Browsing by Author "Kara, Mikail"

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A Reserach on the Effects of Different Doses of Streptozotocin on the Prosthesis Stroma-Paranchyma Ratio Nerve of Rat by Sterological Methods
(2013) Erdem, Seda; Kara, Mikail
Bu çalışma; farklı dozlarda uygulanan streptozotosin (STZ)'in sıçan prostat stroma ve parankim doku üzerine etkilerinin streolojik metodlarla araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 3-4 aylık, erişkin, ortalama 250 gr ağırlığında 20 adet erkek sıçan kullanıldı. Her grupta 5'er adet sıçan olmak üzere toplam 4 grup oluşturuldu. Deneyden önce grupların ağırlıkları ve kan glikoz değerleri ile deneyden sonra kan glikoz değerleri ve haftada bir olmak üzere dört hafta ağırlıkları ölçüldü. STZ 45mg/kg ve 65mg/kg intraperitonal olarak uygulanıp diyabet oluşturuldu. Toplam dört hafta olan deney süresinin sonunda kontrol ve denek gruplarına ait tüm denekler, ketalar 50 mg/kg anestezisi altında açılarak perfüzyon uygulandı. Prostatın ışık mikroskobik incelemeleri için uygun takipleri yapıldı. Hacim için masson trikrom boyası uygulanan kesitler, ışık mikroskobu kullanılarak görüntüleri kaydedildi. Prostat dokusunun total hacmi için Cavalieri Prensibi kullanılarak her bir grup için ayrı hesaplandı. Elde edilen veriler istatiksel analizler için Kruksal Wallis, Tukey çoklu testleri kullanıldı. Alınan kesitlerde stroma-parankim volüm oranı, bileşik alan ölçüm cetveliyle ölçüldü. Stereolojik inceleme sonucu Serum Fizyolojik grubu ve kontrol grubunda parankim doku %56 bağ doku %44, denek grubunda ise parankim doku %55 bağ doku ise %45 bulundu. Sonuç olarak farklı dozlarda uygulanan streptozotosinin denek ve kontrol grubunda sıçan prostat stroma-parankim oranına etkisinin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olduğu (P<0.05) gözlendi.Anahtar Kelimeler: Prostat, diyabet, sıçan, stereoloji, streptozotosin
The Acute Effects of Thymoquinone on Acute Peripheral Nerve Injury: an Experimental Study
(Turkish Assoc Trauma Emergency Surgery, 2016) Gulsen, Ismail; Ak, Hakan; Kara, Mikail; Gokalp, Abdulsemat; Akyol, Veysel; Kocak, Omer Faruk; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of thymoquinone (TQ) on acute nerve injury. METHODS: A rat model of crush injury of the sciatic nerve was used. Animals were divided into 3 groups: control, trauma, and TQ treatment groups (n=6 per group). Seven days after injury, sciatic nerve specimens were obtained from the site of the injury and analyzed histologically and stereologically. Axon diameter, myelin thickness, and axon density were measured. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in axon diameter, myelin thickness, or axon density among groups. CONCLUSION: TQ has no acute therapeutic effect on acute nerve injury.
An Investigation of the Effects of Prenatally Applied Diclofenac Sodium on the Prostate Stroma?parenchyma Ratio in Rats: a Stereological Study
(2010) Kara, Mikail; Rağbetli, Murat Çetin
Gebelikte, diklofenak sodyum gebeliğin ve doğumun uzamasına ve özellikle plasentabariyerinden geçtiği için fetüse etki etmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı diklofenak sodyumuygulanmış gebe sıçanlardan elde edilen 20 haftalık erişkin erkek sıçanların prostatmorfometrisinde stroma-parankim oranındaki değişikliklerin stereolojik metotlarlaaraştırılmasıdır.Sıçanlar bir gece boyunca çiftleşmeye bırakıldı. Çiftleşmenin ertesi günü vaginal plakgözlenen dişi sıçanlar, gebeliğin sıfırıncı (0.) günü olarak kabul edildi. Hayvanlar normal ışıkve karanlık siklusu ile 21 ±2 °C normal diyetle takibe alındı. Denek ve kontrol grubunaenjeksiyon gebeliğin beşinci gününde başlandı, 15 gün süreyle uygulandı. Postnatal 28. günde(3?4 hafta arası) yavruların erkek ve dişileri ayrılarak farklı kafese alındı. Çalışmamızdadenek, sham ve kontrol gruplarında altışar adet erkek vistar albino cinsi toplam 18 adet sıçankullanılmıştır. Gruplar 20 haftalık olunca derin anestezi altında perfüzyona alınarak prostattek parça olarak çıkarıldı, rutin histolojik takip metotlarından sonra parafine gömüldü.Dokulardan belirli aralıklarla 5 mikron kalınlığında kesitler alındı. İlk kesit rastgele seçildi,her 195. kesit çifti alındı. Kesitler; hematoksilen-eozin (HE) ve Masson trikrom ile boyandı.Stereolojik metotlardan Cavalieri prensibinin modifiye metodu kullanıldı. Alınan kesitlerdestroma-parankim volüm oranı, bileşik alan ölçüm cetveliyle ölçüldü. Stereolojik incelemesonucu sham grubu ve kontrol grubunda asiner doku %55 bağ doku %45, denek grubunda iseasiner doku %60 bağ doku ise %40 bulundu.Sonuç olarak gebelikte uygulanan diklofenak sodyumun postnatal 20 haftalık denekve kontrol grubunda sıçan prostat stroma?parankim oranına etkisinin istatistiksel açıdananlamlı olmadığı (P>0.05) gözlendi.Anahtar Sözcükler: Asiner doku, bağ doku, diklofenak sodyum, gebelik, prostat,stereoloji
