Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions: Function and Management in Horticulture

Abstract

Rhizosphere can be defined as the dynamic microcosm between the plant, microorganisms, and soil components in a narrow region where the habitats of plant roots are formed. Mycorrhizal fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are known to promote plant development, increase plant nutrient absorption, promote plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and improve soil structure, and members of the rhizosphere’s mutual microsymbiosis. As the ecological function of mycorrhizal symbiosis has become much better understood in recent years, this biodiversity and its evolution is no longer considered a black box but a source of extensive networking and molecular communication in the rhizosphere. In this review, it has been tried to describe the effect and mechanism of action of arbuscular mycorrhizae against environmental and cultural stress factors in horticultural production systems. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.