Browsing by Author "Yilmaz, Osman"

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Cardiothoracic Ratio and Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Relationship a Meta-Analysis Study
(Saudi Med J, 2023) Elasan, Sadi; Yilmaz, Osman
Objectives: To determine the overall effect size, identify the study with the strongest effect size, and examine the age group with the strongest relationships between the variables.Methods: In this study, a meta-analytical analysis was carried out by bringing together 13 studies from around the world examining the statistical relationships between cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Thus, it is hoped that the results will contribute to studies on the relationships between CTR and LVEF and bring a holistic view to these relationships. To determine CTR, studies were identified through a review of the literature, and those that reported a correlation between the variables under investigation were included in the analysis process. The date range of this study 01.11.2022-15.01.2023.Results: According to the findings, when all the results were analysed together, the mean effect size for CTR and LVEF correlation was found to be r=-0.12. When all studies were considered separately, generally small negative correlations were observed between CTR and LVEF. It is possible to say that there is no publication bias in the studies.Conclusion: This study is a meta-analytic study combining 13 studies examining the statistical relationships between CTR and LVEF. The results of this study are expected to make a valuable contribution to the field of research on the relationship between CTR and LVEF, providing a more comprehensive understanding of these associations.PROSPERO Reg. No.: 392207
Comprehensive Global Analysis of Future Trends in Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Veterinary Medicine
(Wiley, 2025) Elasan, Sadi; Yilmaz, Osman
Background This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of global trends in 'artificial intelligence studies in veterinary medicine'. The analysis aims to summarise the publications of researchers from various disciplines related to artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine, thereby predicting future trends of AI in this field. The primary objective of the study is to investigate publications pertaining to artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine worldwide and to analyse trends and future developments in this area. Methods This bibliometric study examines artificial intelligence research in veterinary medicine conducted worldwide from 1990 to 2024. To achieve this, a search using the keywords 'artificial intelligence' and 'veterinary medicine' was performed in the Web of Science (WOS) database, resulting in the identification of 1497 studies. After excluding irrelevant publications and those outside the scope of articles, a total of 1400 articles were included in the analysis. The data collection process utilised titles, author names, publication years, journal names, and citation counts. All textual data were analysed using VOSviewer software to ensure accuracy and reliability. In this study, analyses conducted through text mining and data visualisation techniques (e.g., bubble maps) facilitated a clearer understanding of the results. Results This study presents information about 1400 articles obtained from the WOS database and a total of 44,700 citations for these articles. The average number of citations per article is 32, with an H-index of 74. A rapid increase in both the number of articles and citations has been observed since 2019. The majority of the articles (30%) were published in the fields of veterinary sciences, artificial intelligence, and computer sciences. The United States, Taiwan and the United Kingdom are the leading countries, accounting for 84% of the published articles in this field. Additionally, 12% of the articles were published in the area of veterinary sciences, and 85% of the articles fall within the SCI-Expanded category. Conclusions The findings of our study indicate that there are numerous active researchers in the field of artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine and that research in this area is steadily increasing. This bibliometric analysis highlights global trends and significant works in artificial intelligence within veterinary medicine, providing valuable insights into the future directions of research in this field. As the analysis aims solely to identify trends and patterns in the literature, it does not intend to evaluate the applicability of the subject matter.
