Browsing by Author "Demir, S."

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Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions: Function and Management in Horticulture
(Elsevier, 2022) Demir, S.; Danesh, Y.R.; Boyno, G.; Najafi, S.
Rhizosphere can be defined as the dynamic microcosm between the plant, microorganisms, and soil components in a narrow region where the habitats of plant roots are formed. Mycorrhizal fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are known to promote plant development, increase plant nutrient absorption, promote plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and improve soil structure, and members of the rhizosphere’s mutual microsymbiosis. As the ecological function of mycorrhizal symbiosis has become much better understood in recent years, this biodiversity and its evolution is no longer considered a black box but a source of extensive networking and molecular communication in the rhizosphere. In this review, it has been tried to describe the effect and mechanism of action of arbuscular mycorrhizae against environmental and cultural stress factors in horticultural production systems. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Demir, S.; Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demirer Durak, E.; Najafi, S.; Boyno, G.
The 20th century has been accompanied by the increasing growth in agricultural production, the use of chemical inputs, especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as the development of new methods in genetics and plant breeding. In natural ecological conditions, the rhizosphere soils have different types of living organisms, including mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, that play a significant role in plant growth and development, plant nutrition as well as tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a significant symbiotic relationship with different types of plants in most natural habitats. These fungi play a direct role in improving the growth and development of plants in agricultural ecosystems by absorbing phosphorus and other mineral nutrients from the soil. Also, the role of these fungi in reducing the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses, bioremediation of contaminated soils, protecting plants against pathogens, increasing biodiversity in host plants, and improving soil fertility and structure has also been validated. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the majority of plants, such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, and thus play a significant role in sustainable agricultural systems. Proper management of these fungi can be very important in improving sustainable agricultural practices. In this chapter, the role and benefits of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agricultural development systems are emphasized and discussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Technology in Sustainable Agriculture: Current Knowledge and Challenges in Agroforestry
(Springer Nature, 2024) Boyno, G.; Ansari, R.A.; Durak, E.D.; Güneş, H.; Çevik, R.; Demir, S.
In agroecosystems, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the most common and ubiquitous. Because of their productive and comprehensive symbiotic connections with plants, AM technology looks to be a viable option for sustainable agriculture and agroforestry. The commercialization of this technology may be utilized in agriculture, horticulture, and agroforestry to improve land use management and reduce the need for synthetic chemicals for plant growth and disease control. Furthermore, while mycorrhiza inoculation of plants is a well-known procedure, developing an inoculum consistently under field circumstances remains a bottleneck for their wide range of applications. Mycorrhizal inoculum generation, on the other hand, is a complicated process that necessitates commercial enterprises having the requisite biotechnological skills and capacity to react to ethical, educational, legal, and commercial needs. The aim of this chapter is to compile the available data on the theme of commercialization of AM technology as a tool and its use in increasing plant growth and yield characters. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Bioremediation and Using of Fungi in Bioremediation
(Centenary University, 2018) Vural, A.; Demir, S.; Boyno, G.
Pollutants causing environmental pollution have gained a rapid increase with the industry developing parallel to the increasing population. These pollutants both disrupt the balance of nature and affect the health of the living beings in the negative. At the present time, bioremediation has gained an important place in the studies related to the elimination of these pollutants. Bioremediation is an affordable and environmentally friendly method for converting pollutants into non-environmentally harmful products using various microorganisms. In particular, among these microorganisms, the fungi used in the bioremediation have attracted considerable attention because they decompose the pollutants into harmless products by their properties such as secreted enzymes and / or mycelia structures. In this review, it is aimed to bring together the different aspects of bioremediation and fungi that define different and new metabolic capacities and their role in bioremediation potential on a common platform. © 2018, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Cognition as a Parameter in Monitoring the Effect of Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Treatment: a Prospective Controlled Study
(Elsevier, 2024) Cinar, B. Piri; Baba, C.; Demir, S.; Uzunkopru, C.; Seferoglu, M.; Dogan, I. Gungor; Ozakbas, S.
