Browsing by Author "Akkiraz, Mehmet Serkan"

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Çivril Doğusu’nda (Denizli) Yüzlek Veren Rupeliyen–erken Şattiyen (Oligosen) Yaşlı Tokça Formasyonu’nun Paleoekolojisi: Sayısal İklimsel Karşılaştırmalar
(2010) Akgün, Funda; Akkiraz, Mehmet Serkan; Örçen, Sefer
Bu çalışmada, Çardak–Tokça havzasında yüzlek veren Tokça Formasyonu’nun palinolojik ve foraminifer içeriklerine dayalı paleoiklimsel, paleoortamsal ve paleoekolojik yorumlamalar yapılmıştır. Tokça Formasyonu içerisinde resifal karakterdeki kireçtaşları Üçtepeler resif üyesi olarak bilinir. Tokça Formasyonu resmi olmayacak şekilde, resifin altı, resif ve resifin üstü olmak üzere üç bölüme ayrılabilir. Resifin altındaki istif genellikle çakıltaşı, kumtaşı, çamurtaşı ardalanmasından oluşmaktadır. İçerisinde yer yer bitki kırıntıları ve hematitli düzeyler bulunmaktadır. Resifin üzerindeki istif, genellikle kumtaşı ve çamurtaşı ardalanmasından oluşmaktadır, hiç bir düzeyinde çakıltaşı bulunmamaktadır ve çok sayıda ince kömür damarı içerir. Ayrcıa alt bölümlerinde de işletilen kömür damarı mevcuttur. Palinolojik topluluk, hem resifin altındak, hem de üzerindeki istiflerden elde edilmiştir. Toplulukta, Laevigatosporites haardti, Pityosporites microalatus, Momipites punctatus, Caryapollenites simplex, Tricolpopollenites liblarensis ssp. fallax, Tricolpopollenites retiformis ve Tricolporopollenites cingulum ssp. oviformis formları baskındır. Ayrıca, sığ denizel ortamı simgeleyen dinoflagellatlar da ayırtlanmıştır. Üçtepeler resif üyesinden ise zengin bir foraminifer topluluğu tanımlanmıştır. Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) dilatata d’Archiac, Miogypsinoides sp. (İlkel formlar), Austrotrillina sp. ve Cycloclypeus sp. formlarına göre, tortulaşma Üst Oligosen’in alt bölümlerinde gerçekleşmiştir. Palinoloijk ve foraminifer verileri birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, Tokça Formasyonu’nun çökelimi denizel etki altında gerçekleşmiştir. Resifal kireçtaşlarının çökelimi süresince deniz düzeyi en yüksek seviyesine ulaşmıştır. İstatiksel paleoiklimsel sonuçlar ise, Tokça Formasyonu’nun çökeliminin subtropikal iklim şartları altında, yoğun yağış aldığını göstermektedir. Rupeliyen–alt Şattiyen Tokça Formasyonu’nundan elde edilen sayısal iklimsel sonuçlar, Avrupa’dan yaşıt havzalarla karşılaştırıldığında, o dönemdeki ısı değerlerinin Anadolu’da daha yüksek ısılara ulaştığını ortaya koymaktadır.
Palaeoecology of the Rupelian-Early Chattian (Oligocene) Aged Tokca Formation Outcropping East of Civril (Denizli): Quantitative Climatic Correlations
(Tmmob Jeoloji Muhendisleri Odasi, 2010) Akkiraz, Mehmet Serkan; Akgun, Funda; Orcen, Sefer
In this study, based on the palynological and foraminiferal the contents, palaeoclimatic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological interpretations of the Tokca Formation outcropping on the Cardak-Tokca Basin have been made. Limestones at reefal character in the Tokca Formation is known as the Uctepeler reef member. Tokca formation can informally be divided into three parts as the lower side of reef, reef and upper side of reef. Succession under the reef consists chiefly of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone alternation. In some places, there are plant debris and hematite bearing levels. Suquence on the reef is generally made up of sandstone and mudstone alternation, not available conglomerate in any level and contains many thin coal seam. Besides, coal seam operated occurs at the lower sides of the sequence. Palynological assemblage has been obtained from both the sequences of the lower side and upper side of the reef. In the assemblage, Laevigatosporites haardti, Pityosporites microalatus, Momipites punctatus, Caryapollenites simplex, Tricolpopollenites liblarensis ssp. fallax, Tricolpopollenites retiformis and Tricolporopollenites cingulum ssp. oviformis are dominant. In addition, dinoflagellates representing shallow marine environment have been identified. The rich foraminifera community from the Uctepeler reef member have been described. According to Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina) dilatata d'Archiac, Miogypsinoides sp. (primitivel forms), Austrotrillina sp. and Cycloclypeus sp., the age of the deposition has been determined as the lower sides of the Upper Oligocene. When palynological and foraminiferal data has been evaluated with together, deposition of the Tokca Formation took place under marine influence. Sea level during deposition reefal limestones has reached its highest level. The statistical palaeoclimatic results indicate that the Tokca Formation was deposited under subtropical conditions receiving the high rainfall. The quantitative climatic results obtained from the Rupelian-lower Chattian Oligocene Tokca Formation compared with coeval basins from Europe, the temperatures of that period in Anatolia suggests reaching a higher temperatures.
