Browsing by Author "Özbek, H."

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Analgesic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Chelidonium Majus L
(University of Ankara, 2007) Sever Yilmaz, B.; Özbek, H.; Saltan Çitoǧlu, G.; Uǧraş, S.; Bayram, I.; Erdoǧan, E.
Water extract of Chelidonium majus L. (CM) was investigated for analgesic effect in mice and hepatoprotective effect in rats. Analgesic activity of the extract was tested using tail-flick test. Mice were injected CM intraperitoneally (i.p.) in doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg end 200 mg/kg. Pain tresholds were measured with tail-flick test before administration and at 30th, 90th and 150th minutes after treatment. Hepatoprotective activity of CM on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute liver toxicity was also studied. Rats were injected CM i.p. in doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. CM had no analgesic activity at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses. However at 200 mg/kg dose, it produced higher analgesic activity than aspirin at 90th minute. At the 150th minute, its analgesic activity was equal to that of aspirin. CM (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) showed no significant influence on the increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubine in CCl4 treated animals. Histopathological examination did not reveal any significant difference between CM (100 mg/kg) and CCl4 groups. The results of this study clearly indicate that C. majus. has analgesic activity at 200 mg/kg dose in mice. However C. majus. has no hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver toxicity in rats.
Anti-Inflammatory and Hepatoprotective Activities of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum L
(2008) Öner, A.C.; Mercan, U.; Öntürk, H.; Cengiz, N.; Erten, R.; Özbek, H.
The aim of this study was to investigate anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of Trigonella foenum graecum L. (TFG). Anti-inflammatory activity: Control group was administered saline solution and reference group was administered indomethacin. TFG groups were injected TFG:olive oil (1:4) in doses of 0.1 mL/kg (TFG-I), 0.5 mL/ kg (TFG-II) and 1.0 mL/kg (TFG-III). Before the injections and three hours after the injections the volume of right hind-paw of rats was measured using a plethysmometer. Hepatoprotective activity: The hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Control group and CCl4 group received saline solution and 0.8 mL/kg CCl4:olive oil (1:1) respectively for seven days. TFG group and silibinin group (reference group) received TFG:olive oil (1:4) in doses of 0.1 mL/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively for seven days. Blood samples were collected on the 8th day and the liver was extracted after the animals were killed. TFG had an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of control group at all doses. It was found that reduction in the inflammation was 93.20% with indomethacin, 31.70% with TFG-I, 43.47% with TFG-II and 44.95% with TFG-III. Median effective dose (ED50) value of TFG was found to be 0.0645 mL/kg. TFG significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels when compared to CCl4 group. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the TFG and CCl4 groups. The results showed that TFG had considerable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities.
Antinociceptive Activity of Ballota Glandulosissima Hub. -Mor & Patzak
(2005) Çitoǧlu, G.S.; Özbek, H.; Severa, B.
We aimed to investigate antinociceptive activity and median lethal dose (LD50) of water extract of Ballota glandulosissima Hub.-Mor&Patzak in mice. In this study, water extract of Ballota glandulosissima was investigated for antinociceptive activity using acetic acid-induced "writhing" and "tail-flick" tests. Acetyl salicylic acid and morphine were used as the reference drug. Mice were injected Ballota glandulosissima extract intraperitoneally in doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The extract of Ballota glandulosissima caused dose related inhibition in the acetic acid-induced ab dominal stretching response in mice. The extract of Ballota glandulosissima also showed significant changes in the nociceptive threshold of the tail-flick test. The motor coordination of mice treated with the water extract was evaluated by using the "rotarod" test and was found to be not impaired in comparison with that of control mice.The results obtained in the present study indicate that the water extract of Ballota glandulosissima has promising antinociceptive activity. The LD 50 of Ballota glandulosissima was determined as 8.885 g/kg.
A Comparison of Effects of Floroquinolones on Fracture Healing (An Experimental Study in Rats)
(2005) Tuncay, I.; Özbek, H.; Köşem, M.; Ünal, Ö.
BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to test and compare the effect of floroquinolones on fracture healing as assessed histopathologically. METHODS: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were arbitrarily assigned to five groups with five animals each. Bilateral closed femoral fracture was constructed manually in all groups. The first group did not receive any drug as control (C). The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and the last group were treated with norfloxacin (N), ofloxacin (O), pefloxacin (P) and ciprofloxacin (Ci) respectively. Antibiotic administration was started on the 7th day after the fracture incident. All the treatments were discontinued twenty days after the incident all the rats were sacrificed, and the fracture calluses together with affected femurs were resected en bloc at the fourth week after fracture. RESULTS: Average healing grades of control group was higher than all the other antibiotic groups. Mean healing grades of control (5 ; n:8), ofloxacin (4.1; n:7), ciprofloxacin (3.9; n:8), norfloxacin (3.4; n:9) and pefloxacin groups (2.6; n:10) were recorded.. Statistically significant differences between antibiotherapy groups (excluding, norfloxacin) and the control group were detected. CONCLUSIONS: The current histopathological study has shown that all the studied floroquinolones retarded fracture healing in rats.
Determination of Lethal Doses of Volatile and Fixed Oils of Several Plants
(2004) Özbek, H.; Öztürk, M.; Öztürk, A.; Ceylati, E.; Yener, Z.
Objective: To determine lethal doses of fixed and/or volatile oils extracted from leafs or fruits of Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sesamum indicum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Nigella sativa, Urtica pilulifera, Apium graveolens, Cuminum cyminum, Coriandrum sativum and Thymus fallax, Method: Swiss albino mice were injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations of the extract and results were evaluated with the method of probit analysis. Results: Maximum volume of oil administered to mice was kept below 0.5 ml. The oils of Sesamum indicum and Urticapilulifera was completely non-lethal even at doses reaching 12.8 ml/kg and considered non-toxic. Conclusion: Lethal doses were determined for all other plants and LD1, LD10, LD50, LD90 and LD99 values were given.
Differential Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Immunocytochemical Study of 112 Cases
(2005) Kösem, M.; Polat, S.; Öztürk, M.; Kotan, Ç.; Özbek, H.; Algün, E.
Papillary carcinoma is diagnosed mainly by its classical papillary structures and nuclear changes. However similar structural and cytological features may also be seen in other lesions of thyroid. Immunohistochemical staining methods help in these circumstances that cytological features do not suffice for differential diagnosis. In this study we stained 112 parafin-embedded blocks with thyroidal lesions (60 papillary carcinoma and 52 other benign or malignant thyroidal lesions) with HBME-1, CK-19, S-100 and EMA. Papillary carcinomas were stained 8.3% weakly, 90% moderately and strongly with HBME-1; 11.7% weakly, 88.3% moderately and strongly with CK-19; 50% weakly, 50% moderately and strongly with EMA; 26.6% weakly, 48.4% moderately and strongly with S-100. Other thyroid lesions were stained 36.5% weakly, 5.8% moderately with CK-19; 26.6% weakly, 15.4% moderately with EMA; 7.7% weakly, 1.9% moderately with S-100. None of the thyroid lesions, but papillary carcinoma, were stained with HBME-1. Papillary carcinoma cases had significantly higher staining with all four markers. However, HBME-1 and CK-19 were considered more valuable in differential diagnosis for papillary carcinomas, since they showed moderate and strong staining. Also high sensitivity and specificity of HBME-1 makes it a good marker for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer.
Evaluation of Median Lethal Dose and Analgesic Activity of Foeniculum Vulgare Miller Essential Oil
(2006) Özbek, H.; Taş, A.; Özgökçe, F.; Selçuk, N.; Alp, Ş.; Karagöz, S.