Background: Cognitive evaluation was considered to be very important in the relapse period, on the basis of the presence of isolated cognitive attacks and the necessity of monitoring the patient both physically and cognitively. Materials and methods: People with MS (pwMS) who were hospitalized during relapse were included in the study. All MS patients were evaluated by the neurologist with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), The 9 Hole Peg Test (9HPT) and the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test (T25-FWT). Additionally, all participants were examined cognitively with the Turkish version of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery. Also, schedules were indicated as during relapse before the treatment (pre-treatment) and the first month after relapse (1-month follow-up). Results: A total of 140 MS patients (mean age; 34.98 +/- 10.09, mean disease duration; 6.05 +/- 5.29 years) and 86 healthy controls (mean age; 36.94 +/- 10.83) were included to the present study. The mean EDSS scores in pretreatment in MS patients was 2.74 +/- 1.14 and decreased significantly in the 1-month follow-up (1.74 +/- 1.24; p<0.001). The mean SDMT score was lower by 8.76 points in MS patients than in HCs) in pre-treatment and 7.66 points in 1-month follow-up (p<0.001). The mean SDMT scores of all participants increased with measurement time gradually (p<0.001). Conclusion: In this study, it was detected which cognitive domains were affected after relapse treatment and cognitive changes in pwMS during relapse and remission periods compared to the healthy controls. All three BICAMS test scores significantly increased in one-month follow-up than the pre-treatment period. The results showed that CVLT-II and BVMT-R scores improved more in pwMS than in HCs, and also SDMT scores of pwMS showed a trend of increase, but was not a significant improvement.
Cognition as a Parameter That Should Not Be Ignored When Evaluating the Effect of Relapse Treatment: a Prospective Controlled Study
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2021) Cinar, B.; Baba, C.; Demir, S.; Uzunkopru, C.; Seferoglu, M.; Gungor Dogan, I.; Ozakbas, S.
Detection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Within Colonised Roots of the Gramineae Family Members by Nested-Polymerase Chain Reaction (Pcr)
(2011) Demir, S.; Sipahioglu, H.M.; Kaya, I.; Usta, M.; Savur, O.B.
In this study, it is aimed to asses the association of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi within colonised rhizosphere of Gramineae family members through a survey by using nested polymerase chain reaction method in Van province (Turkey). From 24 agro-ecological fields, a total of 82 samples belonging to Gramineae family were tested by molecular methods. The presence of Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae was ascertained in 10 plants belonging to eight different species by using fungus specific primers. Root colonisation ranged from 6 to 37% within rhizosphere of Gramineae family members and the average root colonisation by AM fungi was 22%. © 2011 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Determination of the Anthracnose (Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Lambs. Scrib.) Resistance in Some Turkish Bean Genotypes by Artificial Inoculation and Molecular Methods
(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2017) Erdinc, C.; Turkmen, O.; Demir, S.; Sensoy, S.
A total of 123 bean genotypes collected from different regions of Turkey and 7 foreign anthracnose-resistant varieties were evaluated for resistance to anthracnose disease caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magn.) Lambs. Scrib. Analysis was conducted using artificial inoculation as well as resistance-linked molecular markers. Artificial inoculation was performed in a growth chamber using Race 55. Molecular markers were obtained from SCAR [SAS13 (950 bp, Co-4(2)), SC08 (910 bp, Co-4), SF10 (1072 bp, Co-10), SZ04 (567 bp, Co-6)] and RAPD (OA18(1500) (1500 bp, Co-1(5)) primers associated with resistant genes. Results of artificial inoculation showed that in addition to the 7 foreign varieties, 21 Turkish bean genotypes were anthracnose-resistant, while the remaining 102 Turkish genotypes were not. Moreover, results of molecular-marker screening indicated the presence of one or more amplicons associated with resistant-gene markers (Co-4(2), Co-4, Co-6, Co-10 and Co-1(5)) in the majority of resistant genotypes. Only one accession (G89) had all 5 amplicons, and 6 accessions (G19, G20, G34, G93, G97 and Jaguar) had no amplicons. The present study discovered Turkish bean germplasm of both Andean and Mesoamerican source to have a high level of resistance against anthracnose Race 55. In addition, amplicons connected with several resistance genes were found in this broad bean germplasm. Bean genotypes distinguished in the present study as anthracnose resistant could be utilized in future reproducing programs.
The Effect of Clonostachys Rosea (Sch.) Schroers and Samuels Against Verticillium Wilt (Verticillium Dahliae Kleb.) and Early Blight [Alternaria Solani (Ell. and G. Martin) Sor.] Diseases in Tomato Plants
(Centenary University, 2022) Çevik, R.; Demir, S.; Türkölmez, Ş.; Boyno, G.
