TR-Dizin İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu

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Abc, Ved, and Abc-Ved Matrix Analyses for Inventory Management in Community Pharmacies: a Case Study
(Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ankara (FABAD), 2022) Dursa, E.; Arslan, M.
Inventory control methods should be used effectively in community pharmacies to determine and obtain the needs for pharmaceuticals and non-pharmaceutical products at appropriate times and with proper procedures. An effective stock control provides positive outputs in the community pharmacy’s economy, the quality of the service to be provided, and the pharmacy’s image. In this context, within the scope of this study, it aims to evaluate ABC, VED, and ABC-VED matrix analyses in terms of community pharmacies. In the study, ABC, VED, and ABC-VED matrix analyzes were applied using the inventory data of a community pharmacy serving in the city center of Van for the 2019-2020 financial year. For this purpose, firstly, annual consumption and expenditure data for each pharmacy item specified for the 2019-2020 financial year were collected. The data were then transferred to an MS Excel spreadsheet, and statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel statistical functions. As a result of ABC-VED analysis, it was determined that the drugs in the first category were of great importance for effective stock control, the drugs in the second category were of medium importance, and the drugs in the third category were of low importance. They are because the pharmacy from which the research data is taken is close to the family health center and the socioeconomic structure of the pharmacy’s environment. This categorization is thought to be appropriate. © 2022 Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ankara (FABAD). All rights reserved.
Abo and Rh Blood Groups Frequency in Men and Women Living in Eastern Turkey
(2006) Dilek, I.; Demir, C.; Bay, A.; Akdeniz, H.; Öner, A.F.
Objective: ABO and Rh blood groups which are basic for determination of blood compatibility consist of the most important tests of blood center. In this study, we aimed to find out the rates of ABO and Rh blood groups in male and female donors in our region. Therefore, donors attending to our blood center within the last five years were investigated taken into account their gender. Methods: Blood groups were examined by gel-centrifugation or tube agglutination methods. Results: Out of totally 33.193 individuals, 14.716 were female (44.3%) and 18.477 males (55.7%), and average age was 34 (range 20-60 years old). Taken into account the whole donors, A blood type was found as 43.8%, O blood type 30.8%, B blood type 16.2% and AB blood type 8.6% in rate. With respect to blood type frequency in genders group A was in the rate of 44.1% and 43.6%, group O 31% and 30.5%, group B 16.3% and 16.1% and group AB 8.6% and 9.8% in women and men, respectively. The Rh positivity rate into totally whole donors was 85.5%, being 86.0% in men and 84.8% in women. Conclusion: ABO and Rh blood groups rates were very near to each other in women and men, and also the average rate was very similar to averages in Turkey.
Acute Effects of Trichloroacetic Acid on Serum Enzyme Levels and Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Rats
(2006) Demir, H.; Çelik, I.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a sublethal dose of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) on serum enzyme levels and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in rats under laboratory conditions. Ten Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided in 2 groups of 5 rats. A 200 mg/kg dose of TCA was administered intraperitoneally to the 5 rats in the treatment group. An equal amount of saline solution was injected into the control group. Serum enzyme levels and erythrocyte CA activity of the rats were measured 1, 3, and 6 h after treatment. According to the results, while the TCA sublethal dose treatment caused significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) after 1 and 3 h, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased after 1, 3, and 6 h. No significant differences in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and erythrocyte CA were observed in comparison to the controls. It was concluded that TCA may cause toxicity in rats. © TÜBİTAK.
Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia-Associated Marfan Syndrome and Davidoff-Dyke Syndrome: a Case Report
(2008) Demir, C.; Bay, A.; Dilek, I.; Öner, A.F.