Effects of Diclofenac Sodium on the Rat Liver in Postnatal Period
(Medwell online, 2009) Ragbetli, Cennet; Aydinlioglu, Atif; Kara, Mikail; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Ilhan, Fatma
Diclofenac Sodium (DS) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in painful conditions, trauma, dysmenorrhoea, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease and ankylosing spondylitis. There is the paucity of the research investigating DS effect on the rat liver in the fetal period. The present study aimed to investigate the possible postnatal effects of DS on the liver tissues of the offspring of rats. DS was administered to pregnant rats for 15 days from the 5th-20th day of pregnancy. After mating day, pregnant female rats were separated into the control and DS treated groups. DS (1 mg kg(-1) daily) was injected intraperitoneally to the drug-treated group and physiological saline (1 mL kg(-1)) to the control group. Liver tissues were collected from pups at the 20th week and paraffin sections were dyed with hematoxylen-eosin. DS caused proliferation of bile ducts, enlargement of periportal area, dilatation of sinusoids and the central vein, parenchymal degeneration and mononuclear cell infiltration. Significant changes between the control and the treated groups were found (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the sexes in both groups. This study using DS with low dose did not show parenchymal cell death, as a different finding from the previous studies. However, these observations need to be confirmed by further studies using different doses of DS during pregnancy.
Effects of Prenatally Exposed Diclofenac Sodium on Rat Heart Tissue: a Stereological and Histological Study
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2015) Gevrek, Fikret; Kara, Mikail; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Aslan, Huseyin
Background/aim: Diclofenac sodium (DS) can cross the placental barrier and affect the fetus, and its consumption during pregnancy may cause developmental malformation of embryos. This study investigates the effect of prenatally applied DS on the quantitative morphology of the adult rat heart. Materials and methods: Pregnant rats were divided into three groups (control, sham, and test). The rats in the test group were injected with DS; the control group received physiological saline (1 mL; 1 mg/kg, i.m.) from the 5th to the 20th day of pregnancy; and the rats in the sham group were not injected at all. At the 20th postnatal week, all the offspring were euthanized under deep anesthesia and tissue samples were obtained by perfusion fixation. After routine histological procedures, the paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined stereologically and histologically. Results: The volume of the cardiac ventricle wall of each offspring rat was estimated using Cavalieri's principle. The volume of the ventricle walls of the test group was found to be significantly less than that of the controls. Conclusion: Further studies are required to determine how DS has this effect, by reducing the number of myocytes and decreasing the size of these cells affecting the connective tissue.
Effects of Resveratrol on Acute Sciatic Nerve Injury in a Rat Model
(Journal Neurological Sciences, 2015) Ak, Hakan; Gulsen, Ismail; Kara, Mikail; Atalay, Tugay; Akyol, Veysel; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin
Aim: This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of resveratrol (RVT), a naturally occurring polyphenol, during the management of acute nerve injury in a rat model. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 rats were divided into trauma, control and low-and high-dose RVT groups (all n = 7). In all three non-control groups, trauma was induced by a medium-pressure aneurysm clip, applied to the sciatic nerve for 30 s. After trauma, the animals were treated with RVT for 7 days, after which nerve tissue samples were obtained from the site of injury for use in histological and stereological analyses. Results: There was a significant group difference in myelin thickness. At 50 mg/kg, RVT treatment was associated with increased myelin thickness, but a decrease was observed at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: RVT has a beneficial effect on acute crush injury of the sciatic nerve at a dose of 50 mg/kg.