Computed Tomographic Imaging Characteristics of the Thyroid Glands in Clinically Normal Van Cats
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2021) Yilmaz, Osman
This study was performed to obtain morphometric and volumetric measurements of thyroid glands of Van Cats, and to determine homotypical variations and biometric differences between the genders.Thyroid gland computed tomography (CT) images obtained from a total of 16 clinically healthy adult Van Cats (8 males, 8 females) were used in the study. Measurements were made on the transverse, sagittal, and dorsal sections of both right and left thyroid gland CT images. Volumes of the thyroid lobes were estimated using transverse ellipse, maximum ellipse, and planimetry methods. Statistical analyses were then performed on the obtained morphometric and volumetric values. In terms of sexual dimorphism in Van Cats, morphometric and volumetric measurement values of the thyroid gland were found to be larger in male cats than in females (P<0.05). When the parameters were inspected in terms of homotypical variations, measured values for the right thyroid lobes were found to be larger compared to the left thyroid lobe values in both male and female cats. Average length, width, height values for male thyroid glands were 25.41 +/- 1.63 mm, 2.49 +/- 0.09 mm, and 4.54 +/- 0.21 mm, respectively, while the same values were 19.57 +/- 0.92 mm, 2.06 +/- 0.17 mm, and 4.19 +/- 0.21 for female cats, respectively. Average thyroid gland volumes calculated through transverse ellipse, maximum ellipse, and planimetry values were 149.46 +/- 19.71 mm(3), 154.80 +/- 19.70 mm(3), and 166.86 +/- 19.04 mm(3) for males, respectively. The female counterparts for these values were 89.52 +/- 11.82 mm(3), 92.31 +/- 11.90 mm(3), 109.40 +/- 6.02 mm(3), respectively. As a result, various parameters on CT images of thyroid glands in clinically healthy Van Cats were measured and the results were statistically evaluated between the genders. It is thought that the results will be useful in the evaluation of abnormal thyroid glands in Van Cats CT images in clinical practices.
Computed Tomography-Based Morphometric Analysis of the Hip Bones (Ossa Coxae) in Turkish Van Cats
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2021) Yilmaz, Osman; Demircioglu, Ismail
This study was carried out to determine the osteometric measurement values of the ossa coxae by using three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the images obtained by computed tomography in Van Cats. In the study, 16 adult Van cats, 8 of which are male ones and 8 female ones, were used. Firstly, cats were anesthetized with the ketamine HCl - xylazine HCl combination. Their images were obtained by scanning through 16 cross-sectional CT devices (Somatom Sensation 16; Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). Then, The scanned images of the ossa coxae in each cat were transformed into the three-dimensional structure by using MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialise Group, Leuven, Belgium) software program. Later, morphometric (12 linear), volumetric, and surface area measurements were calculated and statistical analyses were performed. In the present study, 12 of 14 measurement parameters of the ossa coxae were higher in males than in females. In the osteometric analysis, it was observed that the greatest length of one half (GL), length between the inner edges of the acetabulum (LA), the greatest breadth across the tuber ischiadicum (GBTI), and the smallest breadth across the bodies of the ischia (SBI) measurement values were significantly greater in male cats than in female cats (P<0.05). The volume and surface area values of the ossa coxae in van cats were found as 12.33 +/- 2.14 cm(3) In male cats and 9.81 +/- 0.71 cm(3) in female cats; 94.66 +/- 11.01 cm(2) in male cats and 83.84 +/- 7.73 cm(2) in female cats, respectively. These differences between the measurement values of male and female cats were seen to be statistically significant (P<0.05). As a result, basic morphometric measurement parameters of ossa coxae between both genders in adult Van cats were determined by using CT and 3D modeling programs. It is thought that the data obtained from this study may be useful in determining the sexual dimorphism of these species and also in determining the clinical applications and scientific studies to be carried out in the region.
The Effects of Thymoquinone on Dna Damage, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in an Osteoblast Cell Line Exposed To Ionizing Radiation
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Yilmaz, Osman; Yuksek, Veysel; Cetin, Sedat; Dede, Semiha; Tugrul, Taylan
Ionizing radiation (IR) may induce oxidative-stress-related molecular changes (DNA damage, cell death, etc.) in living organisms by affecting them directly and indirectly in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This study was planned to present the effects of thymoquinone (TQ) in preventing oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptotic cell death that may occur after IR exposure. For this purpose, hFOB 1.19 osteoblast cells were used. Using the MTT viability test, the dose of IR reducing the proliferation of cells and the concentration of TQ increasing cell proliferation the most were determined. Five groups were formed as the Control (C), Thymoquinone (TQ), Ionizing radiation (IR), Ionizing radiation + Thymoquinone (IR + TQ) and Thymoquinone + Ionizing radiation (TQ + IR) groups. By applying the determined concentrations on the cells, DNA damage level was determined with the Comet assay, and the gene expression levels of enzymes effective in the oxidative and apoptotic mechanisms were determined with the RT-qPCR method expression. It was determined that, as a result of IR application for 24 and 72 h, DNA damage occurred in the osteoblast cell line. While no significant change was observed in the oxidative and apoptotic gene expression levels at the end of 24 h, an increase in comparison to the control group was determined in the Sod-1 (2.4-fold), Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 gene expression levels at the end of 72h. . Application of TQ in 72 h of incubation before and after IR application significantly reduced the expression levels of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and DNA damage together with the increased GPx-3 and Sod-1 gene expression.Consequently, it was seen that IR application affected apoptotic and oxidative stress-regulating genes in the hFOB 1.19 osteoblast cell line in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and it was thought that the harmful effects on this cell line may have been caused by the activation of the mitochondrial pathway. It was determined that TQ significantly reduced the gene expression values that changed due to IR and brought them close to those of the control group, and it was concluded that TQ became useful by showing antioxidant properties against the harmful effects of IR.