We present herein a 23-year-old man with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) associated with Davidoff-Dyke-Masson syndrome (DDMS) and Marfan syndrome (MS). The diagnosis of DDMS was based on findings including left facial asymmetry, left hemiparesis, mental retardation, right cerebral hemiatrophy, dilatation of the ipsilateral lateral ventricle and calvarial thickening. The diagnosis of MS was based on clinical findings including tall stature, myopia, retinitis pigmentosa, blue scleras, scoliosis, pectus excavatum, arachnodactyly and low ratio of upper/lower body segment. The patient developed hepatosplenomegaly, gingival hypertrophy and pancytopenia. Peripheral blood film and bone marrow examination showed that most of nucleated cells were blasts; immunophenotype of those cells showed CD11+, CD13+, CD14+, CD33+ and HLA-DR+. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of AML (FAB-M5). After induction chemotherapy, remission was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the third report of AML in MS syndrome, while AML associated with DDMS and MS has not been previously reported in the literature.
Acute Rupture of a Congenital Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm After Severe Exercise
(Turkish Soc Cardiology, 2009) Tuncer, Mustafa; Eryonucu, Beyhan; Guntekin, Unal; Gumrukcuoglu, Hasan Ali
Ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva may cause manifestations of prompt onset. A 22-year-old man with no previous cardiac complaints presented with dyspnea, palpitation, fatigue, and shortness of breath, all of which occurred after a football match. Transthoracic echocardiography showed an aneurysmal dilatation of the right sinus of Valsalva to the direction of the right ventricle. Color Doppler imaging showed a marked left-to-right turbulent flow from the aortic root to the right ventricle. Continuous Doppler imaging also revealed a continuous left-to-right systolodiastolic shunting. The patient was submitted to cardiovascular surgery for surgical repair.
An Adaptation Study of the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (Bmpn) Scale To Turkish Culture
(Cukurova Univ, 2018) Kardas, Ferhat; Yalcin, Ilhan
Psychological needs have long been one of the most widely studied topics in the field of mental health. One of the commonly used approaches in recent years in psychological needs satisfaction research is self-determination theory. It is stated in the frame of self-determination theory that psychological needs are universal and can be classified as needs in terms of competence, relationship and autonomy. The aim of this study is to adapt the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs (BMPN) Scale, which was developed to measure the satisfaction level within the framework of self-determination theory, to Turkish culture. After examining the related literature, a validity and reliability study of the BMPN Scale has been carried out on the students of the Faculty of Educational Sciences of Ankara University, and on the pedagogical formation students from other faculties. Confirmatory factor analysis in the study was conducted on 285 students, criterion related validity on 282 and test re-test reliability on 50 students. 80.5% of the respondents were female and 19.5% were male. The average age of participants was 22. As a result of the research, it was determined that the psychometric properties of the scale were adequate, and the model fit values were appropriate. Accordingly, the Turkish form of BMPN was considered a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used in research on needs satisfaction.
The Analysis of Causes of Hospital Readmissions in The Patients Who Underwent Gastrectomy Because of Gastric Cancer in Van Province
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2023) Güven, S.; Aslan, F.E.; Kızıltan, R.
It was aimed to analyze the causes of hospital readmissions within the first 30 days after gastrectom y in the patients diagnosed with gastric cancer. Data of 300 patients who underwent total gastrectomy or subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 01.01.2018 and 31.05.2022 were retrospectively analyzed using the hospital automation system. Patients aged 18-85 years with or without neoadjuvant treatment were included in the study. SPSS software package was used to make comparisons between patient data. One hundred ten patients (36.7%) were female, 190 patients were (63.3%) male and the mean age of the patients was 61. Within the first 30 days after gastrectomy and discharge, 65 patients readmitted to the hospital. The rate of hospital readmissions after gastrectomy was found to be 21.6%. The analysis of readmission causes revealed that headache, chest pain and abdominal pain were the most common rationales for readmissions. In the present study, the causes of readmissions were classified under thre e titles as pain, gastrointestinal symptoms and surgical site complications. No statistically significant relationship was found between the causes of readmissions and patient age, patient gender, type of the performed surgery and the fact whether neoadjuvant therapy was received (p>0.05). We conclude that providing a postoperative high quality healthcare for recovery in the patients who underwent gastrectomy will reduce the postoperative readmissions rates. © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
The Aphelinid and Encyrtid Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in the Van Lake Basin of Turkey
(Entomological Soc Turkey, Ege Univ, 2010) Kaydan, M. Bora; Japoshvili, George
Parasitoids of mealybugs were surveyed at the Van Lake basin (Agri, Bitlis, Hakkari, Igdir and Van), Turkey, during the years of 2005 and 2008. Parasitized mealybug specimens were collected from ornamental, cultivated and wild plants and to obtain parasitoids, put into controlled environment room and adult emergence was monitored. Sixteen species of parasitoids were recorded, one of which belongs to the family Aphelinidae and 15 to the family Encyrtidae. One genus and nine species were newly recorded for the Turkish fauna. Two species, Anagyrus kilinceri Japoshvili sp. nov. and Charitopus eristoi Japoshvili sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), are described as new species.
