Browsing by Author "Bugrul, Hasan"

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A Study of 1970s Hakkari Handmade Shoes: an Ethnography
(intellect Ltd, 2020) Bugrul, Hasan
This study examines the types of shoes that were worn in the 1970s in Hakkari - a city and province in Turkey close to the Turkish-Iraqi border - and its surroundings, linking them to social status, choice and taste, as well as economic power and the original cultural heritage of the local community. The findings detailed herein are based on samples taken from fieldwork conducted in 32 localities. Severe winter conditions have an important place among the factors that shape the social life of the local people of Hakkari. In winter, they used to wear snowshoes called 'leken' to walk comfortably on snow of 2 m depth. Unlike various types of shoes worn today, there were three types of shoes worn in Hakkari and its surroundings in the past in addition to snowshoes. The first is the one made of goat hair called 'resik'; the second is called 'lastik', which has a tyre sole and has knitted sides made of goat's hair yarn; the third is a shoe called 'kalik', made from cattle skin. The characteristics of these have close relations with the material, colour and shape of shoes and the class and status of the people who wore them as well as with traditions and culture of the community. As well as exploring the material and other features of these shoes, similar examples, redesigned and made in other nearby provinces, are compared and discussed. This study is significant in that these traditional handicrafts are at risk of vanishing, as are other handicrafts in other parts of the world, due to the influence of technology and industrialization. By considering the traditional methods of shoe-making in Hakkari and contextualizing this amongst the practices of other nearby provinces, this study aims to contribute to the promotion of the culture and art of the region and add to the limited literature in this field.
Parzun, Hakkari Province Women's Traditional Backpacks
(Editura Acad Romane, 2022) Bugrul, Hasan
Hakkari is one of the important centres of sheep breeding and is associated with milk and wool products obtained from sheep. Milk and the products obtained by processing the milk obtained from sheep fed with endemic plants offer great taste. Knitted and woven works made by spun wool obtained from sheep too are admired in terms of their material, decoration and fine workmanship. Weaving made for clothing, carrying, floor covering and many other different purposes is also remarkable in terms of diversity. Although carrying goods on the back is a worldwide tradition, equipment used for carrying goods on back may differ from country to country or even from region to region. For example, while in the Black Sea Region women use baskets for carrying tea on their backs, we see weavings of smaller sizes than sacks with handles on both sides in the Aegean Region. In the Hakkari region, women's backpacks are woven in a rectangular shape, stitched to a square or close to square and take the shape of a triangle when they are taken on one's back. The research on these women's backpack, which is especially peculiar to the Hakkari region, is based on an ethnographic work field study covering thirty-two settlements of Hakkari. This study serves to introduce the "parzun", which is among the weavings of Hakkari for carrying purposes and which has an important place in the social life, culture and art of the region. The study is also aimed to protect this cultural asset and transfer it to future generations, as well as contributing to scientific studies to be carried out in this fiel d.
Function and Decoration of Sacks in the Hakkacirc;ri Traditional Weaving
(Editura Acad Romane, 2025) Bugrul, Hasan
Sack is a type of weaving which dates back to a long history and it is made with materials such as cotton, hemp, synthetic or woollen yarn. They are named according to the type of material used, function, size and decoration. In this study, sacks found in various settlements of Hakk & acirc;ri province and obtained by purchasing in the locality and currently offered for sale in a kilim-carpet trade shop in Van province are discussed. Considering the relationship of function and decoration in traditional sacks of this city; with motifs such as such as 'cocklebur', 'star', 'eye amulet', 'ram-head' on the woven sacks, it is seen that besides abundance and happiness, protecting people and objects against different dangers themed motifs come to the forefront. With this study, it is aimed to contribute to the promotion of the locality, scientific studies to be made in weaving field and transfer related art and culture to the future generations. Keywords: Hakk & acirc;ri, Weaving, Sacks, Decoration, Function.
An Evaluation About the Grievance Based Expressions on Turk- Islamic Gravestones
(Istanbul Univ, Research inst Turkology, dept Art History, 2018) Bugrul, Hasan
It can be seen that happiness and sorrow, which have important places in our social lives, constitute important theme of our culture and art works. As in other artistic elements, this theme can widely be encountered on the tablets depicted on the gravestones. However, whatever has a historical background is exposed to different external influences and inevitably affected in different ways. The widely seen stalagmites of Turks before Islam, human / animal-shaped, figurative and with praise / sorrow epigraphs, gain a different dimension with Islam, as well. However, this variation does not remove the old tradition completely. It can be seen that the ancient theme, patterns and forms were continued in one way or another. Considerable studies have been done related to the grave epigraph of Turks including the comparison of the pre-Islamic Turkish inscriptions with the ones in Islam period in Turkey. However, considering the studies have been conducted, it is believed that how the Yenisei expressions, with the content of "grievance", affected each Seljuk and Ottoman period have not been questioned adequately. In this study; by quoting from different sources, we tried to examine how pre-Islamic Turk grave epigraph influenced the grave epigraph of Seljuk and Ottoman period (XIX.-XX. Century) comparatively.
An Evaluation on the Photo Exhibition of Traditional Knitting Works of Hakkâri Province
(Ataturk Univ, 2023) Bugrul, Hasan
Hakk & acirc;ri locality has an important place in knitting works besides weaving art. Woollen gloves and socks have the function of protecting hands and feet against the cold in winter and they are remarkable in terms of the messages they carry. In this context, one of the purposes of organizing the exhibition was to draw attention to the name and meaning of the motifs on the knits. When you compress an art and culture only into leaf pages, you share them only with a certain circle. On the other hand, if you expose them through a promotion, such as an exhibition, you open up to the outside world. In this way, it is possible to convey this art to all parts of the world with local, national, and international press and traders press and traders as well as visitors with different profiles and from different places. This essay aims at contributing to the local people of the Hakk & acirc;ri locality economically by promoting the art and culture associated with the woollen socks, woollen gloves, and the shoes called re & scedil;ik, made out of goat hair yarn by means of knitting technique, through an exhibition.
Traditional Woven Bags From Hakkari Province
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Bugrul, Hasan
Until the 1970s, when village roads were just beginning to open in the rural areas of Hakkari, carrying was mainly reliant on animal and human power. Sacks, some types of saddlebags, sacks and 'ter' were used for carrying loads by horse or mule while bags, some types of saddlebag and 'parzun' were used for carrying goods using manpower. Traditional ethnographic artifacts from thirty-two settlements in Hakkari province were investigated within the scope of this field study. Besides decoration and material, we can see various types of woven bags in terms of function. Namely, they can be listed as shepherds' (farmhands) bags, shepherds' salt bags, wheat seed bags, scythe sharpening tools bags, women's back packs, women's shoulder bags and ornamental bags. There are around six thousand certificated and approximately four thousand with no certificate weavers in Hakkari province; however, there have been almost no attempts to motivate them to make weavings in response to today's consumers' desires and demands. The aim of this study is to contribute to the scientific studies carried out in the field and to promote the economy of the locals while protecting traditional crafts of the region thus preserving the art works of Hakkari province for future generations.