Examination of Shape Variation of the Skull in British Shorthair, Scottish Fold, and Van Cats
(Mdpi, 2023) Gundemir, Ozan; Szara, Tomasz; Yalin, Ebru Eravci; Karabagli, Murat; Mutlu, Zihni; Yilmaz, Osman; Pares-Casanova, Pere M.
Simple Summary From the taxonomic point of view, it is important to reveal the interspecific and interracial differences in the shape of the skull. This study revealed differences in the shape of the skulls of three different cat breeds. The differences generally occurred around the orbit. It has been shown that the shape of the orbit's edge is a distinctive feature that differentiates the skulls of cats. A variety of skull shapes are frequently used for discrimination between animal species, breeds, and sexes. In this study, skulls of three different breeds of cats were examined by the geometric morphometric method, with the aim of revealing skull shape differences. For this purpose, 27 cats (6 British Shorthair, 7 Scottish Fold, and 14 Van cats) were used. The skulls of cats were modeled by computed tomography. Geometric morphometrics was applied using dorsal (8 landmarks, 63 semilandmarks) and lateral (8 landmarks, 63 semilandmarks) skull projections on these models. Centroid size differences between the breeds were statistically insignificant. However, the differences in shape were statistically significant for both the dorsal view and lateral view. Shape variation was less in the British Shorthair than in other breeds. Shape differences generally occurred around the orbit. In the skull of Scottish Folds, the orbit was situated more caudally than in other breeds. The British Shorthair had the largest orbital ring. In dorsal view, the Scottish Fold had the largest orbital diameter. The orbital ring of Van cats was smallest in both dorsal and lateral views. In the canonical variate analysis, it was seen that the breeds were separated from each other. The shape difference in the skull between different cat breeds could be revealed by geometric morphometrics. The results of this study provide useful information for taxonomy.
Examination of the Morphometric Features and Three-Dimensional Modelling of the Skull in Van Cats by Using Computed Tomographic Images
(Ankara Univ Press, 2021) Yilmaz, Osman; Demircioglu, Ismail
This study was conducted to make the three-dimensional modelling of the skull in Van cats by using computed tomographic images and to determine the morphometric features between sexes. The skulls of 16 adult Van cats were used in the study. The skulls of the anesthetized animals were scanned by using a Computed Tomography (CT) device and their images were obtained. These images were converted to a three-dimensional structure using MIMICS 20.1 software and their morphometric measurements were calculated. It was determined in the study that total length of the skull (TLS), facial length (FCL), upper neurocranium length (UNCL), greatest length of the nasal (GLN), maximum zygomatic width (MZW), condylobasal length (CBL), basal length (BL), median palatal length (MPL), palatal length (PL), least palatal breadth (LPB), length of the cheek tooth row (LCR), greatest inner height of the orbit (GIHO), skull height (SH), and volumetric measurement values were statistically significantly higher in the male cats; whereas, breadth dorsal to the external auditory meatus (BEAM) and neurocranium length (NL) measurement values were statistically significantly higher in the female cats (P<0.05). In conclusion, the statistical differences between the sexes in terms of biometric values of skull of Van cats were determined. Present study would be beneficial to veterinary physicians in the surgical and clinical practice fields and to the studies in the field of zooarchaeology as well as being guiding for determining the typology of Van cats among the cat species and its differences from other species.