Apoptosis in Postovulatory Follicles of Chalcalburnus Tarichi Pallas, 1811
(Ege Univ, 2006) Kaptaner, Burak; Unal, Guler
In the present study, apoptosis in postovulatory follicle was investigated with TUNEL staining and agarose gel electrophoresis methods, and plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2) level was determined at the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after ovulation in Chalcalburnus tarichi. Apoptotic cells were labelled in postovulatory follicles in histological sections on the 1st day after ovulation and it is indicated that apoptosis was observed mainly in granulosa cells and scarcely in theca cells. Oligonucleosomal length DNA fragmentation which is hallmark of apoptosis was observed on the days 1, 3 and 5 after ovulation. While no oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation was observed on the ovulation time, it was observed that this fragmentation was remarkable on the days 3 and 5. Plasma E-2 level decreased gradually after ovulastion. This decrease was significant on the days 3 and 5 (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that apoptosis is responsible for elimination of postovulatory follicles however it was considered that low level of E-2 after ovulation, accelerates the postovulatory follicle apoptosis in Chalcalburnus tarichi.
Are Community Pharmacies the Best Purchasing Channel for Cosmetic Products? Prioritization of Consumer Preferences Via Analytical Hierarchy Process
(Istanbul Univ, Fac Pharmacy, 2022) Babalitas, Dilan; Arslan, Miray
Background and Aims: Many different purchasing channels play an essential role in meeting cosmetic product demand worldwide. These include supermarkets, cosmetic markets, community pharmacies, beauty salons, internet retailing, and shopping complexes. This study's main objective is to prioritize consumers' cosmetic product purchasing channel preferences. The originality of this study lies in being the first study that addressed customers' choice of cosmetic product purchasing channels via the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Methods: Firstly, a questionnaire was conducted (n=287) to determine cosmetic product purchasing channel selection criteria. Cosmetic product purchasing channel alternatives were prioritized among the first questionnaire results via the AHP with 12 consumers who reside in the city center of Van, Turkey and buy at least two cosmetic products per year. Results: As a result of the study, community pharmacies (46.9%) were found to be the best alternative among the cosmetic product purchasing channels, followed by cosmetics stores (24.1%). The most important criterion affecting the selection of cosmetic product purchasing channels is satisfaction with the consultancy (25.2%), followed by advice from health care providers (22.1%). Conclusion: It has been observed that consumers prefer community pharmacies more than other purchasing channels when purchasing cosmetic products. Understanding customer needs, expectations, and experiences is vital for optimizing the quality of the offered service. Thus, pharmacies with a significant market share in the cosmetics sector can further their cosmetics services by considering the consumer demands highlighted in this study.
The Association of Short Segment Barrett's Esophagus With Intestinal Metaplasia in Stomach
(2003) Tuncer, I.; Ugraş, S.; Uygan, I.; Türkdoǧan, K.; Kösem, M.