Enhanced G2/M Arrest, Caspase Related Apoptosis and Reduced E-Cadherin Dependent Intercellular Adhesion by Trabectedin in Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
(Public Library Science, 2015) Acikgoz, Eda; Guven, Ummu; Duzagac, Fahriye; Uslu, Ruchan; Kara, Mikail; Soner, Burak Cem; Oktem, Gulperi
Trabectedin (Yondelis, ET-743) is a marine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid. It is originally derived from the Caribbean marine tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata and currently produced synthetically. Trabectedin is active against a variety of tumor cell lines growing in culture. The present study focused on the effect of trabectedin in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and spheroid formation in prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cluster of differentiation (CD) 133(+high)/CD44(+high) prostate CSCs were isolated from the DU145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line through flow cytometry. We studied the growth-inhibitory effects of trabectedin and its molecular mechanisms on human prostate CSCs and non-CSCs. DU-145 and PC-3 CSCs were treated with 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 nM trabectedin for 24, 48 and 72 h and the growth inhibition rates were examined using the sphere-forming assay. Annexin-V assay and immunofluorescence analyses were performed for the detection of the cell death. Concentration-dependent effects of trabectedin on the cell cycle were also evaluated. The cells were exposed to the different doses of trabectedin for 24, 48 and 72 h to evaluate the effect of trabectedin on the number and diameter of spheroids. According to the results, trabectedin induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis at the IC50 dose, resulting in a significant increase expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, p53 and decrease expression of bcl-2 in dose-dependentmanner. Cell cycle analyses revealed that trabectedin induces dose-dependent G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest, particularly at high-dose treatments. Three-dimensional culture studies showed that trabectedin reduced the number and diameter of spheroids of DU145 and PC3 CSCs. Furthermore, we have found that trabectedin disrupted cell-cell interactions via E-cadherin in prostasphere of DU-145 and PC-3 CSCs. Our results showed that trabectedin inhibits cellular proliferation and accelerates apoptotic events in prostate CSCs; and may be a potential effective therapeutic agent against prostate cancer.
A Histological Investigation Concerning the Effects of Diclofenac Sodium To the Lung in 4-And 20-Week Rats Treated Prenatally
(informa Healthcare, 2011) Ragbetli, Cennet; Ilhan, Fatma; Aydinlioglu, Atif; Kara, Mikail; Ragbetli, Murat C.
Objective. We aimed to investigate the possible postnatal effects on the lung tissues of the rat offspring treated with diclofenac sodium (DS) during pregnancy. Methods. After mating, pregnant female rats were separated into the control (n = 10) and DS (n = 10) groups. DS (1 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) to the drug-treated group for the period of gestational days 5-19. Physiological saline (1 ml, i.p.) was given to the control groups. After birth, pups were separated into DS treatment groups (n=24) and control group (n=24). The DS and control group animals were anaesthetised with i.p. injection of urethane and their lungs were removed to prepare for histopathological evaluation. Results. Histological examination of the lung tissues of the 4- and 20-week-old rats revealed no significant differences between males and females in both the control and DS treated rats. Conclusion. Because of the use of DS in the pregnant women further studies are needed in this field.
