Browsing by Author "Bostan, P."

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Minimum Temperature Mapping With Spatial Copula Interpolation
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Bostan, P.; Stein, A.; Alidoost, F.; Osei, F.
Monitoring of variables like temperature, precipitation, and air quality is performed to determine their current situation, exhibit the presence of trends and occurrence of outliers. These variables are measured at specific locations and to obtain a full estimation map, we need to predict values at unknown locations. This study focuses on making a minimum air temperature map using copula interpolation with the spline family. Minimum temperature observations for January 2017, all months of 2017, and seasonal averages are analysed over the Euphrates Basin in Turkey. The minimum temperature observations have a high variability due to the varying topography of the area, ranging between -2 C degrees and +14 C degrees in whole of 2017. The interpolation methods incorporated the above mean sea level elevation map and remotely-sensed land surface temperature. We evaluated the accuracy of the predictions using ten-fold cross-validation and compare copula interpolation with External Drift Kriging (KED). The study shows that copulas provided more accurate predictions than KED for most of the months, and for the summer and autumn seasons, whereas KED produced high accurate predictions for January 2017. Results of this study indicate that copulas are able to detect variation in minimum temperatures accurately in areas where topography and observation values are highly variable. Further work will focus on copula-based space-time interpolation techniques for the minimum temperature mapping. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
From the Problem of Environmental Justice To Climate Justice
(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2023) Bostan, P.; Özvan, H.
The concept of environmental justice, which was only in the discourse of indigenous and poor communities or marginalized groups until a short time ago, has turned into a global problem with the changing climate and is now being studied under the name of climate justice. Although it is expected that changing conditions, climate, people who hold power and wealth, wrong or incomplete policies applied, and sometimes even lack of politics, will affect all people equally in every corner of the world in the 21st century, it is clear that this is not the case. This injustice has become more visible in the right to be represented in decision- making processes, being the voice of neglected minority groups, system- based inequalities in social and economic fields, and intra- and inter- generational justice. The benefits and costs related to climate change (environmental degradation, drought, decrease in freshwater resources, health, etc.) are unevenly distributed. Climate justice, which is one of the pursuits of environmental justice, and issues that played an important role in shaping this movement are discussed in this report. Particularly in the environmental context, it should be taken into account that there is a clear injustice between groups that cannot be treated equally and equitably. Although the concepts of climate justice and environmental justice differ in terms of their origins, their scope and goals are similar. In this respect, both approaches to justice produce solutions to ensure sustainable social justice by protecting nature, climate, and people. These two concepts have been tried to be explained in line with their principles and scopes. © 2023 Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.
Basic Kriging Methods in Geostatistics
(Centenary University, 2017) Bostan, P.
Measurements of environmental, hydrological, agricultural and similar studies are based on point observations over the Earth. Precipitation and temperature values are measured from meteorological stations, soil characteristics are measured from soil samples, and pollution of a lake is measured by taking samples from lake. These are some examples from spatial point measurements. These variables can be measured by taking samples from a limited number of locations or from certain locations. However, it is logically impossible to measure a variable at all parts of globe or on a field of certain size. Instead of this it is possible to make some interpolation to map spatial distributions of that variable. Observation locations which are close to each other tend to have similar values, however the ones located farther apart from each other differ more. So this knowledge is used in prediction procedure (interpolation). Kriging which will be described here, is an interpolation method. Kriging makes optimal predictions: it provides the most likely value at any location of a variable. Methodologies of most commonly used kriging methods in geostatistics; Ordinary kriging, Regression kriging and Universal kriging have been described in this review work. © 2017, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Various Methods on Aesthetic Visual Quality Assessment
(Centenary University, 2019) Özvan, H.; Bostan, P.
The visual landscape aesthetic quality is seen as a resource that is worth preserving in today’s condition. Landscape which is composed of relationship between human and environment is expressed by people’s perception. However this is not just about visual perception, or how we see the land, but also what we hear, smell and feel from our surroundings, and memories or associations that they evoke, are all form the landscape perception. There is not a certain evaluation standard of the visual quality analysis studies which is mostly focusing on the relationship between environmental preferences and the perception of landscape. Therefore, in previous studies it is observed that different methods were used for analysis and evaluation in order to determine the visual quality. Due to predomination of visual experiences in the process of development of perception in the human brain, various assessment methods have been developed to measure the quality through photos of the desired area. While some studies focus on the relationship between demographic characteristics and environmental preferences of users; some studies examine only the relationship between landscape character areas and aesthetic theories that affect visual quality. In studies that uses both of the methods together; the potential quality of the landscape is evaluated by considering the parameters which affect the perception and aesthetic theories as well as by integrating the perspectives of the users. In this review, the parameters that affect the visual quality of the landscape, the elements shaping environmental preferences and methods that are used for visual quality assessment will be compared and recommendations for future planning and design studies will be included. © 2019, Centenary University. All rights reserved.