Background/aims: The aims of this study were to investigate the presence of short segment Barrett's esophagus in people found to have tongue-like columnar mucosal protrusions in the distal esophagus and to determine the relationship between short segment Barrert's esophagus and Helicobacter pylori, gastritis and intestinal metaplasia observed in other parts of the stomach. Methods: The study included 50 patients (32 male, 18 female). Two biopsy specimens were taken from the antrum, at least 2 cm away from the pylorus, from the incisura angularis, corpus and cardia and four biopsy specimens were taken from tongue-like columnar protrusions (<3 cm long) above the gastroesophageal junction. Tissue samples were stained with hematoxyline-eosine, HID-Alcian blue pH 2.5 and modified Giemsa. Results: Of the 50 subjects who were found to have tongue-like columnar protrusions above the gastroesophageal junction, short segment Barrett's esophagus was detected in nine (18%). Whereas all short segment Barretti's esophagus cases were associated with chronic gastritis, Helicobacter pylori was found to be positive in five (55.5%) of them and there was intestinal metaplasia in other parts of the stomach (antrum in two patients, incisura angularis in three, antrum and cardia in one) in six (66.6%) cases. In 41 patients without short segment Barrett's esophagus 33 (80%) had chronic gastritis, 27 (66%) had Helicobacter pylori infection and eight had intestinal metaplasia in different locations (there in antrum, four in incisura angularis, one in the antrum and cardia) of the stomach. Conclusions: An association between short segment Barrett's esophagus and intestinal metaplasia was found in different parts of the stomach. The link between intestinal metaplasia in the stomach and these metaplastic changes in the tubular esophagus requires evalation in larger and more comprehensive studies.
Avipoxvirus Infection in Quails
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2005) Gülbahar, MY; Çabalar, M; Boynukara, B
The present study describes clinical, virological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings of pox infection encountered in a quail flock. Lesions consisted of single or multiple nodules with a crust in variable size of gray to yellow or dark brown discoloration on the comb, eyelids, and the other poorly feathered areas of the body. Histopathological changes consisted of hyperplastic epithelium overlying, with ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes, many of which had eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Bollinger bodies), and heterophilic infiltrations admixed with mononuclear cells extending into dermis. Avipoxvirus infection was confirmed by positive immunostaining in the cytoplasm of affected cells for poxvirus antigen, excluded no immunostaining of inclusion bodies, using streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method and by demonstration of brick-shaped virus particles with a central core using direct electron microscopy. Typical thickness of chorio-allantoic membranes (CAMs) infected with virus, compared with controls, was observed, and the harvested virus on CAMs was detected as positive against known fowlpox virus using gel diffusion test.
Beta-Thalassemia Mutations in the East of Turkey
(2001) Öner, A.F.; Özer, R.; Üner, A.; Arslan, Ş.; Gümrük, F.
This study was planned to determine the frequency of β-thalassemia trait and mutations in Van Lake region, which is in the eastern part of Turkey, surrounded by Iran in the east and by Iraq in the south. This study consist of 1014 healthy students, between the age of 12 and 18 years who are studying in boarding schools in Van city and cities surrounding Van Lake that includes Van, Aǧri, Hakkari, Bitlis, Muş and Siirt. The students were randomly selected according to their school numbers. Their origin was not taken into consideration in selection. Complete blood counts were performed on all donors. The accepted lower limit of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were 78 fL and 27 pg respectively. HbA2 was measured by DE-52 microcolumn chromatography method. β-Thalassemia trait with high HbA2 was found in 6 children. β-Thalassemia homozygous form of -30 (T-A) mutation was determined in one child and HbD-Los Angeles heterozygous in another. The β-thalassemia homozygous individual was accepted as two cases in prevalence calculation. We found that the prevalence of β-thalassemia trait was 0.78% in this area. In DNA analyses, there were β-thalassemia gene mutations of FSC 8/9 (+G), -30 (T-A), IVS I-110 (G-A), IVS II-1 (G-A) and IVS I-130 (G-A) in 3, 2, 1, 1 and 1 individuals, respectively. We conclude that although five different β-thalassemia mutation exist in Van Lake region, β-thalassemia is not a potential risk in the east of Turkey.