Gas-chromatographic analysis, analgesic effect and median lethal dose (LD50) of Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil (FEO) extract were investigated in mice. In all the experiments mice were tested twice, 30 min before drug administration in the baseline latency determinated and 30, 90 and 150 min after drug administration by tail-flick device. Aspirin (150 mg kg-1, peroral) and Morphine hydroclorure (10 mg kg-1 subcutan) were used as reference drugs. Only isotonic saline solution (0.2 mL, intraperitoneal) was given to the control group. 0.25 and 0.50 mL kg-1 FEO extract were given intra peritoneally to FEO groups. LD50 of the FEO was determined as 1.038 mL kg-1. At the 150th min of the study it is determined that all of the study groups (except Morphine group) had significantly analgesic effect when compared with control group and there was no difference between Aspirin and FEO groups. It was concluded that FEO had statistically significant and same analgesic effect with Aspirin showed at the 150th min of the study. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Hepatoprotective and Hypoglycemic Activities of Viburnum Opulus L
(Turkish Pharmacists Association, 2010) Altun, M.L.; Özbek, H.; Çitoǧlu, G.S.; Yilmaz, B.S.; Bayram, I.; CengIz, N.
In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of the water extract of Viburnum opulus L. (VO) on carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)- induced hepatotoxicity in rats, hypoglycemic activity and acute lethality of the same extract in mice. Biochemical parameters of hepatic damage such as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin concentrations were determined. CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg i.p for 7 days) treatment increased the serum AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin levels significantly as compared to controls. Treatment of animals with silibinin (50 mg/kg) +CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg i.p.) and VO (100 mg/kg, i.p.) +CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg i.p.) for 7 days lowered the levels of ALT and AST but was not significant. It was observed that ALP levels higher than normal values. The results of biochemical tests were also confirmed by histopathological examination. VO showed a few balooning degeneration, apoptosis, centrilobular necrosis in the liver tissue and bridging necrosis similar to silibinin-treated group. To compare hypoglycemic activity of VO, glibenclamide was used as the reference agent. However, VO has hypoglycemic activity neither in diabetic mice nor in their healty controls. The present study revealed that the water extract of Viburnum opulus had slight hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver toxicity in rats and no hypoglycemic activity in mice. The LD50 of VO was determined as 5.447 g/kg.
Hypoglycemic and Hepatoprotective Effects of Foeniculum Vulgare Miller Seed Fixed Oil Extract in Mice and Rats
(2003) Özbek, H.; Öztürk, M.; Bayram, I.; Uǧraş, S.; Çitoǧlu, G.S.
Objective: We aimed to investigate median lethal dose (LD50) and hypoglycemic effect of fixed oil of Foeniculum vulgare Miller seed fixed oil (FFO) in mice and its hepatoprotective effect on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver injury model in rats. Method: Extract of FFO, glibenclamide (as a reference group) and physiologic saline (control group) were administrated to the healthy and diabet occured mice with alloxan. Before treatment in the first, second, third, fourth and 24th hours, blood was taken from the vena coccygea of mice. Blood glucose levels were measured. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and the groups treated daily for seven days, by i.p. injections, of isotonic saline solution (ISS), olive oil, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), CCl 4 + FFO respectively. Results: FFO did not significantly reduced blood glucose in alloxane-induced diabetic mice compared to ISS control group. In contrast, glibenclamide effectively reduced blood glucose of alloxane-induced mice in first, second, fourth and 24th hours as expected. In the CCl4-treated group and FFO-treated group serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were quite high. In contrast, the control groups (group I and group II) had significantly lower levels of AST and ALT when compared with the CCl4 and FFO groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that FFO has neither a potent hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats nor a hypoglycemic action in mice. The LD50 of FFO was determined as 5.52 mL/kg.
Investigation of Acute Liver Toxicity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia Austriaca J. Jacq
(2008) Mercan, U.; Öner, A.C.; Öntürk, H.; Cengiz, N.; Erten, R.; Özgökç, F.; Özbek, H.
