Browsing by Author "Ekin, Ismail Hakki"

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Biotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Enterococcus Faecalis and E. Faecium Isolated From Urine and Stool Samples
(Kowsar Publ, 2020) Tollu, Gulsah; Ekin, Ismail Hakki
Background: Enterococci are one of the opportunistic pathogenic microorganisms that can cause significant problems for human and animal health. Enterococcus faecium seems to be more resistant to antibiotics than E. faecalis. It is thought that pathogenic E. faecium can develop antibiotic resistance very quickly, and the ability to transfer this feature is considered to be an important health risk. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence, biotypes, and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of E. faecalis and E. faecium strains isolated from 267 routine urine and stool samples that were brought to the microbiology laboratory of Regional Training and Research Hospital of Van, with permission of the patients. Methods: In the present study, enterococci using species-specific primers to examine E. faecalis and E. faecium multiplex PCR technique was applied. Biotyping of the isolates was used to identify them as E. faecalis and E. faecium by molecular techniques, and antibiotic susceptibility of all samples was examined, as well. Results: The isolates were identified by multiplex PCR using species-specific primers for E. faecalis and E. faecium. Biotyping based on 13 biochemical tests showed that 72.5%, 12.5%, and 15% of E. faecalis strains were of biotypes I, II, and III, respectively, whereas E. faecium strains could be divided into biotype I (10%), biotype II (12.5%), biotype III (27.5%), and biotype IV (50%). Additionally, all E. faecalis strains were found to be susceptible to penicillin G and imipenem. On the other hand, 95% of the E. faecalis strains were found to be resistant to clindamycin, 77.5% to tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 42.5% to erythromycin, 32.5% to gentamicin, and 17.5% to ciprofloxacin. Of E. faecium strains, 37.5% were found to be resistant to clindamycin, 32.5% to penicillin G, 27.5% to erythromycin and imipenem, 20% to ciprofloxacin, 17.5% to tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 15% to gentamicin, and 5% to vancomycin. Conclusions: In conclusion, the identification of E. faecalis and E. faecium strains by PCR is reliable and faster than biochemical tests. Additionally, the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests may provide important contributions to the clinical approach.
Comparative Assessment of Brucellosis Detection in Dogs: In-House Elisa Versus Rose Bengal Plate Test Utilizing Rough and Smooth Antigens
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2025) Akar, Kadir; Yuecetepe, Ayfer Guellue; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Dadar, Maryam; Guerbilek, Sevil Erdenlig
Brucella canis and smooth Brucella species infections have been reported in dogs globally. In endemic countries such as T & uuml;rkiye, dogs can be infected with both species. The exact incidence of canine brucellosis in T & uuml;rkiye is unknown. This study aims to investigate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in stray dogs undergoing sterilization in Van province, eastern T & uuml;rkiye. In this study, a comprehensive approach was used to ensure reliable incidence of Brucella spp in the dogs. We used the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) with both antigens from smooth Brucella abortus S99 (RBPT-S) and rough B. canis (RBPT-R) Brucella species to analyze 150 dog blood serum samples. For the in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA), we used a rough Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen from the rough strain (i-ELISA-R) and an O-polysaccharide (O-PS) antigen (i-ELISA-S) from the smooth strain obtained from the OIE Reference Laboratory in Weybridge, UK. Each serum sample underwent analysis using a total of four serological tests, ensuring a thorough and reliable evaluation. Out of 150 serum samples analyzed, 32 (21.3 %) tested positive using the RBPT-S test and 12 (6.6 %) with the RBPT-R test. The i-ELISA-R identified 8 (5.3 %) positive samples, while the i-ELISA-S detected 27 (18 %) positive samples. The presence of B. canis and other Brucella spp. infections was detected in the dog in this region, revealing that canine brucellosis was primarily caused by smooth Brucella species. The test beased -smooth antigens identified a significantly higher number of positive samples compared to the test beased -rough antigens test, suggesting a potential difference in sensitivity or specificity between the two methods. This situation was considered an important risk for both dogs and humans, underscoring the urgent need for further research and the immediate implementation of public health measures to address this issue.