Biotyping and Serotyping of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) Haemolytica Isolated From Lung Samples of Slaughtered Sheep in the Van Region
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Ilhan, Ziya; Keles, Ihsan
A total of 584 lung samples of slaughtered sheep having clinical symptoms of pneumonia were investigated microbiologically. Out of the 584 samples, 66 (11.3%) Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica strains were isolated on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. Sixty- six isolates of M. haemolytica were biotyped by carbohydrate fermentation tests and serotyped by coagglutination and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests. Out of the 66 M. haemolytica strains, 57 (86.3%) were detected as biotype A, and 9 (13.6%) were biotype T. The 66 M. haemolytica isolates were serotyped as follows by coagglutination test: 13 (19.6%) A2, 11 (16.6%) A1, 9 (13.6%) A6, 7 (10.6%) A9, 4 (6.0%) A5, 4 (6.0%) A7, 4 (6.0%) A12, 3 (4.5%) A8, 1 (1.5%) T4, 1 (1.5%) A13, and 1 (1.5%) T15. Of the M. haemolytica strains, 14 (21.2%) belonged to serotype A2, 11 (16.6%) to serotype A1, 10 (15.1%) to serotype A6, 7 (10.6%) to serotype A9, 4 (6.0%) to serotype A5, 4 (6.0%) to serotype A7, 4 (6.0%) to serotype A12, 4 (6.0%) to serotype A8, 1 (1.5%) to serotype T4, 1 (1.5%) to serotype A13 and 1 (1.5%) to serotype T15 by IHA test. Eight (12.1%) and 5 (7.5%) isolates were unserotyped by coagglutination and IHA tests, respectively. T3, T10, A11, A14 and A16 serotypes were not determined.
Bir Oğlakta Konjenital Kolo-veziko-üretral Fistül, Atrezia Koli, Rektal Agenezis ve Atrezia Ani Olgusu
(Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers, 2017) Yildirim, S.; Karasu, A.; Gençcelep, M.; Çakmak, G.
The material of this case was a four days old male Coloured Angora Goat with congenital anomaly. The purpose of this study was to present findings of congenital colo-vesico-urethral fistula and atresia coli, rectal agenesis and atresia ani clinically, radiographically, macroscopically and histopathologically. According to the clinical examination; anus did not form, animal was dehydrated and not able to get to its feet and had abdominal tension. Besides, few amounts of unclear urine and meconium were present in preputium. By taking into consideration these findings, it was decided to make surgical operation on suspicion of fistula presence between gastrointestinal system and urinary bladder. The animal died during operation. Subsequent to necropsy, colon was swollen and observed at the cranial of pelvis ending bluntly. The blunt end of colon adhered to both urinary bladder and urethra. In order to diagnosis anomaly, samples were obtained from the region where fistulas were present. According to histopathological examination, fistula formation of colon separately to both urethra and urinary bladder was observed. Observing congenital of colo-vesico-urethral fistula, atresia coli, rectal agenesis and atresia ani all in one only in materials rare and may present a good sample for congenital anomaly cases. © 2017, Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers. All rights reserved.
A Brucellosis Case With Ascites, Hearing Loss and Pancytopenia
(2003) Tuncer, I.; Akdenis, H.; Uygan, I.; Turkdogan, K.; Cekici, S.; Durmus, A.
Objectives- To report a rare case of brucellosis in a previously healthy 25-year-old woman who presented with fever, bilateral hearing loss, non-portal hypertensive type ascites and pancytopenia. Design- Case study. Setting- Departments of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Yuzuneu Yil University Medical Faculty, Van. Results- Cultures from bone marrow and ascites yielded growth of Brucella melitensis and Brucella standard tube agglutination was found to be positive at a titer of 1/1280. The patient completely recovered by the sixth week following combined antibacterial treatment of ciprofloxacin, rifampin and doxychline. Conclusion- Brucellosis is a multisystemic disease, which may be manifested by various symptoms. Our case is the first case of brucellosis to be reported in the literature with the rare association of severe complications of hearing loss, ascites and pancytopenia.
Carcinoid Tumor of the Stomach a Rare Form of Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Tumor: a Report on Three Cases
(2001) Kotan, C.; Kösem, M.; Özgören, E.; Ilhan, M.; Sönmez, R.; Akpolat, N.
