Chronostratigraphic Assessment of Neolithic Period Settlements in the Southern Levant
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2022
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Güney Levant Neolitik dönem kronostartigrafik olarak Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A, Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B, Geç Neolitik 1 ve Geç Neolitik 2 dönemleri şeklinde ayrılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Güney Levant'ın Çanak Çömleksiz ve Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik dönem yerleşimleri karşılaştırılarak hem çevresel hem de kültürel bağlamda antropolojik arkeoloji anlamında kronostratigrafik hatlara bağlı kalarak açıklanmıştır. Genel hatlarıyla Güney Levant Çanak Çömlek Öncesi Neolitik dönem ikiye ayrılmıştır: Bunlar Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A ve Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B'dir. Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik ise Güney Levant'da Geç Neolitik 1 ve Geç Neolitik 2 olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A'da yuvarlak ve oval planlı yapılar görülürken Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B'de dikdörtgen planlı yapılara dönüşmüştür. Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A'da mezarlar mekân içlerinde uygulanırken, Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B'de ise mezarlar köylerin özel alanları veya ayrı alanlarda yoğunlaşmıştır. Ayrıca Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik A döneminde uzun veya kısa mesafeli ticaret ve mal alışverişi için sınırlı arkeolojik kanıtlar sunarken, Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik B'de hem uzun hem de kısa mesafeli değiş tokuş ticareti görülmüştür. Güney Levant Geç Neolitik yani Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik dönem iki bölüme ayrılmıştır. Bunlar Geç Neolitik 1 ve Geç Neolitik 2'dir. Geç Neolitik 1 dönemi Yarmukian ve Lodian kültürleriyle temsil edilirken Geç Neolitik 2 dönemi Wadi Raba kültürüyle tanınmaktadır. Geç Neolitik dönemde çanak çömlek üretimi yaygınlaşmıştır. Bitki ve hayvan evcilleştirilmesi neredeyse tamamlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu dönemde 15 hektar ve üzeri büyük yerleşimler şeklinde olup tipik çekirdek aile konut yerleşim mimarisi ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç olarak Güney Levant Çanak Çömleksiz Neolitik ve Çanak Çömlekli Neolitik dönemler arasında kronostartigrafik tanımlamaların içeriğinde hangi unsurların yer aldığı bu tez çalışmasında değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Güney Levant, Neolitik Dönem, Kronostratigrafi Sayfa Sayısı :XIX+ 218 Tez Danışmanı : Doç. Dr. Hakan Yılmaz
Southern Levant Neolithic period chronostratigraphically consists of Pre Pottery Neolithic A, Pre Pottery Neolithic B, Late Neolithic 1, and Late Neolithic 2 periods. In this experiment, being compared both environmentally and culturally, the settlements of Pre Pottery Neolithic and Pottery Neolithic periods of Southern Levant are explained in associated with chronostratigraphic lines in terms of antropological archeology. Neolithic Age before Southern Levant Pottery period is divided into 2 parts: these are Pre Pottery Neolithic A and Pre Pottery Neolithic B. However, Pottery Neolithic is called as Late Neolithic 1 and Late Neolithic 2 in Southern Levant period. While round and oval structures were seemed in Pre Pottery Neolithic A, Pre Pottery Neolithic B had square planned structures. In Pre Pottery Neolithic A, graves were made in interior parts, on the other side, they concentrated in especial areas of willages or other places in Pre Pottery Neolithic B. Also, there are limited presented archeologic evidence for trade and exchange of goods through long and short distance in Pre Pottery Neolithic A, but they both seem in Pre Pottery Neolithic B. Southern Levant Late Neolithic, in other words, Pottery Neolithic Period is divided into 2 parts: these are Late Neolithic 1 and Late Neolithic 2. Late Neolithic 1 is represented with Yarmukian and Lodian cultures, while Late Neolithic 2 is known with Wadi Raba culture. Pottery production was widespread in Late Neolithic. Plant and Animal domestication was almost completed. Additionally, typical nuclear family residental settlement appeared over 15 hectares or more in this period. Consequently, which elements are included in chronostratigraphic definitions between Southern Levant Pre Pottery Neolithic and Pottery Neolithic Period is stated in this thesis. Key Words : Southern Levant, Neolithic Period, Chronostratigraphic Quantity of Page : XIX+ 218 Thesis Advisor : Assoc. Dr. Hakan Yılmaz
Southern Levant Neolithic period chronostratigraphically consists of Pre Pottery Neolithic A, Pre Pottery Neolithic B, Late Neolithic 1, and Late Neolithic 2 periods. In this experiment, being compared both environmentally and culturally, the settlements of Pre Pottery Neolithic and Pottery Neolithic periods of Southern Levant are explained in associated with chronostratigraphic lines in terms of antropological archeology. Neolithic Age before Southern Levant Pottery period is divided into 2 parts: these are Pre Pottery Neolithic A and Pre Pottery Neolithic B. However, Pottery Neolithic is called as Late Neolithic 1 and Late Neolithic 2 in Southern Levant period. While round and oval structures were seemed in Pre Pottery Neolithic A, Pre Pottery Neolithic B had square planned structures. In Pre Pottery Neolithic A, graves were made in interior parts, on the other side, they concentrated in especial areas of willages or other places in Pre Pottery Neolithic B. Also, there are limited presented archeologic evidence for trade and exchange of goods through long and short distance in Pre Pottery Neolithic A, but they both seem in Pre Pottery Neolithic B. Southern Levant Late Neolithic, in other words, Pottery Neolithic Period is divided into 2 parts: these are Late Neolithic 1 and Late Neolithic 2. Late Neolithic 1 is represented with Yarmukian and Lodian cultures, while Late Neolithic 2 is known with Wadi Raba culture. Pottery production was widespread in Late Neolithic. Plant and Animal domestication was almost completed. Additionally, typical nuclear family residental settlement appeared over 15 hectares or more in this period. Consequently, which elements are included in chronostratigraphic definitions between Southern Levant Pre Pottery Neolithic and Pottery Neolithic Period is stated in this thesis. Key Words : Southern Levant, Neolithic Period, Chronostratigraphic Quantity of Page : XIX+ 218 Thesis Advisor : Assoc. Dr. Hakan Yılmaz
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Arkeoloji, Arkeoloji, Arkeolojik eserler, Arkeolojik yerleşim, Kronostratigrafi, Levant, Neolitik Dönem, Çanak, Çömlek, Archeology, Archaeology, Archaeological materials, Archaeological settlement, Chronostratigraphic, Levant, Neolithic Period, Pottery, Pot
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240