Detection and Comparison of Neuraminidase Activities in Human and Bovine Group B Streptococci
(Wiley-blackwell, 2016) Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Gurturk, Kemal; Ilhan, Ziya; Ekin, Suat; Borum, Ayse Ebru; Arabaci, Cigdem; Yesilova, Abdullah
Human and bovine group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates were serotyped and amounts of released N-acetylneuraminic acid from N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose by extracellular neuraminidase were colorimetrically assessed. According to serotyping by co-agglutination method, 30 of bovine GBS and 43 of human GBS could be serotyped (ST) by monospecific antisera coated with protein A. The remaining GBS strains were designated as nontypeable (NT). The released N-acetylneuraminic acid was determined in 90.9% of bovine GBS and 47.1% of human GBS isolates. The differences between the total bovine and human GBS isolates were statistically significant (p < 0.001). In comparison with detected N-acetylneuraminic acid level in bovine and human groups, significant decrease was observed in the bovine NT group according to increased human NT (p < 0.01) and bovine ST groups (p < 0.01). However, N-acetylneuraminic acid level in bovine ST and bovine total groups significantly (p < 0.001) increased with respect to the human ST group and human total group. Neuraminidase activity was detected more frequently in bovine GBS isolates. Considerable differentiations were observed between typeable and nontypeable isolates.
Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis by Tuberculin Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction in Van, Turkey
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Solmaz, Hasan; Ilhan, Ziya; Aksakal, Abdulbaki; Gulhan, Timur; Ekin, Ismail Hakki
aim of this study was to identify the presence and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in the eastern Anatolian border province of Van and its villages and to collect the preliminary data required for programs for the prevention and control of this zoonotic disease. The tuberculin test was performed on 210 cattle. Nasal swab and milk samples were obtained from the animals tested. Three cattle that had a positive tuberculin test also tested positive for the DNA target, a 580-bp fragment of IS6110 specific for members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. This fragment was also recovered from milk taken from the third animal tested positive for tuberculin. All the other cattle were negative for bovine tuberculosis on both tuberculin test and PCR assay. The results of the tuberculin test and the PCR were in close correlation with each other. Van is a border province in eastern Anatolia. In the city center and its villages, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was estimated as 1.42%.
Detection of Enzyme Activities and Their-Relation To Serotypes of Bovine and Human Group B Streptococci
(Soc General Microbiology, 2015) Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Gurturk, Kemal; Ilhan, Ziya; Arabaci, Cigdem; Gulaydinl, Ozgul
Enzymatic properties of group B streptococci (GBS) serotypes from bovine milk and human routine vaginal specimens were investigated. Out of the 56 human and 66 bovine GBS, 35 and 30 could be classified serologically by a co-agglutination test with type-specific antisera, respectively. Hyaluronidase (HYAL), streptokinase (SK) and protease activities were detected using culture media. HYAL activity was observed mostly in typable human GBS, and serotypes la, lc and II comprised 77.3 % of the typable strains producing HYAL. Bovine GBS serotypes II, III and VII comprised 87.5 % of typable bovine strains exhibiting HYAL activity. SK activity was detected only in three human GBS. Human GBS serotypes la, lc, II, III, VII and almost all typable bovine GBS strains showed protease activity. beta-D-glucosidase activity was frequently observed in human GBS, whereas N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity was mostly detected in non-typable GBS from humans. These results indicate that different GBS serotypes could vary in their virulence properties, and bovine and human GBS isolates could not be differentiated by their enzyme activities. Use of the culture media appeared to be a simple-to-apply and useful method for the detection of extracellular enzyme activity such as HYAL, protease and SK.