The aim of this study was to investigate hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia austriaca J. Jacq. essential oil (AA). Artemisia groups were injected AA in doses of 0.05 mL/kg (AA-I), 0.1 mL/kg (AA-II) and 0.2 mL/kg (AA-III) in both inflammatory and hepatotoxicity experiments. The hepatotoxicity was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. Artemisia did not have an anti-inflammatory effect matching to that of control group at any doses. It was found that reduction in inflammation was 96.62% with indomethacin, 5.71% with AA-I, 10.54% with AA-II and 31.37% with AA-III. AA-I significantly reduced the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels when compared to the CCl4 group. The histopathological findings showed a significant difference between the AA-I and CCl4 groups. The results showed that Artemisia austriaca J. Jacq. had considerable hepatoprotective activity while it did not show an anti-inflammatory activity.
Investigation of Acute Toxicity, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Effect of Urtica Dioica L
(2009) Tekin, M.; Özbek, H.; Him, A.
In our study, we aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and analgesic effect of Urtica dioica L fixed oil (UD) in mice, and its anti-inflammatory effect in rats. The acute toxicity of UD was tested for the increasing doses between 0.2 and 12.8 mL/kg. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in carrageenan induced tissue inflammation model and the effect of two different doses of UD was compared with that of isotonic saline, ethyl alcohol, and indomethacin. The analgesic effect was evaluated by tail-flick response and the effect of UD was compared with that of morphine hydrochloride and isotonic saline. It was found that the reduction in inflammation was 95.70% with indomethacin (3 mg/kg i.p.), 47.40 % with 0.05 mL/kg UD i.p. and 56.97% with 0.15 mL/kg UD i.p. Both UD doses showed statistically significant anti-inflammatory effect compared to the control groups but weaker than indomethacin. UD showed no significant analgesic effect compared to the control group. Fixed oil of UD was non-toxic. Our preliminary data show that UD fixed oil extract has a mild anti-inflammatory effect but it is not analgesic or toxic in the dose range examined.
Investigation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Bergamot Oil
(TIP ARASTIRMALARI DERNEGI, 2007) Karaca, M.; Özbek, H.; Him, A.; Tütüncü, M.; Akkan, H.A.; Kaplanoǧlu, V.
Aim: Essential oil of Bergamot (BO) was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema test. Methods: For the anti-inflammatory activity measurement six different groups were established and BO was administered in three different doses: 0.025, 0.05 and 0.10 mL/kg. Indomethacin was used as a reference agent. Results: It was found that reduction in the inflammation was 95.70% with indomethacin, 27.56% with 0.025 mL/kg BO, 30.77% with 0.05 mL/kg BO and 63.39% with 0.10 mL/kg BO. Indomethacin showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the drugs used. The strongest anti-inflammatory activity of BO was seen with 0.10 mL/kg dosage. Median effective dose (ED50) value of BO was found to be 0.079 mL/kg. Conclusion: The results showed that BO posseses promising anti-inflammatory effect.
Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Β-Caryophyllene
(2008) Bakir, B.; Him, A.; Özbek, H.; Düz, E.; Tütüncü, M.
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of β-caryophyllene (trons-caryophyllene) in rats and mice. In our previous work, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of Eugenia caryophyllata essential oil. We performed this study in order to determine the component(s) (such as eugenol, β-caryophyllene, α-humuiene, eugenyl acetate) responsible for these activities. For the anti-inflammatory activity measurement, five different groups were established and β-caryophyllene was administered in three different doses: 0.025, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg. Etodolac was used as reference agent. For the analgesic activity measurement, four different groups were established and β-caryophyllene was administered in two different doses: 0.05 and 0.1 ml/kg. Morphine was used as reference agent. Etodolac showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity among the drugs used.The strongest anti-inflammatory activity of β-caryophyllene was seen with 0.1 ml/kg dosage. The median effective dose (ED50) value of β-caryophyllene was found to be 0.0745 ml/kg. Morphine showed the strongest analgesic activity, but β-caryophyllene did not show analgesic activity at any of the dosages. As a result, it is concluded that β-caryophyllene is a molecule having anti-inflammatory activity, but with no analgesic properties. © Essential Oil Resource Consultants. All rights reserved.