Between 1994 and 1999 three patients with gastric carcinoid tumors were diagnosed at Yüzüncü Yil University Medical Faculty, Department of Surgery. Their ages were 65, 80, and 50 years, and all were male. The major complaints were epigastric pain, dysphagia, loss of appetite and weight, postprandial vomiting and in one patient, hematemesis and melena. None of the patients had carcinoid syndrome. The tumor was located in the upper portion of the stomach in one case and distal portion of the stomach in two cases. All three patients were initially diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of the stomach due to the endoscopic appearance of the tumor and histologic evaluation of the endoscopic biopsy. Because of the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, two of them underwent subtotal gastrectomy and the other had a total gastrectomy. Histological examination of the resected materials showed well differantiated carcinoid tumors. Two cases had lymph node metastasis. Tumor cells in the stomach were immunoreactive for chromogranin A and neuron specific enolase and Grimelius positive for argyrophil cell detection. This paper presents a literature review and describes these three cases.
Carotid Body Tumors: Challenging Complexity of Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment
(2003) Kiriş, M.; Cankaya, H.; Kutluhan, A.; Kiroglu, A.F.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the patients treated for carotid body tumors and the problems encountered during diagnosis and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included eight patients (5 females, 3 males; mean age 50 years; range 36 to 68 years) who underwent surgery for carotid body tumors. Diagnosis was confirmed by power Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging in all patients. Angiography was performed in three patients to evaluate vascularity and to perform embolization before surgery. Two patients had previously undergone biopsy elsewhere. The mean follow-up was 15 months (range 2 to 36 months). RESULTS: The size of the tumors varied from 3 cm to 11 cm. In two patients the tumors were found to extend to the skull base. Ligation of the external carotid artery and the common carotid artery was performed in five patients and in one patient, respectively. Surgery-associated injuries given to the internal carotid artery in two patients were repaired by sutures. The 10th cranial nerve was dissected in two patients who had undergone a prior biopsy. They developed cord paralysis and hoarseness postoperatively. Resection of the 11th cranial nerve in one patient resulted in shoulder pain and drop shoulder. The 12th cranial nerve was repaired end-to-end by neurorrhaphy in two patients. They exhibited significant improvement in nerve functions a year after surgery. CONCLUSION: The larger the tumor is, the more difficult the resection is, and the more injuries are caused to the surrounding nerves and vessels.
A Case of Transverse Vaginal Septum Diagnosed During Labor
(Aves, 2005) Ustun, Yusuf; Ustun, Yaprak Engin; Zeteroglu, Sahin; Sahin, Guler; Kamaci, Mansur
Transverse vaginal septum is the result offliulty canalization of the embryonic vagina. We described a case of transverse vaginal septum with a small central aperture diagnosed during labor. An 18-years-old girl at 28 weeks of gestation presented to our obstetric department complaining of symptoms of preterm delivery. Pelvic and vaginal ultrasonography, with gynecologic examination established a diagnosis of transverse vaginal septum in mid vagina. An incision in the vaginal septum allowed us to see the head of the fetus in the vagina. The diagnosis of transverse vaginal septum was confirmed during labor and excision of the septum prevented the uterine rupture.
Cases of Cutaneous Anthrax in Eastern Turkey: the Reports of Three Cases
(Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, 2015) Karadaş, S.; Gönüllü, H.; Ceylan, M.R.; Esmer, F.; Ebinç, S.
Anthrax is an acute disease caused by the bacterium Ba cillus anthracis. This bacteria can form dormant endospores. When spores are inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with a skin lesion on a host, they may become reactivated multiply and rapidly. B. anthracis bacterial spores are soil-borne. Because of their long lifespan, spores are present globally and remain at the burial sites of animals killed by anthrax for many decades. Diseased animals can spread anthrax to humans, either by direct contact or by consumption of a diseased animal's flesh. The most frequent clinical type of anthrax is cutaneous anthrax. It presents as a boil-like skin lesion that eventually forms an ulcer with a black center (eschar). Cutaneous anthrax form often within the site of spore penetration between two and five days after exposure. Until the 20th century, anthrax infections killed thousands of animals and people worldwide each year. Animal vaccination programs and antibiotic therapy were decreased the number of deaths. But, anthrax is still a problem in less developed countries. It has been reported that the incidence of disease has decreased in Turkey. However, we present here in three cases of cutaneous anthrax admitted to the emergency department of our hospital within a week. © 2015 OMU.

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