Examining the Morphometric Features of Bulbus Oculi in Van Cats by Using Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(Ankara Univ Press, 2021) Yilmaz, Osman; Durmaz, Fatma
This study was conducted to obtain the morphometric and volumetric measurements of bulbus oculi of Van cats, growing around the city of Van in Turkey and named after here, by using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to reveal the biometric differences of these measurement values between the sexes. A total of 16 adult Van cats including 8 females and 8 males were used in the study. The animals were anesthetized with the combination of xylazine and ketamine. The anesthetized animals were scanned by using CT and MRI devices and their images were obtained. Then, the morphometric and volumetric measurements of bulbus oculi were calculated from these images using the software (Syngo CT Software) in the workstation and their statistical analysis was performed. Upon the examination of the morphometric and volumetric analysis results, it was determined that while W (bodyweight) and ACL (Left Anterior Chamber) values were higher in male cats, DVLL (Dorsoventral length of the left lens) value was higher in female cats. These differences between the sexes were statistically significant (P<0.05). The volumetric measurement values of bulbus oculi and lens were determined to be averagely 4.60 +/- 0.27 cm(3) and 0.67 +/- 0.09 cm(3), respectively. In conclusion, the statistical differences of biometric values of bulbus oculi between male and female Van cats were determined by using CT and MRI. It is thought that the present study would contribute to the ophthalmological applications and the students receiving anatomy education.
An Immunohistochemical Study on the Presence of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms (Nnos, Inos, Enos) in the Spinal Cord and Nodose Ganglion of Rats Receiving Ionising Gamma Radiation To Their Liver
(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2020) Yilmaz, Osman; Soyguder, Zafer; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yaman, Turan; Yener, Zabit; Uyar, Ahmet; Cakir, Tahir
Introduction: This study determined the presence of nitric oxide synthesis isoforms (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) in thoracic spinal cord segments and nodose ganglia of rats with gamma-irradiated livers. Material and Methods: Male rats (n = 32) were divided into equal groups A, B, C, and D. In group A, the controls, no radiation was applied, while groups B, C, and D received 10 Gy of ionising gamma radiation. The rats of group B were euthanized at the end of the first day (d1), those of group C on the second day (d2), and those of group D on the third day (d3). The liver, spinal cord segments, and nodose ganglion tissues were dissected and fixed, and the liver sections were examined histopathologically. The other tissues were observed through a light microscope. Results: Regeneration occurred at the end of d3 in hepatocytes which were radiation-damaged at the end of d1 and d2. On d1, some nNOS-positive staining was found in the neuronal cells of laminae I-III of the spinal cord and in neurons of the nodose ganglion, and on d3, some staining was observed in lamina X of the spinal cord, while none of note was in the nodose ganglion. Dense iNOS-positive staining was seen on d1 in the ependymal cells of the spinal cord and in the glial cells of the nodose ganglion, and on d3, there was still considerable iNOS staining in both tissues. There was clear eNOS-positive staining in the capillary endothelial cells of the spinal cord and light diffuse cytoplasmic staining in the neurons of the nodose ganglion on d1, and on d3, intense eNOS-positive staining was visible in several endothelial cells of the spinal cord, while light nuclear staining was recognised in the neurons of the nodose ganglion. Conclusion: The nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS isoforms are activated in the spinal cord and nodose ganglion of rats after ionising radiation insult to the liver.
A Morphometric and Stereological Study on Cervical Spinal Cord Segment of Goose
(Wiley, 2018) Cakmak, Gamze; Karadag, Hueseyin; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Yildirim, Serkan; Yilmaz, Osman
In this study, volume density of white matter and grey matter areas of cervical segment of spinal cord in adult geese weighing 3-4kg was examined using stereological methods. 10 geese were used as material without sex discrimination. All animals underwent perfusion with 10% buffered formaldehyde. Following the perfusion, animals were kept in 10% formaldehyde for 1week. Geese were then dissected. Cervical area of spinal cord was revealed removing cervical spine. Tissue samples were obtained from each segment of cervical area. 5m thick cross-sections were taken from these tissue samples via microtome. Series of cross-sections were obtained by sampling in the ratio of 1/250 including 12 cross-sections from each cervical segment of every animal. Cross-sections were stained by haematoxylin eosin. They were photographed under microscope. Volume density (volume fractions) of both whole tissue and white matter and grey matter parts in each cervical segment of spinal cord were calculated using Cavalieri's Principle. In the study, total volume of cervical segment, volume of white matter and grey matter, and ratios of these volumes one another were assessed in goose.