Detection of Seasonal Asymptomatic Dermatophytes in Van Cats
(Springer, 2016) Ilhan, Ziya; Karaca, Mehmet; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Solmaz, Hasan; Akkan, Hasan Altan; Tutuncu, Mehmet
The Van cat is a domestic landrace found in the Van province of eastern Turkey. In this study, we aimed to determine the seasonal carriage of dermatophytes in Van cats without clinical lesions. A total of 264 hair specimens were collected from clinically healthy cats in and around the Van Province. Of these samples, 30.3% were obtained in spring, 30.6% in summer, 16.6% in autumn, and 22.3% in winter; 45.1% of samples were from male cats and the rest from female ones. Of the studied cats, 118 were younger than 1 year, 78 were 1-3 years old, and 68 were older than 3 years. The specimens were subjected to direct microscopic examination with 15% potassium hydroxide and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium supplemented with cycloheximide and chloramphenicol. Dermatophyte identification was carried out based on macroscopic and microscopic colony morphology, urease activities, in vitro hair perforation test, growth at 37 degrees C, and pigmentation on corn meal agar. Dermatophytes were isolated from 19 (7.1%) of the 264 specimens examined. The most frequently isolated fungi were Trichophyton terrestre (4.1%), followed by Microsporum gypseum (1.1%), M. nanum (1.1%), and T. mentagrophytes (0.7%), and these fungi may represent a health risk for humans in contact with clinically healthy Van cats. M. canis was not isolated from any of the specimens. Our results show no significant (p>0.05) association between carriage of dermatophytes and the gender of cats. The carriage rate of dermatophytes was high in spring and winter, and the only possible risk factor for infection was age of the animal. (C) 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
Determination of Mic Values of Various Antimicrobial Agents and Presence of Resistance Genes in Pasteurella Multocida Strains Isolated From Bovine
(Kafkas Univ, veteriner Fakultesi dergisi, 2021) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Gurturk, Kemal; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ozturk, Cihat
Pasteurella multocida is an important bacterium that can cause respiratory infections in cattle. Due to the usage of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of the disease frequently, it is critical to follow the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. In this study, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of various antimicrobial agents and presence of genes related to resistance were investigated in 59 P. multocida strains isolated from the respiratory tract of cattle. According to MIC values determined by E-test, all of the isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, but resistant to cefoxitin. In addition, high resistance to ampicillin (88.14%), tilmicosin (64.41%), clindamycin (83.05%) and streptomycin (59.32%) were observed in the isolates. When the resistance genes were examined by PCR, it was determined that blaROB-1, tet H, sul II, str A/aphA 1 and erm 42 genes could play an important role in penicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprime, aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance, respectively. It was concluded that the usage of ampicillin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprime, macrolide and aminoglycosides should be considered for the treatment of respiratory tract infections caused by P. multocida in cattle. Also, it was determined that antimicrobial resistance genes could play an important role in the development of resistance in P. multocida.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Umbilical Cord-Derived Tetanus in Neonatal Calves
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2017) Altug, Nuri; Yuksek, Nazmi; Karasu, Abdullah; Ilhan, Fatma; Ceylan, Ebubekir; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Arslan, Sezai
In this study, umbilical cord-derived neonatal tetanus in calves was identified in Turkey. Four calves with tetanus-specific history and clinical findings were used. Blood samples were taken before and after treatment, and clinical findings were recorded. A tetanus-specific treatment procedure was performed. However, the calves died from not responding to treatment. Pretreatment white blood cell, peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined to be high. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, CK, and LDH activities were found to increase after treatment compared to before treatment. Gram-positive terminal spore-forming bacilli were observed in bacterioscopic examination of the necrotic tissue and swab samples from the umbilical cord region. The umbilical cord region was determined to be infected in all calves. In histopathological examination, pyogranuloma formation was observed in the wound area, and in Gram staining agents morphologically concordant with Clostridium tetani in necrotic material were observed. Blood serum of the calves was inoculated into mice. All mice died within 2 days after the inoculation, showing tetanus-specific clinical findings. As a result, bacterioscopy and histopathology of the umbilical cord region may be useful for diagnosis in addition to clinical findings. Mice trials may be used in confirming the diagnosis.