Medikal Sempatektomi Yapılan Sıçanlarda Duktus Deferens Histomorfolojisi ve Epididimal Sperm Değerlendirmesi
(2002) Erdoğan, E.; Göçer, F.; Rağbetli, M. Ç.; Odabaş, Ö.; Özbek, H.; Aydınlıoğlu, A.
Bu çalışmamızda medikal sempatektomi yapılan sıçanlarda duktus deferensteki histomorfolojik değişikliklerle, kaput ve kauda epididimisteki sperm konsantrasyon ve hareketliliğindeki değişimin araştırılmasını amaçladık. Çalışmada 18'i çalışma grubunda ve 12'si kontrol grubunda olmak üzere toplam 30 adet erişkin Spraque-Dawley erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Çalışma grubuna 15 gün süreyle düşük doz (10mg/kg/gün) intraperitoneal guanethidin (CIBA), kontrol grubuna ise serum fizyolojik enjeksiyonu yapıldı. 15. günde eter anestezisi altında bilateral orşiepididimektomi yapıldı. Her iki grupta sağ taraftan çıkarılan spesimenler epididimal sperm hücresi sayımında, sol taraf ise vaz deferensin histomorfolojik incelemesinde kullanıldı. Kaput ve kaudadaki sperm sayıları çalışma grubunda kontrole göre daha düşük olmakla birlikte istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p>0.05). Her iki grup sperm hareketliliği yönünden karşılaştırıldığında hem kaput hem de kaudal sperm hücreleri arasında fark yoktu (p>0.05). Bu sonuçlara karşın sempatektomili grupta duktus deferens kas tabakası ve epitel yüksekliğinde azalma ve tümenlerinde genişleme gözlenmiştir. Sempatektomi yapılan sıçanlarda kaput ve kauda epididimisteki sperm yoğunluğu ve hareketliliğinde değişiklik saptanmazken duktus deferens histomorfolojisinde anlamlı değişiklikler bulunmuştur.
Rickets in Healthy Adolescents in Van, the Eastern of Turkey
(TIP ARASTIRMALARI DERNEGI, 2010) Üner, A.; Acar, M.N.; Cesur, Y.; Doǧan, M.; Çaksen, H.; Temel, H.; Özbek, H.
Aim: To investigate the ratio of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in healthy adolescents at Van region. Method: Totally 126 cases were included in this study. All cases were evaluated for the presence of rickets symptoms, daily sun exposure, and vitamin usage, covering and eating habit. Diagnosis of rickets was made based on biochemical findings. The children whose vitamin D levels were lower than 10 ng/dl were accepted as vitamin 25(OH)D3 deficiency, but whose levels between 10-20 ng/dl were accepted as vitamin D insufficiency. Result: Sixty girls (47.6%) and 66 boys (52.4%) were included in this study. They were between 9 and 17 years old (11.94 ± 1.9 years). Vitamin D levels in 60 (47.6%) cases were normal, but 48 (38.1%) cases had rickets, 13 (10.3%) cases had vitamin D insufficiency and 5 (4.0%) cases had vitamin D deficiency. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of rickets between the cases with or without covered-dress. However, there was a significant difference in the incidence of vitamin D insufficiency (p<0.05). All of the cases had less daily calcium, phosphorus, protein and vitamin D intake than recommended daily amount. In the rickets group, alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly higher comparing with the others (p<0.05), but there was no difference in plasma intact parathyroid hormone levels. Conclusion: Our findings revealed that most adolescents who appeared to be healthy (52.4%) could have vitamin D insufficiency. Therefore, we believe that dietary education and/or vitamin D prophylaxis might be given to all adolescents. However, more extensive researches should be done to elucidate of our suggestion's correction.