Morphometric and Volumetric Analysis of the Cervical Spinal Cord and Vertebral Canal Using Computed Tomography Images in Normal Van Cats
(Wiley, 2021) Elasan, Sadi; Yilmaz, Osman
This study was performed on Van cats to determine the volumetric, morphometric and surface area measurement values of their cervical spinal cords (SC) and vertebral canals (CC) and the ratios between their dimensions using computed tomography (CT) images. The study also aims to reveal any biometric differences in these values between the two sexes. Spinal cord and vertebral canal CT images of 16 healthy adult Van cats (8 males and 8 females) were used in the study. First, three measurement points were selected for each vertebra on their cranial, medial and caudal sections along the sagittal axis. Next, the morphometric values were obtained using the transversal images of these measurement points. The surface areas for the SC and CC were calculated using the stereological planimetry method. The Cavalieri's principle was then used to calculate the relevant anatomic structure volumes. The obtained values were then statistically analysed. SC and CC were found to be larger in males in general, while 'SC cranial/CC cranial' and 'SC medial/CC medial' dimensions and volume ratios were found to be larger in female cats on average. Bodyweight and age values were found to have a negative correlation with SC and CC ratio, but the correlation was statistically insignificant. All SC and CC surface area and volume measurements were found to be higher in male cats (p < .05). We believe the results obtained by this study will provide valuable insight into veterinary clinicians in evaluating pathological lesions in the cervical spinal cord and vertebral canal CT scans.
Morphometry of the Thorax and Three-Dimensional Modelling of the Lower Respiratory Tracts With Computed Tomography in Van Cats
(veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2024) Kocyigit, Ali; Demircioglu, Ismail; Yilmaz, Osman; Besoluk, Kamil; Dayan, Mustafa Orhun
This study was conducted to produce a three-dimensional model of the thorax and lower respiratory tract in Van cats, to reveal their morphometric properties, and to investigate the anatomical structure of this region in more detail. A total of 16 adult Van cats (8 males and 8 females) were used in the study. The thoracic region of the cats was scanned using multidetector computed tomography device. The images of the scanned region were transferred to the MIMICS 20.1 software that creates three-dimensional reconstruction in order to produce the models. The morphometric measurements were obtained from these models and the index values were calculated. When the data were analysed in terms of sexual dimorphism, significant differences were determined between the sexes in terms of transverse diameter of the thoracic cavity in apertura thoracis cranialis (T2) (P < 0.05), minimum width of apertura thoracis cranialis (T3), and height of the thoracic cavity in thoracis cranialis (H1) (P < 0.01). The index values of the data revealed a significant difference between the sexes only in terms of the thoracic index 2 (P < 0.05). The 7th sternebra was shorter and more flattened than the other sternebrae in Van cats. In conclusion, three-dimensional models of the thorax and lower respiratory tracts of Van cats were produced in the study. It is thought that the data of the study may be useful in clinical practice and academic studies in the field of veterinary medicine.