Hypericum Perforatum L. (St. John's Wort) in Broilers Diet Improve Growth Performance, Intestinal Microflora and Immunity
(Elsevier, 2024) Ilhan, Ziya; Zengin, Muhittin; Bacaksiz, Oguz Koray; Demir, Erguen; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Azman, Mehmet Ali
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort) extract (HPE), powdered H. perforatum (PHP), and selenium (Se) on growth, intestinal flora, and immunity of broiler chicks were investigated. In total, 504 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into 6 dietary treatments, which were then denoted as negative control (NC) group (basal diet), containing organic Se 0.2% in the starter and grower period as positive control (PC), containing 1% PHP in the starter and grower period, and HPE I, HPE II, and HPE III groups containing respectively, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 mL / kg HPE in the starter and grower period. The results on performance showed that a significant (P < 0.05) higher body weight of chickens in the HPE III group was observed when compared with that of the NC and PHP groups. Although average daily weight gain and feed intake are significant in the HPE III group, the difference in terms of total feed conversion rate was insignificant (P > 0.05). The liver weights in PC and HPE III were lower compared to HPE I (P < 0.05). The difference in total lactic acid bacteria count (TLABC) between the NC group and all HPE groups was found to be significant (P < 0.05), in addition to TLABC was higher in the HPE III group than other groups (P = 0.001). The highest serum antibody titers to the Newcastle disease vaccine were determined in the HPE III group on the 24th, 35th, and 42nd days of age. IL-1B and IL-6 were found to be insignificant between the groups in chickens (P > 0.05). TNF-alpha in the HPE III group was greatly increased than the other groups and significant compared to the NC and HPE I groups (P = 0.018). In conclusion, 4.5 mL / kg HPE, which has a low production cost and is easy to extract and without causing environmental problems, varied significantly in their impact on growth performance, intestinal microflora, and immunity of growing broilers.
In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Brucella Melitensis Isolates From Sheep in an Area Endemic for Human Brucellosis in Turkey
(Japan Soc vet Sci, 2013) Ilhan, Ziya; Solmaz, Hasan; Ekin, Ismail Hakki
The aim of this study was to assess in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Brucella melitensis isolates isolated from naturally infected sheep cases in an area where human brucellosis is endemic, focusing on rifampin (RIF), streptomycin (SM), ciprofioxacin (CPFX), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), gentamicin (GM) and tetracycline (TC) and on 11 other antimicrobials. The identification and typing of Brucella isolates were carried out using standard classification tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on Mueller-Hilton agar. The resistance to SM, CPFX and GM was determined at the rate of 7.3% and to RIF at the rate of 9.7%. The highest (46.3%) resistance was determined against TMP/SMZ. All strains were found to be sensitive to TC at the rate of 100.0%. In conclusion, ovine origin B. melitensis strains evaluated in this study were resistant to at least one antimicrobial (51.2%) that is commonly used in human clinical medicine against brucellosis.
Influence of Lycopene Administration on Neopterin, Myeloperoxidase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase in Diabetic Rats
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2018) Komuroglu, Ahmet Ufuk; Yur, Fatmagul; Ekin, Ismail Hakki
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the influence of lycopene administration on serum Neopterin (NEO), Myeleperoxidase (MPO) and Gamma glutamil tramsferase (GGT) activity in rats with experimentally induced diabetes. Male Wistar-Albino rats aged 7-8 weeks and weighing 250-300 gr were used in the study. Rats were randomly allocated to four groups as control, lycopene, diabetes and diabetes -lycopene with 7 rats in each. 45 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) prepared in cold citrate buffer was applied via intraperitoneal route in order to induce experimental diabetes. Lycopene was prepared in corn oil and administered via peroral route through gavage in the dose of 10 mg/kg daily in lycopene and DL groups. Blood samples were taken into serum tubes from the hearts of the rats under general anesthesia at the end of 28 days of test period. Blood samples were centrifuged and serum was obtained. Neopterin, MPO and GGT activities were determined in serum samples. The lowest neopterin level was detected in control group (p<0.001). The highest neopterin level was obtained in diabetes group, neopterin level of lycopene group was lower than that of diabetes group however a statistically significant difefrence was not detected. Neopterin level of DL group was found lower than that of diabetes and lycopene groups and this decrease was statistically significant (p<0.001). MPO level was found the lowest in diabetes group compared to other groups (p<0.001). MPO level of control group was found statistically significantly higher than that of lycopene and DL group (p<0.001). No statistically significant difference was observed between groups with regard to CRP levels. GGT activity was the highest in diabetes group and the lowest in DL group (p<0.001). In conclusion, inflammation markers, neopterin and GGT were low in the groups which received lycopene. These findings suggest that lycopene may be useful for prevention of the complications of diabetes and related inflammation.
