Browsing by Author "Küçük, MM"

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Delignification of Biomass Using Alkaline Glycerol
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2005) Küçük, MM
Ailanthus altissima and Spruce orientalis chips were delignified by using glycerol as a solvent and alkaline-gliycerol with and without catalyst at different temperatures (438, 458, 478, and 498 K) in atmospheric pressure, and results were compared with the other organic solvent systems.
Kinetic Study on Hydrolysis of Biomass (Ailanthus Altissima Chips) by Using Alkaline-Glycerol Solution
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 1999) Küçük, MM; Demirbas, A
This paper is about the kinetics of hydrolysis of biomass (Ailanthus altissima) using an aqueous alkaline-glycerol solution. The study was performed at four temperature levels (438, 458, 478 and 498 K) and for different times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours). The solution concentration was constant (75 g glycerol, 25.0 g water, 10% NaOH and 10.0 g wood chips). After conversion has been determined, the fractional weight loss (-1/W-0 dW/dt) was found to be a function of the amount of wood residue (f(W)) and the reaction rate constant (k). The order of reaction (n) and activation energy (E-a) were calculated. The results were, respectively, 1.32 x 10(-2) s(-1), 1.16, and 19.5 kJ mol(-1) (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Liquefaction of Biomass by Supercritical Gas Extraction
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2001) Küçük, MM
Verbascum and sunflower stalks mill were converted to liquid products by using organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) with catalysts (% 10 NaOH) and without catalysts in an autoclave at temperatures of 533 and 573 K for verbascum and 523 and 563 K for sunflower The liquid products were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (benzene and diethyl ether). The yields from supercritical methanol, ethanol, and acetone conversions were 44.4. 43.3, and 60.5 (at 573 K for verbascum stalk) and 40.0, 45.6 and 47.8% (at 563 K for sunflower stalk), respectively. In the catalytic runs with methanol and ethanol. extracts were 52.4 and 44.8 (at 553 K for verbascum stalk) and 58.5 and 54.2% (at 563 K for sunflower stalk), respectively.
Liquefaction of Prangmites Australis by Supercritical Gas Extraction
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 1999) Küçük, MM; Agirtas, S
Prangmites australis Mill was converted to liquid products by using organic solvents (methanol and ethanol) with catalyst (10% NaOH) and without catalyst in an autoclave at temperatures of 523 and 563 K. The liquid products were extracted by liquid-liquid ex-traction (benzene and diethyl ether). The yields from supercritical methanol and ethanol coversions were 38.7 and 53.6%, respectively, at 563 K. In the catalytic runs with methanol and ethanol the extracts were 44.2 and 57.6%, respectively, at 563 K. The yields from supercritical methanol were increased from 373 to 44.2% as the temperature was increased from 523 to 563 K in the catalytic run. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Liquid Products From Verbascum Stalk by Supercritical Fluid Extraction
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2001) Cemek, M; Küçük, MM
Verbascum stalk mill was converted to liquid products by using organic solvents, such as methanol, ethanol and acetone, with catalysts (10% NaOH or ZnCl2) and without catalyst in an autoclave at temperatures of 533, 553 and 573 K. The liquid products were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction using benzene and diethyl ether. The yields from supercritical methanol, ethanol and acetone extractions were 44.4, 43.3 and 60.5 wt%, respectively, at 573 K. In the catalytic runs with methanol and ethanol, the extracts were 52.4 and 44.8% using 10% NaOH and 55.5 and 60.6% using ZnCl2, respectively, at 573 K. The yields from supercritical methanol increased from 38.2 to 52.4% as the temperature was increased from 533 to 573 K in the catalytic run. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Reed (Thypa)
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2005) Küçük, MM; Demir, H; Genel, Y
Reed (typha) mill was converted to liquid products by using organic solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetone) with catalysts (% 10 NaOH and ZnCl2) and without catalyst in an autoclave at temperatures of 533, 553, and 573 K. The liquid products were extracted by liquid-liquid extractio[DSA 1]n (benzene and diethyl ether). The yields from supercritical methanol, ethanol and acetone conversions were 362, 24.5, and 55.1 %, respectively, at 573 K. In the catalytic runs with methanol and ethanol extracts were 463 and 35.5% (for NaOH catalyst) and 51.8 and 38.5% (for ZnCl2 catalyst) respectively, at 573 K. The yields from supercritical methanol were increased from 38.2 to 52.4% as the temperature was increased from 533 to 573 K in the catalytic run.