Radiographic Analysis of Skull in Van Cats, British Shorthairs and Scottish Folds
(Wiley, 2023) Gundemir, Ozan; Akcasiz, Zeynep Nilufer; Yilmaz, Osman; Hadziomerovic, Nedzad
The most significant bone used in taxonomic research is the skull. This study at- tempted to identify differences between the three cat species by measuring the skulls of each using computed tomography sections. The study used a total of 32 cat skulls, including 16 Van Cats, eight British Shorthairs and eight Scottish Folds. Van Cat had the highest values for cranial and skull length, whereas British Shorthair had the low- est values. The difference between the British Shorthair and Scottish Fold skull length and cranial length measures was not statistically significant. However, the Van Cat skull length result was statistically different from other species (p < 0.05). Scottish Fold had the broadest head (cranial width: 41.02 +/- 0.79 mm). These results demon- strated that the scull of the Van Cat was longer but thinner than that of other species. In comparison to other species, the form of the Scottish Fold skull was more rounded. Internal height of cranium measurements for Van Cat and British Shorthair were sta- tistically significant. In Van Cats, this measurement was 27.81 +/- 1.58 mm, while in British Shorthairs, it was 30.23 +/- 1.89 mm. Measurements of the foremen magnum were not statistically significant for any species. Van Cat's measures for the fora -men magnum were the highest (Foramen magnum height: 11.59 +/- 0.93 mm; Foramen magnum width: 14.18 +/- 0.70 mm). Scottish Fold had the highest cranial index (Cranial index: 55.50 +/- 4.02). Van Cat had the lowest value for this (Cranial index: 50.19 +/- 2.16). Van Cat's cranial index value differed statistically from that of other species (p < 0.05). Between species, the foramen magnum index was not significant. None of the index values were statistically significant for Scottish Fold and British Shorthair. Foramen magnum width had the highest age- to-measurement value correlation (r = 0.310), although it was statistically insignificant. Skull length had the highest weight- to-measurement value correlations (R = 0.809), and it proved to be statistically signifi- cant. Skull length was the measuring value that distinguished male and female the most clearly (p = 0.000).
Radiographic Measures of the Pelvis Differ in British Shorthair Cats With Dystocia and Eutocia
(Wiley, 2023) Koca, Davut; Yilmaz, Osman; Avcilar, Talha
The size of an animal's pelvis can have a substantial impact on the ease or difficulty of giving birth, which can vary depending on the breed. Radiography is a medical imaging technique that is commonly utilized in clinical cases to assess pelvic dimensions. The present retrospective, observational study was designed to evaluate pelvimetric differences in radiographic images of British Shorthair (BS) cats with dystocia and eutocia. Pelvimetric values (linear distance, angle, area, height/width) for ventrodorsal and laterolateral radiographic images were recorded in 15 BS cats with dystocia and 15 BS cats with eutocia. Statistical analysis of the obtained measurement values was performed. When the pelvimetric data were examined overall, it was seen that mean values, except the PL (pelvis length) measurement, were higher in cats with eutocia than in cats with dystocia. Vertical diameter, conjugate vera, coxal tuberosities, transversal diameter, acetabula, pelvic inclination, ischiatic arch, pelvis inlet area (PIA), and pelvic outlet area (POA) values were significantly higher in cats with eutocia than in cats with dystocia (P < 0.05). Mean PIA and POA measurement values in cats with dystocia were 22.89 +/- 2.38 cm(2) and 19.59 +/- 1.90 cm(2), respectively; in cats with eutocia, the mean was calculated as 27.16 +/- 2.76 cm(2) and 23.18 +/- 1.88 cm(2), respectively. In conclusion, the present study revealed that pelvimetric values, except the PL measurement, were higher in cats with eutocia than in cats with dystocia. Findings can be used to assist veterinarians in future clinical decision-making for pregnant BS cats.
Radiographic Pelvimetry in Budgerigars With and Without Egg Retention
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2023) Koca, Davut; Yilmaz, Osman; Sahin, M. Eren; Avcilar, Talha
Egg retention, particularly in budgerigars, is an important reproductive issue. This study aimed to obtain osteometric measurement values, determine the length/width ratios between measurement values, and reveal the biometric differences in X-ray images of the pelvis of normal and egg-retention budgerigars. Pelvimetric measurements (linear distance, angle, length/width) were obtained from ventrodorsal images of the pelvis of 15 normal and 15 egg-retention budgerigars. The measured values were subjected to statistical analysis. Examining the pelvimetric data showed that the average measurement values of L1 (cranial ilium width), L4 (middle pubis width), L5 (caudal pubis width), L6 (caudal ischium width), A1 (iliac arch), LA2 (left ischiopubic angle), and RA2 (left ischiopubic angle) were significantly higher in the normal group than those of the egg retention group (P<0.05). Additionally, all length/width ratio measurements were higher in egg retention budgerigars. However, while the mean length/width ratio measurement values of L7 (left iliopubic length)/L2 (preacetabular tubercle width), L8 (right iliopubic length)/L2, L9 (synsacrum length)/L2, L7/L3 (acetabula width), L8/L3, and L9/L3 were higher in egg retention budgerigars compared to the normal group, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). A1, LA2, and RA2 measurement values in normal and egg retention budgerigars were respectively found at 113.93 +/- 3.39 (degrees) and 95.73 +/- 2.22 (degrees); 115.93 +/- 2.25 (degrees) and 104.67 +/- 2.32 (degrees); 115.13 +/- 2.10 (degrees) and 105.07 +/- 1.98 (degrees). Consequently, the osteometric measurement parameters of the pelvis in the normal and egg retention budgerigars were determined using X-ray images. The morphometric data acquired through this study is believed to hold potential value for veterinarians involved in clinically assessing egg retention in budgerigars.