The effectiveness of Clonostachys rosea against Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae) and early blight (Alternaria solani) diseases, as the two most important problems in tomato cultivation with significant economic losses, was determined. It was determined that C. rosea was effective on A. solani and V. dahliae and suppressed mycelial growth. Also, the C. rosea on wheat grains inoculated to plants at 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g concentrations before and after pathogens inoculation. Then, fungal discs (2 mm in diameter) from V. dahliae growing colonies were inoculated on the host plant root zone. A. solani was also inoculated (1x106 conidia ml-1 ) by spraying the foliar parts of the plants. Results showed that V. dahliae caused 76.0% disease severity in control plants, while the disease severity indices were 58.3%, 55.3%, and 25.3% at 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g C. rosea application, respectively. In A. solani x C. rosea treatments, the disease severities were determined as 96.6%, 63.3%, 43.6% and 46.6% in control, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g application of C. rosea, respectively. The pathogen suppression rates by C. rosea at 30g application dose was 54.8% against A. solani and at 40 g application dose was 66.6% against V. dahliae. The effects of C. rosea on plant growth parameters were also determined. Results showed that C. rosea had a positive effect on the morphological parameters in tomato plants. © 2022, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate on Powdery Mildew in Tomato
(International Society for Horticultural Science, 1999) Demir, S.; Gui, A.; Onogur, E.
In this study on the integrated control of diseases and pests of cucumber and tomatoes in greenhouses, the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOs) against powdery mildew on tomatoes was tested. Three chemical treatments; namely, wettable powder (WP) sulphur, a fungicide with the active ingredient triforine which is not harmful to natural enemies of pests and NaHCC<3 were used. These treatments were applied to three tomato varieties in the greenhouse at the first appearance of powdery mildew symptoms. Treatment with WP sulphur completely prevented powdery mildew disease after two applications, whereas five triforine and NaHCC<3 were required.In addition,no statistically significant differences were determined between the treatments in each of the tomato varieties in terms of yield.
Effect of Some Trichoderma Species on Germination Rate of Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.)
(Centenary University, 2019) Güneş, H.; Demirer Durak, E.; Yeşilova, A.; Demir, S.
Plants belonging to the Urticaceae family, including 48 genera and 1050 species in the world, are used extensively in many areas from past to present for different purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the parameters that promote germination of U. dioica plant in order to contribute to the studies aimed at increasing the use of nettle in large areas for agricultural and pharmacological purposes. Trichoderma harzianum, T. virens, T. asperellum fungi, Hoagland nutrient solution and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Water Agar and blotter germination medium were used to determine the effects on germination of nettle seeds. The study was conducted in vitro with 4 replications. As a result of the experiment, it was determined that all Trichoderma species promoted germination of nettle plant with nutrient solution in blotter medium and increased by 62.5% compared to control. In this context, it has shown that will be beneficial transferring this effect seen in vitro conditions to in vivo conditions. © 2019, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
The Effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Salicylic Acid Against Verticillium Dahliae Infecting Pepper (Capsicumannuum L.)
(Aloki Applied Ecological Research and Forensic inst Ltd, 2021) Coskun, F.; Demir, S.; Alptekin, Y.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth parameters and severity of wilt disease caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. in pepper. Effects of two different AMFs (Commercial AMF and Glomus intraradices) and two different SA doses (0.5 and 1 mM) were compared with untreated control plants after ten weeks. Both AMF species caused 62.08% and 69.07% root colonization, and the mycorrhizal dependency ratio changed from 9.08% to 59.37% in pepper plants. Commercial AMF caused a significant increase in morphological growth parameters, root colonization, mycorrhizal dependency rates and suppression of the disease severity. SA (1 mM) resulted in improved morphological growth parameters and suppression of the severity of the disease. Besides, SA and AMF applications were found to suppress the severity of Verticillium wilt disease by 21.8% and 56% in pepper plants, respectively. Thus, the applications of SA and AMF had positive contributions to the pepper plant's morphological development.
The Effects of Amf, Whey and Humic Acid Applications on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality in Different Cucurbit Species Under Open Field Conditions
(Centenary University, 2016) Ekincialp, A.; Erdinç, Ç.; Eser, F.; Demir, S.; Şensoy, S.