Stratigraphic and Palaeoenvironmental Significance of Bartonian-Priabonian (middle-Late Eocene) Microfossils From the Bascesme Formation, Denizli Province, Western Anatolia
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2006) Akkiraz, Mehmet Serkan; Akgun, Funda; Orcen, Sefer; Bruch, Angela Anneliese; Mosbrugger, Volker
This study explains the stratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental significance of Bartonian - Priabonian ( Middle - Late Eocene) fossils, the fauna and flora obtained from the Bascesme formation of the Cardak - Tokca basin ( western Anatolia). The studied sequence is an outcrop from the Bascesme formation, deposited in a shallow-marine to coastal environment without stratigraphic breaks. Forty genera and 58 species have been recognized in the palynological assemblage of the Bascesme formation. A well-preserved diverse palynomorph and foraminiferal assemblages yield the Middle - Late Eocene age for the Bascesme formation. In western Anatolia, mangrove elements Nypa and Pelliciera have been first recorded in this study. The pollen of Mauritia and Acrostichum occur in the back-mangrove environment. Lowland - Riparian and montane elements are characterized by dominance of Myricaceae, Betulaceae, Engelhardia, Fagaceae, Myrtaceae, Anacardiaceae and Taxodiaceae, Pinus, Abies, Picea, Cathaya, Quercus and Castanea, respectively. Fresh-water elements are represented by Sparganiaceae, Pediastrum sp. and Aglaoreidia cyclops. The palynological data for samples taken from the lower part of the section of the Bascesme formation indicate a back-mangrove environment. The presence of poorly preserved dinoflagellate cysts suggest that sedimentation occurred in a mangrove environment in the upper part of the section. The well-preserved foraminiferal data, along with corals, bivalves and gastropods, indicate that sedimentation ceased in the shallow-marine environment. In this paper, terrestrial climatic conditions of the Bascesme formation are also discussed on the basis of the coexistence approach.
Stratigraphy and Palaeoenvironment of the Lower-"middle" Oligocene Units in the Northern Part of the Western Taurides (Incesu Area, Isparta, Turkey)
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2011) Akkiraz, Mehmet Serkan; Akgun, Funda; Orcen, Sefer
This study describes the stratigraphic and palaeoenvironmental significance of the Lower-"middle" Oligocene sediments based on the fauna from the Delikarkasi Formation and the microflora from the Incesu Formation of the Incesu area (northern part of the western Taurides, Isparta province, Turkey). In the area, the Oligocene sediments show a regressive succession, which begins with the limestones of the Delikarkasi Formation indicating marine conditions followed by conglomerates, sandstones and coaly mud-stones of alluvial and fluvial (shallow marine-continental) origin. A well preserved foraminiferal assemblage including Nummulites intermedius, Nummulites vascus and Halkyardia maxima proves an Early Oligocene age for the Delikarkasi Formation. Due to palynological markers such as Boehlensipollis hohli, Slowakipollis hippophaeoides, Dicolpopollis kockelii, Magnolipollis neogenicus ssp. minor, Plicapollis pseudoexcelsus, Caryapollenites simplex and Intratriporopollenites instructus the Incesu Formation, which concordantly rests on the Delikarkasi Formation, may be assigned to the Early-"middle" Oligocene. From the palynomorph assemblage, three zones have been recognised according to abundance of species. Zone 1 is characterized by predominance of C. simplex and Momipites punctatus and rarely presence of tricolpate and tricolporate pollen. Zone 2 consists mainly of Inaperturopollenites dubius, Leiotriletes maxoides ssp. maximus, Verrucatosporites favus, Verrucatosporites alien us and infrequently marine dinoflagellate cysts. Zone 3 is characterized by a high percentage of ferns such as Echinatisporis? chattensis and Polypodiaceoisporites saxonicus. The presence of marine dinoflagellate cysts like Apectodinium sp. and Cleistosphaeridium sp., back-mangrove elements such as Acrostichum aureum and lepidocaryoid palms (e.g. Longapertites discord is, Longapertites punctatus and Longapertites psilatus) in the sediments of the Incesu Formation imply coastal or near-coastal conditions. Terrestrial palynomorphs in more inland settings were transported by running water towards the sea. Conifers are represented by poorly preserved and rare pollen grains of Pityosporites, Cathayapollis and Piceapollis which may have been transported by wind. In this study, the terrestrial climate of the Incesu Formation is also discussed on the basis of the Coexistence Approach method. The climate was warm at the coast (over 20 degrees C), as evidenced by A. aureum and lepidocaryoid palms, whereas there was a mean annual temperature of 17.2-17.4 degrees C must be assumed for the upland environment(s). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.