Radiographic Pelvimetry in Scottish Fold Cats: Sex-Related Differences
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Yilmaz, Osman; Koca, Davut; Avcilar, Talha
This study was carried out to obtain osteometric measurements of the pelvis of Scottish Fold cats using X-ray images and reveal the biometric differences of these measurement values in terms of sexual dimorphism. Radiographic images of the pelvis in the laterolateral and ventrodorsal direction were used in male and female Scottish Fold cats aged 2-4 years with dystocia and eutocia. The measurements of 18 osteometric parameters and 36 parameters, such as the height/width ratio of the cat pelvis, were taken, and statistical analysis of the measurements was initiated. When the pelvimetric data were examined, it was observed that all of the remaining 16 measurement values, except for inclinatio pelvis and arcus ischiadicus measurement values, were statistically significantly higher in the male cats than in the female cats (p < 0.05). Mean height/width ratio measurements in the cats with dystocia were mostly higher (21 parameters out of 36 parameters) than in male cats and cats with eutocia. In general, in the pelvic measurements of both male cats and cats with eutocia and dystocia, there were predominantly positive correlations. However, there were also statistically significant negative correlations. The mean pelvic inlet and outlet area measurement values were calculated as 38.21 +/- 0.86 cm(2) and 29.21 +/- 1.21 cm(2) in the males, 32.67 +/- 0.95 cm(2 )and 26.38 +/- 0.87 cm(2) in cats with eutocia, and 29.83 +/- 1.41 cm(2) and 24.83 +/- 1.01 cm(2) in cats with dystocia, respectively. The basic pelvimetric data obtained in Scottish Fold cats in this study will benefit future research focusing on sex determination, breeding management programs for cats, and animal selection and help individuals working in animal clinics and on zooarchaeology.
Sex Determination in Budgerigars Using Radiographic Pelvimetry
(Wiley, 2024) Yilmaz, Osman; Koca, Davut; Sahin, Mustafa Eren; Avcilar, Talha
Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the pelvimetric values obtained from radiographic pelvis images of budgerigars in terms of sexual dimorphism. The objectives included determining linear osteometric and angle measurements of the pelvis, as well as calculating the length-to-width ratios among different pelvimetric measurements. Additionally, the study aimed to reveal the correlations between age and body weight with both the pelvimetric measurements and ratio measurements in these animals.Methods: In this study, measurements of linear distance, angle and length-to-width ratios were obtained from ventrodorsal images of the pelvis in a sample of 60 budgerigars, consisting of 30 males and 30 females. Subsequently, the statistical analysis of the obtained measurement values was performed.Results: When analysing the morphometric measurement values based on sex, it was observed that all linear measurements (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, L9, L10 and L11) were higher in males, whereas the angle measurements (A1, LA2 and RA2) were found to be significantly greater in females (p < 0.05). Additionally, both male and female budgerigars exhibited a greater pre-acetabular length of the ilium compared to the post-acetabular length. Moreover, there were mostly positive significant correlations between age and body weight with the pelvic measurement values in both sexes (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The obtained biometric measurement values from pelvimetric X-ray images in budgerigars were analysed to assess sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, this study presents fundamental morphometric data that can be valuable for clinical, taxonomic, phylogenetic, ornithological, allometric and characterization studies of budgerigars.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Examination of Pelvic Cavity in Van Cats and Its Morphometric Investigation
(Wiley, 2020) Yilmaz, Osman; Soyguder, Zafer; Yavuz, Alpaslan; Dundar, Ilyas
This study was carried out to determine the morphometric values of the pelvic cavity, the cranial and caudal pelvic aperture by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the images obtained by computed tomography in adult Van Cats and to show the differences between these indicators in both genders. A total of 16 adult Van Cats, eight male and eight female, were used in the study. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine combination and were scanned by computerized tomography. Images of the pelvic cavity were obtained. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the pelvis was performed with three-dimensional modelling program. Measurements of the diameters of the pelvic cavity, the cranial and caudal pelvic aperture were calculated from these images, and statistical analyzes were performed. Three-dimensional modelling of the pelvic cavity of Van Cats were examined between males and females. The results showed that there were significant (p < .05) differences between measurement of the pelvic inclination, the medial transverse diameter, the caudal transverse diameter and the angle between ischiatic arch. In addition, the correlations between age and weight were found statistically significant (p < .05) with the dorsal transverse diameter, the intermediate transverse diameter and the caudal transverse diameter in males. On the other hand, the correlations of age were statistically significant (p < .01) with the cranial pelvic aperture and the caudal pelvic aperture in females. In conclusion, some biometric values of pelvic cavity were observed to be statistically different in Van Cats.
