Browsing by Author "Jawhar, Zanco Hassan"

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Analytical Techniques for the Quantification of Pravastatin and Its Metabolites in Various Matrices: A Comprehensive Review
(Wiley, 2026) Barzani, Hemn A. H.; Omer, Rebaz Anwar; Barzani, Khalamala Ibrahim Salih; Jawhar, Zanco Hassan; Sulaiman, Seerwan Hamadameen; Ali, Hoshyar Saadi
Pravastatin (PRV), a highly hydrophilic statin used to treat hypercholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular disease, presents certain analytical challenges due to its low bioavailability, tendency to lactonize, and potentially complex metabolism. This review aims to consolidate and critically evaluate the analytical procedures developed for the determination of PRV and its metabolites in pharmaceutical and biological matrices. This review aims to comprehensively summarize four decades of analytical methodologies developed for PRV and its metabolites, comparing chromatographic, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and capillary electrophoresis approaches in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and matrix applicability. This review also evaluates essential bioanalytical nuances, including PRV's lactone-acid interconversion, matrix-induced ion suppression, pH-dependent instability, low ng-pgmL(-1) plasma levels, and metabolite-specific detection challenges alongside pharmaceutical analytical considerations. The literature demonstrates that liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography remain the most sensitive and reliable platforms for ultratrace bioanalysis, while spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods provide cost-effective alternatives for formulations and higher concentration samples, and capillary electrophoresis offers efficient separation with low solvent use. Future analytical advances should prioritize metabolite-resolved quantification, green extraction strategies, microfluidic and point-of-care designs, and AI-assisted data processing to improve sensitivity, stability assessment, and high-throughput monitoring of PRV in clinical and environmental settings.
Comprehensive Review of Analytical Approaches for Vinblastine and Vincristine in Cancer Research
(Wiley, 2026) Barzani, Hemn A. H.; Omer, Rebaz Anwar; Barzani, Khalamala Ibrahim Salih; Jawhar, Zanco Hassan; Sulaiman, Seerwan Hamadameen; Ali, Hoshyar Saadi
Vinblastine (VBL) and vincristine (VCR) are vinca alkaloids derived from Catharanthus roseus and are among the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for treating hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Due to their narrow therapeutic index and complex structural nature, accurate, sensitive, and selective analytical methods are crucial for quantifying these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, biological matrices, and environmental samples. This review provides a comprehensive overview of reported analytical techniques for VBL and VCR, drawing on major databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with a focus on the English-language literature. The discussed methods include chromatographic, spectroscopic, electroanalytical, and capillary electrophoretic techniques. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), particularly when coupled with LC-MS/MS, offers exceptional sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 0.025 ng/mL in plasma. Conventional HPLC-UV methods, though less sensitive, remain widely applied in plant extract analysis. Electroanalytical approaches, such as voltammetry using nanomaterial-modified electrodes, offer eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives with detection limits as low as 0.3 nM. Key analytical considerations include light sensitivity, pH and temperature control, and matrix interferences. Overall, recent methodological advancements enable reliable quantification of VBL and VCR, supporting safer clinical application, toxicity monitoring, and environmental surveillance.