Investigation of Selected Bacterial Agents Causing Sheep Abortion in the Van Province by Rt-Pcr and Histopathological Methods
(veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2023) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Ozturk, Cihat; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ilhan, Ziya; Ilhan, Fatma
Abortion causes significant economic losses in the sheep industry. Determination of the aetiology is important in dealing with abortions. The present study was aimed to identify selected important bacterial pathogens in the abortion cases of sheep. A total of 113 samples (105 aborted sheep foetuses, 4 placentas, and 4 vaginal swab samples) from 85 different sheep flocks were examined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) regarding Chlamydia (C.) spp., C. abortus, Brucella (B.) spp., B. melitensis, Salmonella (S.) spp., S. Abortusovis, Coxiella (C.) burnetii, Listeria (L.) spp., L. monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. All cases that were found to be positive for bacterial agents by RT-PCR, were examined pathologically. Tissue samples of foetuses that were found to be positive for B. melitensis and L. monocytogenes by RT-PCR were also investigated immunohistochemically. A total of 35 (30.9%) samples were found to be positive by RT-PCR, with 15 (42.8%), 9 (25.7%), 5 (14.2%), 4 (11.4%), 1 (2.8%), and 1 (2.8%) of them being identified as C. abortus, B. melitensis, S. Abortusovis, C. burnetii, L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp., respectively. The presence of the antigen was confirmed also immunohistochemically in the cases with B. melitensis and L. monocytogenes. As a consequence, C. abortus was found to cause the highest rate of sheep abortion cases, which should be taken into account when implementing control measures in epidemiological investigations.
Investigation of the Correlation Between Elisa and Serum Amyloid a in the Diagnosis of Bordetella Bronchiseptica in Dogs
(Wiley, 2025) Akar, Kadir; Golen, Gokcenur Sanioglu; Ekin, Ismail Hakki
BackgroundBordetella bronchiseptica is an essential bacterial pathogen characterized by chronic respiratory disease in dogs known as Kennel cough. The presence of causative antibodies in animals can also be detected by lipopolysaccharide antigen-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In recent years, it has been determined that there is a significant relationship between acute phase proteins and diseases, and disease follow-up can be done within the framework of this relationship.MethodsIn this study, blood sera from 150 dogs in an animal shelter in Van province were evaluated for B. bronchiseptica by the homemade ELISA method, and their correlations with serum amyloid A (SAA) were investigated. Blood serum samples were analysed for antibodies against B. bronchiseptica using a homemade ELISA method. Positive animals were also molecularly confirmed using nasal swabs by PCR. A commercial ELISA kit determined SAA levels in blood sera.ResultsEighteen (12%) of the analysed blood serum samples were found positive by the homemade ELISA method. SAA concentrations in the positive blood sera were elevated from 12.7 to <= 38.98 mg/L. SAA concentrations in blood sera serologically positive for B. bronchiseptica were statistically significant.ConclusionsIn this study, in which the relationship between SAA concentration and B. bronchiseptica was investigated for the first time in Turkey, it was concluded that SAA concentration analysis may help diagnose and monitor the disease. In addition, the presence and prevalence of this critical and zoonotic agent causing chronic respiratory tract disease in dogs in Van province was revealed for the first time in this study.