The Serum Levels of Il-1β, Il-6, Il-8 and Tnf-Α in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
(2003) Tuncer, I.; Özbek, H.; Topal, C.; Uygan, I.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) has an extensive clinical spectrum ranging from simple fatty liver to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. The aim of our study was to measure the serum levels of some cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), which are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFL. Thirty subjects (18 males, 12 females) with clinical and laboratory features of hepatosteatosis were enrolled in the study as the patient group (group 1) and 30 healthy subjects (21 males, 9 females) served as controls (group 2). The levels of hepatic transaminases, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α were studied in both patients and controls. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels did not display significant differences between the patients and the controls (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the IL-8 level was significantly elevated in the patient group (P < 0.05). This increased level may play a more active role in the pathogenesis of fatty liver than IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Further studies are needed to elucidate to what extent the proinflammatory cytokines (especially IL-8 and TNF-α) are involved in the pathogenesis of NAFL.
Vasorelaxant Effect of Sildenafil on Aorta and Pulmonary Artery in Rabbits
(2006) Güler, N.; Özbek, H.; Eryonucu, B.
This in vitro study was designed to determine the direct vasorelaxant effect of the sildenafil on isolated rabbit pulmonary artery and compare it with the response of isolated rabbit aorta. Endothelium intact aortic and pulmonary artery rings from seven domestic rabbits were suspended in organ chambers containing 15 mL Krebs solution aerated with 95% O2, 5% CO2. In both phenylephrine and potassium chloride (KCl) precontracted vessels, relaxant responses of sildenafil were recorded by strain gauge transducers connected to a polygraph. Sildenafil (10-9 to 3×10-5 M) induced a dose-dependent vasodilation of phenylephrine precontracted aorta and pulmonary artery; 55 and 95% relaxations were obtained, respectively, at a concentration of 3×10-5 M. Sildenafil also caused a dose-dependent vasodilation of KCl-precontracted aorta and pulmonary artery, but this vasodilation was significantly lesser. Sildenafil-induced relaxations were higher in pulmonary arteries when compared to aortic rings precontracted with either phenylephrine or KCl. We concluded that sildenafil induces a dose-dependent vasodilation on phenylephrine and KCl-precontracted rabbit aorta and pulmonary artery. This vasodilatory effect is more potent in pulmonary arteries than in aortic rings. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Vasorelaxant Effects of Sildenafil and Verapamil on Isolated Rat Aorta With and Without Intact Endothelium
(2006) Özbek, H.; Güler, N.; Eryonucu, B.
This study was designed to compare vasorelaxant effects of the sildenafil and verapamil on isolated rat aorta. Endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings were suspended in organ chambers. Sildenafil (10-10 to 10-4 M) induced a dose-dependent vasodilation of phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings. Relaxation of endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings caused by 10-4 M sildenafil was about 96 and 79%, respectively. Verapamil (10-10 to 10-4 M) induced a dose-dependent vasodilation of phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings. Relaxation of endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings caused by 10-4 M verapamil was about 99 and 98%, respectively. In the phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings, pD2 values for sildenafil were 4.93±0.59 and 4.11±0.62 in the presence and absence of endothelium, respectively. The pD2 values for verapamil were not different in the presence and absence of endothelium (5.15±1.05 vs 4.96±1.14). Verapamil and sildenafil showed a similar degree of vasorelaxant effect in the intact aortic rings, although there was a significant difference in the degree of relaxation in the absence of endothelium (98 vs 79%). Sildenafil induced both endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxation on the aortic rings. Although, there was no significant difference in the degree of relaxation induced by verapamil and sildenafil in aortic rings with intact endothelium, verapamil has more relaxing effect in the denuded aortic rings. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Venlafaxine Treatment in a Patient With Narcolepsy
(2002) Tombul, T.; Özbek, H.; Kara, H.; Kiran, Ü.; Özer, Ö.A.