Evaluation of the Effect of Different Final Irrigation Activation Systems on Dentin Tubule Penetration of Intracanal Medicaments With a Confocal Laser Microscope
Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasının amacı; dört farklı final irrigasyon aktivasyon yönteminin iki farklı kanal içi medikamentin dentin tübül penetrasyon derinliğine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışmada kullanılan 96 adet insan mandibular premolar diş kök boyları 12 mm olacak şekilde standardize edilmiştir. Kökler Protaper Next döner eğe sistemiyle X3'e kadar şekillendirilmiş, kök kanalları her eğe değişiminde 2 mL %5,25 NaOCl solüsyonuyla irrige edilmiştir. Şekillendirilmiş kökler final irrigasyon aktivasyon sistemlerine göre dört gruba ayrılmıştır: Grup 1;EndoActivator, Grup 2;XP-endo Finisher, Grup 3;Pasif ultrasonik irrigasyon, Grup 4;Geleneksel iğne irrigasyonu grubu. Örneklerin final irrigasyonu 5 mL %5,25 NaOCl ve 5 mL %17 EDTA solüsyonunun 1'er dakika boyunca aktive edilmesiyle bitirilmiştir. Her grup yerleştirilecek kanal içi medikamente göre iki alt gruba ayrılmıştır: Alt grup A;Ca(OH)2 ve Alt grup B;mTAP. %0,1 Rhodamine B eklenmiş Ca(OH)2 ve mTAP kök kanallarına yerleştirilmiş ve kanal ağızları geçici dolgu materyaliyle kapatılmıştır. 24 saat %100 nemde bekleyen kökler akrilik bloklara sabitlenmiş ve kesit alınması için izomet kesme cihazına bağlanmıştır. Örneklerden; uzun aksa dik olacak şekilde apikalden koronale doğru 2, 5 ve 8 mm uzaklıklarda 1 mm kalınlığında kesitler alınmıştır. 288 kesitten konfokal lazer mikroskop ile 4x büyütmede görüntüler alınmış ve Zeiss LSM Image Browser v.4.2.0 programına aktarılmıştır. Programın imaj araçları yardımıyla dentin tübül penetrasyon yüzdesi ve maksimum penetrasyon derinliği hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi three way ANOVA ile yapılmıştır. Yapılan istatistiksel analiz sonucunda; EndoActivator, XP-endo Finisher ve PUI aktivasyon yöntemlerinin tümünün geleneksel iğne irrigasyonuna göre kanal içi medikamentlerin dentin tübül penetrasyonunu anlamlı düzeyde arttırdığı (p<0,05); XP-endo Finisher ile irrigasyon aktivasyonun ise her iki kanal içi medikament için de en yüksek dentin tübül penetrasyon yüzdesi ve maksimum penetrasyon derinliği değerlerini gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Koronal bölgede kanal içi medikamentlerin dentin tübül penetrasyon yüzdesi ve maksimum penetrasyon derinliğinin apikal bölgeye göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). mTAP Ca(OH)2'e göre daha yüksek dentin tübül penetrasyon yüzdesi gösterirken (p<0,05); maksimum penetrasyon derinliği bakımından kanal içi medikamentler arasında anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır (p=0,948). Bu çalışmada hiçbir final irrigasyon sisteminin kanal içi medikamentlerin dentin tübül penetrasyonunu %100 sağlamadığı fakat gruplar arasında dentin tübül penetrasyonunu en çok arttıran sistemin XP-endo Finisher eğe olduğu bulunmuştur.
Aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of 4 irrigation activation systems on the depth of dentin tubule penetration of 2 intra-canal medications. Root lengths of 96 human mandibular premolar teeth used in the study were standardized to be 12 mm. Roots were shaped until X3 with the Protaper Next rotary system, and at each file change, the root canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 5.25% NaOCl solution. The shaped roots were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation activation systems: Group 1;EndoActivator, Group 2;XP-endo Finisher, Group 3;passive ultrasonic irrigation Group 4;conventional needle irrigation. Final irrigation for each group was achieved by activating 5 mL 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solution with activation systems for 1 minute. The roots, whose final irrigation was finished, were divided into two subgroups according to the intracanal medicament; Sub-GroupA;Ca(OH)2 and Sub-Group B;mTAP. Root canal medicaments were labeled with 0.1% Rhodamine B and applied into the canals using a Lentulo spiral and then the access cavity were closed with temporary filling material. The roots were kept at 100% humidity for 24 hours. Each root was embedded in an acrylic resin block. Transverse sections were made with a slow-speed, water-cooled diamond disc at 2 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm levels from the root apex. Images from 288 sections were taken with a confocal laser microscope at 4x magnification and transferred to Zeiss LSM Image Browser v.4.2.0 program. The dentinal tubule penetration percentage and maximum penetration depth were calculated using the program's image tools. For statistical analysis, we used three-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). Statistical analysis revealed that: all of the EndoActivator, XP-endo Finisher and PUI activation methods significantly increased the dentin tubule penetration of the intracanal medicaments compared to conventional needle irrigation (p<0,05); Irrigation activation with XP-endo Finisher was determined to show the highest dentin tubule penetration percentage and maximum penetration depth for both intracanal medicaments. It was also found that dentinal tubule penetration percentage and maximum penetration depth of intracanal medicaments in the coronal region were significantly higher than the apical region (p<0,05). While mTAP shows higher dentinal tubule penetration percentage than Ca(OH)2 (p<0,05), no significant difference was found between intracanal medicaments in terms of maximum depth of penetration (p=0,948). Here we found that no final irrigation system provided 100% dentinal tubule penetration of the intracanal medicaments, but the XP-endo Finisher file achieved the highest dentin tubule penetration among the groups tested here. Keywords: Confocal laser microscope, EndoActivator, Final irrigation activation, Intracanal medicament, Passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP-endo Finisher.
Aim of this thesis is to investigate the effects of 4 irrigation activation systems on the depth of dentin tubule penetration of 2 intra-canal medications. Root lengths of 96 human mandibular premolar teeth used in the study were standardized to be 12 mm. Roots were shaped until X3 with the Protaper Next rotary system, and at each file change, the root canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 5.25% NaOCl solution. The shaped roots were divided into four groups according to the final irrigation activation systems: Group 1;EndoActivator, Group 2;XP-endo Finisher, Group 3;passive ultrasonic irrigation Group 4;conventional needle irrigation. Final irrigation for each group was achieved by activating 5 mL 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA solution with activation systems for 1 minute. The roots, whose final irrigation was finished, were divided into two subgroups according to the intracanal medicament; Sub-GroupA;Ca(OH)2 and Sub-Group B;mTAP. Root canal medicaments were labeled with 0.1% Rhodamine B and applied into the canals using a Lentulo spiral and then the access cavity were closed with temporary filling material. The roots were kept at 100% humidity for 24 hours. Each root was embedded in an acrylic resin block. Transverse sections were made with a slow-speed, water-cooled diamond disc at 2 mm, 5 mm and 8 mm levels from the root apex. Images from 288 sections were taken with a confocal laser microscope at 4x magnification and transferred to Zeiss LSM Image Browser v.4.2.0 program. The dentinal tubule penetration percentage and maximum penetration depth were calculated using the program's image tools. For statistical analysis, we used three-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). Statistical analysis revealed that: all of the EndoActivator, XP-endo Finisher and PUI activation methods significantly increased the dentin tubule penetration of the intracanal medicaments compared to conventional needle irrigation (p<0,05); Irrigation activation with XP-endo Finisher was determined to show the highest dentin tubule penetration percentage and maximum penetration depth for both intracanal medicaments. It was also found that dentinal tubule penetration percentage and maximum penetration depth of intracanal medicaments in the coronal region were significantly higher than the apical region (p<0,05). While mTAP shows higher dentinal tubule penetration percentage than Ca(OH)2 (p<0,05), no significant difference was found between intracanal medicaments in terms of maximum depth of penetration (p=0,948). Here we found that no final irrigation system provided 100% dentinal tubule penetration of the intracanal medicaments, but the XP-endo Finisher file achieved the highest dentin tubule penetration among the groups tested here. Keywords: Confocal laser microscope, EndoActivator, Final irrigation activation, Intracanal medicament, Passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP-endo Finisher.
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Keywords
Diş Hekimliği, Dental restorasyon, Dentin, Kök kanal tedavisi, Kök kanalı irrigantları, Mikroskopi, Ultrasonik dalgalar, Dentistry, Dental restoration, Dentin, Root canal therapy, Root canal irrigants, Microscopy, Ultrasonic waves
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