Prenatal Exposure To Low-Dose Diclofenac Sodium Does Not Affect Total Neuron Numbers in Spinal Segment T13 in Rats
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Kara, Mikail; Colcimen, Nese; Koyun, Necat; Cakmak, Gamze; Akyol, Veysel; Yurt, Klymet Kubra
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the total number of neurons in segment T13 of the spinal cord of offspring of pregnant rats using stereological methods. Eighteen adult female Wistar albino rats weighing 150-200 g were used. Pregnant female rats were divided into three groups; a control group, a sham group and a DS (1 mg/kg, intramuscular) exposed group. The DS and sham groups received injection from the 5th day of gestation to the 19th. Twenty eight days after birth, the offspring rats were perfused with 4% buffered formalin. T13, which is one of transverse spinal cord segments, were isolated and processed for routine paraffin histology. 5 mu m sections were obtained using a rotary microtome according to systematic random sampling strategies. Every 40th section was taken and sections were stained with modified Giemsa. All types of motor neuron cell were identified according to their morphology. In this study, the "disector-Cavalieri combination" method was used in the stereological examination of neurons. The motor neurons were counted in the right gray matter of the ventral horn in the spinal cord segment. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparison the groups. In terms of motoneuron number, no significant difference among the groups was found (p > 0.05). In conclusion, our results indicated that prenatal exposure to DS has no effect on the total number of motor neuron of the offspring rats. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Stereological Study on Determination of Ventricular Wall Volume of the Heart in Female and Male Quails
(2023) Çakmak, Gamze; Rağbetli, Murat Çetin; Kara, Mikail; Soygüder, Zafer; Karadağ, Hüseyin; Akyol, Veysel
In this study, ventricular wall volume of female and male quails was investigated stereologically. Six females and six males quails were used in this study. All of the animals were perfused. After the per- fusion, the quails were kept in 10% formaldehyde solution. Afterwards, chests of quails were cut and their hearts were resected. Ventricles of the hearts were separated. Specific ratio of tissue samples was obtained from each ventricle. The 5-μm thick samples were cut by using a microtome. Sequenti- ally, 10 sections were obtained. These sections were stained by hematoxylin eosin and photographed. Volumes of wall of the ventricles were estimated by using the Cavalieri’s Principle. In this study, the volume values of ventricular walls of female and male quails were compared. Some differences were found between these values. The volume values of ventricular walls of six female quails were com- pared with each other. While the lowest volume value was 0.398 cm³, the highest volume value was 0.612 cm³. The volume values of the male quails were between 0.438 cm³-0.817 cm³. It was found that volume values of ventricular walls of male quails were higher than volume values of ventricular walls of female quails. As a result, although there was a specific distinction between volume values of ventricular walls of female and male quails. There was no difference between statistic values (P>0.05). It was thought that this study will be guiding for other related studies.
Timokinonun Akut Periferik Sinir Hasarı Üzerine Akut Etkisi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma
(2016) Ak, Hakan; Gulsen, İsmail; Koçak, Ömer Faruk; Gökalp, Abdülsemat; Akyol, Veysel; Rağbetli, Murat Çetin; Kara, Mikail
AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı akut sinir hasarında timokinonun akut dönem etkilerini değerlendirmektir.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışma sıçan sinirinde siyatik sinirde ezilme modeli geliştirilerek yapıldı. Sıçanlar kontrol, travma ve timokinon tedavi grubuolmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı (n=6). Sinir hasarından yedi gün sonra hasar yerinden siyatik sinir doku örnekleri alındı. Bu doku örneklerinde histolojikve steryolojik çalışma yapıldı. Akson çapı, myelin kalınlığı ve akson yoğunluk ölçümleri yapıldı.BULGULAR: Gruplar arasında akson çapı, miyelin kalınlığı ve akson yoğunluğu bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık görülmedi.TARTIŞMA: Timokinon akut sinir hasarı üzerinde akut dönemde iyileştirici etkiye sahip değildir.
Tissue Damage in Kidney, Adrenal Glands and Diaphragm Following Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy
(Sage Publications inc, 2014) Gecit, Ilhan; Kavak, Servet; Oguz, Elif Kaval; Pirincci, Necip; Gunes, Mustafa; Kara, Mikail; Tanik, Serhat
This study was designed to investigate whether exposure to short-term extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) produces histologic changes or induces apoptosis in the kidney, adrenal glands or diaphragm muscle in rats. The effect of shock waves on the kidney of male Wistar rats (n = 12) was investigated in an experimental setting using a special ESWL device. Animals were killed at 72 h after the last ESWL, and the tissues were stained with an in situ Cell Death Detection Kit, Fluorescein. Microscopic examination was performed by fluorescent microscopy. Apoptotic cell deaths in the renal tissue were not observed in the control group under fluorescent microscopy. In the ESWL group, local apoptotic changes were observed in the kidney in the area where the shock wave was focused. The apoptotic cell deaths observed in the adrenal gland of the control group were similar to those observed in the ESWL groups, and apoptosis was occasionally observed around the capsular structure. Apoptotic cell deaths in the diaphragm muscle were infrequently observed in the control group. Apoptosis in the ESWL group was limited to the mesothelial cells. This study demonstrated that serious kidney, adrenal gland and diaphragm muscles damage occurred following ESWL, which necessitated the removal of the organ in the rat model. It is recognized that the ESWL complications related to the kidney, adrenal gland and diaphragm muscles are rare and may be managed conservatively.