The Investigation of The Presence of Some Bacterial and Viral Agents in Pearl Mullet (Chalcalburnus Tarichii, Pallas 1811) by Real-Time Pcr and The Histopathological Examination
(Parlar Scientific Publications (p S P), 2018) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Ozturk, Cihat; Onalan, Sukru; Karapinar, Zeynep; Arabaci, Muhammed; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ilhan, Fatma
The aim of this study was to identify some bacterial (Vibrio cholerae, Listonella anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria and Aeromonas caviae) and viral (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagical septicemia virus and infectious hematopoietic virus) pathogens by comparing the bacteriological culture and molecular methods with histopathological examination of various tissues seen in Pearl mullet from freshwater rivers inflowing to the Van lake. Accordingly, bacterial and viral agents were detected in a total of 180 pearl mullet samples by bacteriological culture and Real-Time PCR methods. The samples were collected from six different freshwater rivers that flows to Van lake by random sampling. In the study, Vibrio cholerae, Listonella anguillarum, Yersinia ruckeri, Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus, Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus and Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus could not be isolated. However, Aeromonas spp. was identified by bacteriological culture and Real Time PCR methods at 22.22% and 53.33% respectively. The most dominant species was observed to be Aeromonas hydrophila among all identified Aeromonas spp. In histopathological examinations of Aeromonas spp. positive samples, disorders were detected in gill, liver, spleen and kidney tissues. Telangiectasia, edema, hyperplasia and adhesions were observed on the seconder laminates of gills. In liver, the order of the Remak cords were disarranged, and degenerative changes formed in hepatocytes. Melano-macrophages loaded with hemosiderin were intensively detected in all Aeromonas positive samples. As a result, the risk of motile Aeromonas infections in the pearl mullet living in freshwaters flowing into the Van lake is still highly and this could lead to serious adverse effects on human health. To prevent these effects, attention must be paid to hygiene conditions and cold chain in fish served for consumption, the and rivers must be protected from pollution.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Macrolide-Lincosamide Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates From Bovine and Human
(Sciendo, 2023) Gulaydin, Ozgul; Gurturk, Kemal; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Ilhan, Ziya; Arabaci, Cigdem
In this study, penicillin, oxacillin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) resistance in S. aureus strains that were isolated from bovine mastitis cases, and human patients were investigated. Inducible clindamycin resistance (iML) was not found in 30 bovine isolates, while it was detected in 3 (10%) of 30 human isolates. MIC90 values of penicillin, oxacillin and macrolide-lincosamides (ML) were 2, 0.19, > 256 mu g/ml in bovine isolates and were 3, 3 and 0.19-1.5 mu g/ml in human isolates, respectively. Streptogramin resistance was not found in both bovine and human isolates. Although the mecA gene was detected in all of the oxacillin resistant isolates, blaZ gene could not be detected in penicillin resistant isolates. The erm(B) gene was detected in 5 (38.6%) of 13 ML-resistant bovine isolates, and the mph(C) gene was detected in 2 (66.66%) of 3 human isolates. As a result, resistance to penicillin and oxacillin was found to be higher in human S. aureus isolates, while ML resistance was found to be higher in bovine isolates in this investigation. It was concluded that the presence of genes in extra-chromosomal elements associated to penicillin and macrolide resistance should be investigated. The data obtained from this study will contribute to the studies on antimicrobial susceptibility in the field of human and veterinary medicine.
Virulence Factors of Enterococcus Faecium and Enterococcus Faecalis Strains Isolated From Humans and Pets
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2006) Gulhan, Timur; Aksakal, Abdulbaki; Ekin, Ismail Hakki; Savasan, Serap; Boynukara, Banur
The virulence factors of 146 Enterococcus faecium and 32 Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from faecal samples of humans, dogs, and cats were investigated. In total, 178 strains were examined by gelatinase (GeIE), aggregation substance (AS), cytolysin, and slide haemagglutination tests. The results of detected virulence factors of E. faecium and E. faecalis strains were: GeIE: 17.1% vs. 37.5%; AS: 13% vs. 12.5%; cytolysin: 7.5% vs. 12.5%; haemagglutination activities with rabbit erythrocytes: 9.6% vs. 9.4%; haemagglutination activities with human erythrocytes: 17.1 % vs. 21.9%, respectively.