This study was carried out to assess the effects of two different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF), humic acid (HA) and whey applications on various plant and yield characteristics in melon (Magnum-F1), watermelon (Wonder-F1) and summer squash (Focus-F1) species. At trials implemented in the field, 5 different applications [1-) Control, 2-) AMF, 3-) AMF+Whey, 4-) AMF + HA, and 5-) AMF + Whey + HA] were applied at 4 replications according to randomized block design for all three types of vegetables species. The applications on melon were significant for average yield (28 430 - 41 240 kg ha-1) and average branch length. The applications were significant on watermelon in terms of average yield (51 460-86 580 kg ha-1), average branch length (124.75-165.75 cm), fruit pedicle length; and on summer squash in terms of average yield (27 660-34 540 kg ha-1), TSSC (8.99-10.25 brixº), and weight of fresh leaves. It was observed that the 5th and 4th applications were more superior to the others. According to average yield, especially, the fifth application had the highest mean for all three species. © 2016, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Different Phosphorus Doses Against Cotton Wilt Caused Verticillium Dahliae Kleb
(2011) Orak, A.B.; Demir, S.
The objective of this work was to study the influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF) and different phosphorus dosages on the development of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. induced wilt in cotton. Sayar-314 cotton variety which is sensitive to Verticillium wilt, AMF G. intraradices and phosphorus dosages of 0, 40 and 80 kg ha -1 were used in the experiments implemented under naturally V. da hi lae - c ontam ma te d field conditions during the years of 2007 and 2008. According to the obtained results, it was found that there occurred a reduction in the disease chart. Also, it was observed that the application reduced the severity of the disease by 22-29.22% in green portions of cotton plants and their stem sections in field divisions particularly to which G. intraradices and phosphorus of 40 kg ha -1 had been applied together in both years. On the other hand, phosphorus dosage of 80 kg ha -1 had a negative effect in suppressing the infection. Phosphorus (P) content of cotton plant's leaves increased in mycorrhizal fungus treated divisions compared with those untreated. Besides, due to the infection, cotton yield decreased by 14-21% in the divisions without AMF application. It was also concluded that if AM fungus was applied along with lower dosages of phosphorus, it would mitigate the severity of V. dah I ia e - indue e d infection in cotton, increase the yield despite the infection and induce phosphorus uptake in the plant. © 2011 Asian Network for Scientific Information.
Effects of Humic Acid, Whey and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf) Applications on Seedling Growth and Fusarium Wilt in Zucchini (Cucurbita Pepo L.)
(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2013) Sensoy, S.; Ocak, E.; Demir, S.; Tufenkci, S.
The effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF, Gigaspora margarita), whey (50 ml kg(-1)), and Humic acid (HA, 500 mg kg(-1)) applications on seedling growth and Fusarium wilt (FON, Fusarium oxysporum sp. niveum) in hybrid zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) cultivar Focus F-1 were investigated. The study was consisted of total 16 treatments including different combinations of FON, AMF, humic acid and whey. There were significant effects of the treatments on seedling growth and some nutrient contents. The treatment which had the highest suppression on Fusarium wilt was the single AMF treatment followed by triple application of AMF, HA, and whey.
Effects of Two Different Amf Species on Growth and Nutrient Content of Pepper Seedlings Grown Under Moderate Salt Stress
(Academic Journals, 2008) Turkmen, O.; Sensoy, S.; Demir, S.; Erdinc, C.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) species on the growth and nutrient contents of pepper seedlings (cv. Demre) grown under moderate salt stress. Two different mychorrhizas (Glomus intraradices and Gigaspora margarita) were tested on a growing media containing moderate salt stress (75 ppm NaCl). The study was replicated four times with 8 plants in each replicate. At the end of the study, some nutrients such as P, K, Ca, and Na and plant growth parameters such as shoot height, stem diameter, root length, and dry and fresh weights of shoots and roots were investigated. Saline condition had negative effects on the seedlings. Both AMF species had positive effects on salt tolerance based on the plant growth parameters and nutrient contents. G. intraradices caused better response in seedling development compared to G. margarita, though insignificantly.
Nanoparticles From Microbes: the Next Generation Tool for Combatting Plant Diseases
(CRC Press, 2024) Boyno, G.; Teniz, N.; Durak, E.D.; Danesh, Y.R.; Demir, S.
