As the 27 May Military Coup Approaches Incidents in Topkapı and in the Yassiada Trials Panorama of the Case
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2024
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14 Mayıs 1950 seçimleriyle başlayan Demokrat Parti'nin ülkeyi yönetme yetkisi on yılın ardından askeri darbeyle sona erdi. 27 Mayıs 1960 askeri darbesiyle ülkenin yönetimi Milli Birlik Komitesi tarafından bir süre yürütüldü. MBK'nin ülkede aldığı kararlar içerisinde en çarpıcı gelişmelere yolan açan ve Türk siyasi hayatında günümüze kadar tartışmalara sebep olan Yassıada Yargılamalarıdır. Başta Celal Bayar, Adnan Menderes ve birçok DP'linin yargılandığı davalardan biri de İsmet İnönü'nün 4 Mayıs 1959'da İstanbul'a girişi sırasında uğradığı toplu saldırıdır. 1957 genel seçimlerinden sonra CHP Genel Başkanı İnönü'nün başlattığı yurt gezileri hükümeti oldukça rahatsız etmiştir. Seçim sonuçları muhalefetin özgüvenini arttırmışken iktidarın ise paniklemesine zemin hazırlamıştır. İktidar ve muhalefet arasındaki siyasi gerginliğin etkisiyle ülkede çıkan toplumsal olaylar DP hükümetinin de sonunu getiren gelişmeler arasında görülmüştür. Topkapı Olayları Davası olarak açılan davada İnönü'ye yönelik tertipli bir suikast girişimi olduğu iddiası ile çok sayıda kişi sanık ve şahit sıfatıyla duruşmalarda yargılandı. Topkapı Olaylarının 27 Mayıs 1960 darbesinden az bir zaman önce çıkması ve darbe sonrasında kurulan özel mahkemede askeri müdahaleye dayanak olması dikkat çekmiştir. Duruşmalarda ortaya atılan iddialar, suçlamalar, sanıkların savunmaları, şahitlerin dinlenmesi tutanaklarda ve dönemin gazetelerinde de kendine yer bulmuştur. Yüksek Adalet Divanın Duruşma Tutanakları ve arşiv belgeleri ışığında Topkapı Olayları Davası incelenecek bu tezin ana konusu haline getirilecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: 27 Mayıs Darbesi, Topkapı Olayları, İsmet İnönü, Yassıada Yargılamaları, Demokrat Parti, Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi
Starting with the May 14, 1950 elections, the Democrat Party's mandate to govern the country ended after ten years with a military coup. With the May 27, 1960 military intervention, the country was governed for a while by the National Unity Committee. Among the decisions taken by the MBK in the country, it was the Yassıada Trials that led to the most striking developments and caused debates in Turkish political life until today. One of the trials in which Celal Bayar, Adnan Menderes and many DP members were put on trial was the mass attack on İsmet İnönü during his entrance to Istanbul on May 4, 1959. After the 1957 general elections, CHP President İnönü's trips abroad disturbed the government. The election results boosted the opposition's self-confidence and caused the government to panic. The social unrest that broke out in the country due to the political tension between the ruling party and the opposition was seen as one of the developments that brought the DP government to an end. In the Topkapı Events Case, many people were tried as defendants and witnesses with the allegation that there was a plot to assassinate İnönü. It is noteworthy that the Topkapı Incidents took place shortly before the coup d'état of May 27, 1960 and became the basis for the military intervention in the special court established after the coup. The allegations, accusations, defenses of the defendants, and the hearing of the vi witnesses during the hearings were recorded in the minutes and newspapers of the period. The Topkapı Events Case will be analyzed in the light of the High Court of Justice's Trial Minutes and archival documents and will be the main subject of this thesis. Key Words: 27 The 1960 Turkish Coup, Topkapi Events, Ismet Inonu, Yassiada, Democrat Party, Republican People‟s Party
Starting with the May 14, 1950 elections, the Democrat Party's mandate to govern the country ended after ten years with a military coup. With the May 27, 1960 military intervention, the country was governed for a while by the National Unity Committee. Among the decisions taken by the MBK in the country, it was the Yassıada Trials that led to the most striking developments and caused debates in Turkish political life until today. One of the trials in which Celal Bayar, Adnan Menderes and many DP members were put on trial was the mass attack on İsmet İnönü during his entrance to Istanbul on May 4, 1959. After the 1957 general elections, CHP President İnönü's trips abroad disturbed the government. The election results boosted the opposition's self-confidence and caused the government to panic. The social unrest that broke out in the country due to the political tension between the ruling party and the opposition was seen as one of the developments that brought the DP government to an end. In the Topkapı Events Case, many people were tried as defendants and witnesses with the allegation that there was a plot to assassinate İnönü. It is noteworthy that the Topkapı Incidents took place shortly before the coup d'état of May 27, 1960 and became the basis for the military intervention in the special court established after the coup. The allegations, accusations, defenses of the defendants, and the hearing of the vi witnesses during the hearings were recorded in the minutes and newspapers of the period. The Topkapı Events Case will be analyzed in the light of the High Court of Justice's Trial Minutes and archival documents and will be the main subject of this thesis. Key Words: 27 The 1960 Turkish Coup, Topkapi Events, Ismet Inonu, Yassiada, Democrat Party, Republican People‟s Party
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127