Three-Dimensional Modelling and Morphological Investigation of the Bones of the Articulatio Genus Using Computed Tomography Images in Van Cats
(Wiley, 2024) Dursun, Suleyman; Yilmaz, Osman; Demircioglu, Ismail
In this study, it was aimed to make three-dimensional reconstruction of the stifle joint computed tomography (CT) images of the Van cats, to obtain their osteometric measurements, and to determine the statistical biometric differences of these measurement values in terms of both sexual dimorphism and homotypic variations. A total of 16 healthy adult Van cats of both sexes were used. The stifle joints of the cats were scanned with a CT device and images were obtained. Three-dimensional reconstructions of the bony structures of the stifle joint were performed using CT images using the MIMICS 20.1 modelling program. Then, osteometric measurements were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed. When the morphometric measurement values were examined in terms of gender, it was observed that almost all of the osteometric measurement values of the stifle joint in Van cats (except SPW measurement) were higher in male cats. According to homotypic variations, right side TPW (p = 0.009), TPCMA (p = 0.003) and TPMCA (p = 0.032) measurement values in female cats and right side TPLCA (p = 0.002) measurement values in male cats were found to be statistically significantly higher than the left side from the measurements of only the proximal tibia (p < 0.05). In general, although there were negative correlations between morphometric measurement values with age and body weight, mostly strong positive correlations were seen. As a result, statistical differences of the biometric values and anatomical features of the stifle joint between the sexes in Van cats between the sexes were examined using CT and a three-dimensional modelling program.
Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of the Metatarsal and Phalangeal Bones in Van Cats
(Wiley, 2025) Yilmaz, Osman; Kocyigit, Ali; Dogan, Guelseren Kirbas; Kanik, Betuel
The aim of this study was to perform three-dimensional reconstruction of the metatarsal and phalangeal bones using computed tomography, to obtain osteometric data and to determine biometric differences in terms of sexual dimorphism in the obtained measurements in Van cats, an endemic species living in the Van province region of eastern T & uuml;rkiye and named after this region. Computed tomography images of a total of 16 adult and healthy Van cats, eight females and eight males, were used in the study. Three-dimensional modelling of the images and osteometric measurements were obtained using MIMICS 20.1 software. When the osteometric data of the bones were analysed, it was observed that all of the morphometric measurements of metatarsal, phalanx media, phalanx distalis and phalanx proximalis bones, except the greatest breadth of the distal end of the phanax proximalis-III, the greatest breadth of the proximal end of the right phalanx proximalis-II, left phalanx proximalis-IV and left phalanx proximalis-V, were higher in male cats than females. The length order of the metatarsal bones in Van cats was found as IV, III, V and II, respectively. It was determined that there were positive and significant correlations between the osteometric measurement parameters of metatarsal and phalangeal bones with age and body weight. In conclusion, basic morphological images and osteometric data of the metatarsal and phalangeal bones in Van cats were obtained. These findings will be valuable for studying anatomy, aiding veterinary medicine students in clinical practice and contributing to the fields of zooarchaeology and veterinary forensic anthropology.