Liquefaction of Biomass by Supercritical Gas Extraction

Abstract

Verbascum and sunflower stalks mill were converted to liquid products by using organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, and acetone) with catalysts (% 10 NaOH) and without catalysts in an autoclave at temperatures of 533 and 573 K for verbascum and 523 and 563 K for sunflower The liquid products were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction (benzene and diethyl ether). The yields from supercritical methanol, ethanol, and acetone conversions were 44.4. 43.3, and 60.5 (at 573 K for verbascum stalk) and 40.0, 45.6 and 47.8% (at 563 K for sunflower stalk), respectively. In the catalytic runs with methanol and ethanol. extracts were 52.4 and 44.8 (at 553 K for verbascum stalk) and 58.5 and 54.2% (at 563 K for sunflower stalk), respectively.