detection in both soil depths for a longer time and in a higher amount. While an increase in the amount of nitrogen in surface soil and subsoil was determined in 2007, a decrease in these was determined in 2008 in both depths. Amount of subsoil available phosphorus increased more by sewage sludge applications. However, amount of surface soil available phosphorus increased more by sewage sludge applications in 2007, while it increased more by synthetic fertilizer application in 2008. The lowest pH value, highest amounts of total N and available P was obtained by higher doses of sewage sludge. However, when long time applications and mineralization process were considered, sewage sludge's dose of 2.5 ton/ha(-1) ya(-1) can be said to provide more beneficial results than the synthetic fertilization's highest dose which is suggested for pastures and meadows.
The Effects of Subsidizing Forage Production on Animal Production in Van, Turkey
(Medwell online, 2009) Sahin, Kasim; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
In last 5 years, government of Turkey (ministry of agriculture) is subsidizing forages cultivation, therefore forage cultivated area and forage production is increasing continuously in Van. That forage production is also affecting stock breeding positively. However, there is a lack of information on amount of forage production and increases on animal product in the region. The data belonged to 2007 production period and were collected from 441 forage producing farmers face to face by means of questionnaires. Forage production area in each farm was 2.51 ha, which were mainly alfalfa (2.09 ha), sanfoin (0.36 ha), vetch (0.01 ha) and silage corn (0.04 ha). Average cow number in each farm was 11.82 (5.28 dairy and 6.54 fattening cattles) and average sheep number was 46.66. Forages produced in each farm were used to feed animal in same farm. Produced forages just met 81.40% of requirement of farms. Concentrate feeds are provided from feed-milling companies. Forage production increased 2.21 folds within last 5 years. However, numbers of dairy cows and sheep increased only 23 and 18%, respectively. Even though there was a considerable amount of increase in forage production with subsidies, this increase was not seen in animal production. Thus, it can be said that subsidizing forage production did not adequately met the goal.
Possibilities of Using Sewage Sludge as Nitrogen Fertilizer for Maize
(Taylor & Francis As, 2006) Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Akdeniz, Hakki; Keskin, Bilal; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer sources of ammonium sulphate and municipal sewage sludge on yield, N content and uptake of the maize (Zea mays L.). Nutrient and heavy metals were determined in soil and plant. The experiment with three sludge rates ( 256, 513 and 1026 kg total N ha(-1) or 9.5, 18.0 and 38.1 t ha(-1) sludge), two nitrogen rates ( 80 and 160 kg N ha(-1)) and zero-N control were conducted on a clay loam soils under irrigated conditions in Eastern Anatolia region in Turkey. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Yield, N content and total N uptake of maize increased significantly with sludge application. 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha(-1) sewage sludge applications did not significantly affect heavy metal content of leaf and grain. However, 38.1 t ha(-1) sludge applications increased leaf Pb and Zn. DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn concentrations of the soil increased at applications of 38.1 t ha(-1) sewage sludge, whereas applications of 9.5 t and 19.0 t ha(-1) sludge only resulted in elevated levels of Cu and Zn. We conclude that if sewage sludge is to be used in production of maize, applications rate up to 19 t ha(-1) could be accepted. However, this means also that the N requirement of maize crop is not covered by the sludge; therefore, the rest of nitrogen could be supplied as inorganic N.
Sewage Sludge as Nitrogen Source for Irrigated Silage Sorghum
(Medwell online, 2009) Keskin, Bilal; Yilmaz, Ibrahim Hakki; Bozkurt, Mehmet Ali; Akdeniz, Hakki
Field experiment was conducted in clay loam soil in Van, located in the eastern part of Turkey, to study sewage sludge and ammonium sulphate as nitrogen sources for sorghum. Silage and dry matter yield, plant height, stem, leaf and particle ratio, plant nitrogen content, total N uptake, leaf nutrient and heavy metal content, soil DTPA-extractable nutrient and heavy metal content were quantified. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Two rates of ammonium sulphate (50, 100 kg ha(-1)) and three rates of sewage sludge (5.95, 11.90 and 23.80 Mg ha(-1)) were applied to plots. Sorghum plant was irrigated once a week until soil water content reached to field capacity. Silage and dry matter yield, plant height and total N uptake increased with application of chemical N fertilizer and sewage sludge as compared to control. The yield results revealed that, 100 kg ha(-1) nitrogen rate and 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sewage sludge rate caused to produce almost the same amount of silage and dry matter yield. Leaf N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn content of sorghum increased with application of N fertilizer and sewage sludge. Mentioned nutrients in leaf were found pretty similar with application of 100 kg ha(-1) N rate and 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate. Besides, Potassium content of sorghum leaf was not affected by either treatment. Leaf Zn content increased with application of N fertilizer and sewage sludge and it reached the highest level at 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate. Leaf Cu content increased only with application of sewage sludge. Also, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni contents in experiment soil increased with application of sewage sludge and their levels reached to the highest at 23.80 Mg ha(-1) sludge rate. None of heavy metal reached toxic level either in plant or in soil. Results indicated that sewage sludge, produced in Van region, could be used as a fertilizer nitrogen source for sorghum, without risks associated with toxic heavy metals.