Microbe-synthesized NanoParticles (MNPs) show great potential for controlling plant diseases, offering advantages over chemical pesticides. MNPs possess unique physical and chemical properties, leading to higher efficacy, lower toxicity, and environmental safety. They can be produced using cost-effective and eco-friendly methods, making them a viable alternative. MNPs exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, including antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. They can penetrate pathogen cell walls, disrupting their normal processes and causing death or reduced virulence. Additionally, MNPs can activate plant defence mechanisms, enhancing resistance to infections. This chapter provides an overview of MNPs’ applications in plant disease management, exploring microorganisms involved in nanoparticle synthesis and the underlying mechanisms. MNPs offer advantages like cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and specificity in synthesis. However, challenges remain, such as understanding long-term environmental and human health effects, regulatory and economic barriers, and developing efficient delivery systems. Despite these challenges, MNPs have the potential to transform agriculture and promote sustainable practices. Further research is needed to address limitations and overcome barriers. MNPs could become a versatile, environmentally friendly alternative in various fields. With continued progress, they offer a promising solution for plant disease control, fostering sustainable and effective approaches. © 2025 Irshad Mahmood, Rizwan Ali Ansari and Rose Rizvi.
Reaction of Different Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Cultivars To Isolates of Verticillium Dahliae Kleb. From Various Hosts
(Centenary University, 2021) Coşkun, F.; Alptekin, Y.; Demir, S.
Although Verticillium dahliae is one of the limiting factors in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has no effective control measures, the most effective method is planting resistant cultivars. This study was carried out under controlled climatic conditions to determine the response of some economically important pepper cultivars grown in Turkey against some isolates of V. dahliae. Bafra F1, Ergenekon F1 hybrid cultivars and Sena, Sera Demre 8, Doru 16 registered domestic pepper cultivars were used in this study. V. dahliae isolates (Bisak 16, Kahramanmaraş, Karpuz-2, Karpuz-4, Kayseri) obtained from different regions and hosts and diagnosed were used as a source of inoculums. The disease severity on inoculated plants in pots were calculated according to severity of the wilting (0-5 scale) and browning of stem cut (0-3 scale). Significant differences were observed between pepper cultivars in terms of susceptibility to V. dahliae isolates. According to the study results, when the leaf symptoms were evaluated, varieties resistant to wilt disease were Ergenekon F1 and Bafra F1, while Sera Demre-8 was determined as a susceptible variety. According to the browning symptoms of stem cut, while the resistant variety was Ergenekon F1, Sena was determined as the sensitive variety. © 2021, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Response of Four Zucchini (Cucurbita Pepo L.) Hybrids To Different Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2011) Sensoy, S.; Demir, S.; Tufenkci, S.; Erdinc, C.; Demirer, E.; Unsal, H.; Ekincialp, A.
Four zucchini hybrids (Focus F-1, Comet F-1, Natali F-1, and Ezra F-1) inoculated by three different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) [Glomus intraradices (Gi), Glomus etinucatum (Ge), and Gigaspora margarita (Gm)] in a growth chamber experiment were evaluated for seedling traits, nutrient uptake, colonization, and relative mycorrhizal dependency (RMD). Relative mycorrhizal dependency ranged widely among four zucchini hybrids. Gm inoculations had higher positive RMDs, while Gi inoculations had lower negative RMDs. Gm-inoculated Focus F-1 had the highest RMD (30.22%). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated seedlings had wider cotyledons and stems. There were also significant effects of AMF inoculation on the most of nutrients.
Response of Turkish Melon Genotypes To Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp Melonis Race 1 Determined by Inoculation Tests and Rapd Markers
(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2007) Sensoy, S.; Demir, S.; Buyukalaca, S.; Abak, K.
The response to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (F.o.m.) race 1 of 79 Cucumis melo L. genotypes - 56 accessions collected from different parts of Turkey, 5 local cultivars and 18 foreign genotypes - was determined by using pathogenicity tests and RAPD markers (E07 and G17). For pathogenicity tests, at least 15 individuals of each melon genotype were artificially inoculated by either conidia suspension culture or sand culture of F.o.m. race 1. Melon seedlings were evaluated on a 0-3 scale for the presence of vascular browning two weeks after inoculation with conidia suspension culture resp. four weeks after inoculation with sand culture. The disease incidence on the 79 melon genotypes ranged from 0 to 100%. Seven melon genotypes were resistant (CU129, CU258, T8, Y9, Y10, Y15, and Y63), three melon genotypes (CU280, CU309, and T1) were heterogeneous, and all the others were susceptible to F.o.m. race 1 based on disease incidence and vascular browning. The success of the E07 marker in detecting susceptible genotypes was higher than that of G17; the mistmatch ratios of E07 and G17 markers were 5.06 and 58.23%, respectively.