Browsing by Author "Kul, A.R."
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Article Adsorption Equilibrium and Thermodynamics of Diatomite (çaldiran/Van) Onsome Textile Dyes(Chemical Society of Pakistan, 2018) Alkan, S.; Calişkan, M.; Irende, İ.; Kul, A.R.Together with increasing world population, developing technology and rapid industrialization process bring about environmental pollution. Nowadays, cleaning environment from industrial wastes and pollutants is of utmost importance. Some organic materials, produced by the majority of textile waste, cause environmental pollution. Many dyestuffs, which are hazardous for environment, can be released to environment by industrial organizations without having any precaution. Textile dyestuffs, being above certain concentrations, can cause poisoning of aquatic organisms. Dyestuffs can be classified as following: Anionic: Direct, acid and reactive dyes Cationic: Basic dyes Nonionic: Disperse dyes It can be said that most problematic group of dyes used in the textile industry is the group of reactive dyes. Analyzing performed studies shows that these views are supported. Today, adsorption techniques are gaining ground due to efficiency in removal of too stable pollutants. Adsorption is, economically, a reasonable method and we can say that it provides formation of high quality products. With the development of industry search for materials, to be used as adsorbent for removal of factory wastes and water-soluable dyestuffs from water, accelerates. In our study, from natural adsorbents diatomite(Çaldıran/VAN) is used as an adsorbent material. The removal of natural red and basic blue from aqueous solution using diatomite, was investigated with respect to the adsorbent dose (0,02 g), initial concentration (20-140 mg/L), temperature (between 25 and 450C), on batch adsorption were studied as a function of contact time. The lineer Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption equations were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms. In addition, the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models were used to determine the kinetic data. The experimental data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as the enthalpy (ΔH0), Gibbs free energy (ΔG0) and entropy (ΔS0) shoved spontaneous and endothermic in nature of adsorption for both of adsorbents. Copyright © 2018 Chemical Society of Pakistan. All Rights Reserved.Article Adsorption of Acid Blue 25 on Peach Seed Powder: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies(Yildiz Technical University, 2019) Kul, A.R.; Aldemir, A.; Elik, H.In the present study peach seed powder (PSP) was used as an adsorbent to remove Acid Blue 25 (AB25) a common basic dye, from aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system and the effects of initial concentration, interaction time and temperature were investigated. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium data. The kinetic parameters were determined by the pseudo first order (PFO), pseudo second order (PSO) and intra-particle diffusion (IPD) models. According to the results, the Freundlich isotherm model is a more convenient option compared with the Langmuir and Temkin models. The Freundlich model coefficients increased as the temperature increased, which shows that the adsorption process becomes more favorable with higher temperature. The experimental and calculated qe values close to one another indicated that this process fits the PSO kinetic model with higher R2 values than the other two models. Kinetic constants become closer to both the temperatures and initial concentrations and qe values increases with the increasing concentration of AB25. The initial dye concentration increased from 25 to 150 mg L-1, while the dye adsorption capacity onto PSP increased from 4.80 to 39.01 mg g-1, from 5.57 to 44.27 mg g-1 and from 6.80 to 49.22 mg g-1 for 298, 308 and 323 K, respectively. The monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) of PSP was determined to be 56.18, 64.94, 95.24 mg g-1 for 298, 308 and 323 K, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters for free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) of the separation process were determined as -1737,1 J mol-1, 14.776 kJ mol-1 and 55,413 J mol-1, respectively. The negative values of ΔGo showed that this separation process was endothermic and natural. The results of the present study demonstrated that PSP can be used as an alternative material in dye removal. © 2023 Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking.Article Adsorption of Basic Blue 41 Using Juniperus Excelsa: Isotherm, Kinetics and Thermodynamics Studies(Yildiz Technical University, 2019) Kul, A.R.; Aldemir, A.; Alkan, S.; Elik, H.; Caliskan, M.In this study Juniperus excelsa shavings powder (JESP) was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of Basic Blue 41 (BB 41) which is one of the common basic dyes, from aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were carried out in a batch system and effects of initial concentration of dye, interaction time and temperature were investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were used to model equilibrium data. According to the results, Freundlich isotherm model becomes more convenient option compared with Langmuir and Temkin models. Freundlich model coefficients are raise as the temperature rises, showing that the adsorption process becomes favorable higher temperature. The kinetic parameters were determined by pseudo first order (PFO), pseudo second order (PSO) and intra-particle diffusion (IPD) models. Results indicated that experimental and calculated qe values are matched to each other. Thus the process fits PSO kinetic model with higher R2 values than other two models. Kinetic constants become closer to both temperatures and initial concentrations and qe values are increases with increasing concentration of BB 41. Initial dye concentration elevates from 25 to 100 mg L-1, dye adsorption capacity onto JESP from 3.06 to 16.53 mg g-1, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters for instance free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were assessed. Enthalpy and entropy of this separation process are determined from 3081.91 J mol-1 and 12.33 kJ mol-1, respectively. The negative values of ΔG° showed that this separation process was endothermic and natural. The research results demonstrate that JESP may be a substitute than pricey adsorbents for dye removal. © 2019 Yildiz Technical University. All rights reserved.Article Adsorption of Pb (Ii) Ions From Aqueous Solutions Onto Paliurus Spina-Christimill. Frutis and Seeds(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Savran, A.; Kul, A.R.; Kubilay, S.; Selcuk, N.C.In this study, Paliurus spina-christi Mill, frutis and seeds (PSCFS) was used as an adsorbent for Pb(II) ions removal from water solutions. The effect of various experimental parameters was investigated using a batch adsorption technique. In the adsorption experimental, temperature, contact time and concentrations effects upon Pb (II) ions on PSCFS were thoroughly examined at pH 5.2. Results show that a temperature value of 45 °C is favorable for the adsorption of Pb (II) ions. The isothermal data could be well described by the Freundlich equation. The kinetic data fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of PSCFS was found to be 14.97°1 mg g- 1 at 45 °C according to pseudo-second-order model data. Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea) and change in the free energy (AG°), the enthalpy (AH°), and the entropy (AS°) were also evaluated. The all adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The results indicate that PSCFS could be employed as low-cost materials for removal from water of Pb (II) ions. © by PSP.Article Computer Training Programs in Secondary Schools(Sakarya University, 2015) Bashirov, N.; Kul, A.R.; Alekberova, A.; Adigozelov, A.; Mustafayeva, J.In the twentieth century in which a new social order was created under the name of information society, all countries were poised to compete in an environment of digital race especially in educational fields coherent with the demands of contemporary times. In this study a draft of various programs needed for the use of computers in education and training was constituted. After this draft, such programs as Computerized Test Programs (CTP), Programs for Computerized Video Use (CVUP), Intelligent Educational Programs (IEP), Special Educational Utilities (SEU), Programs for Educational Games (EGP) and Simulation Programs (SP) together the objectives of these programs, their accurate use and their relationship with computers were briefly introduced. © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.Article Computerized Assessment of the Annual Grade Points of Secondary School Seventh Grade Students in the Course of Algebra(Sakarya University, 2016) Bashirov, N.; Kul, A.R.; Alekberova, A.; Adigozelov, A.Development of a computerized assessment program of the annual grade points of secondary school 7th grade students at Azerbaijan in the course of algebra was considered within the scope of this study. This computer program was developed in order to prevent the occurrence of iniquities during the calculation of year-end grade point averages of all students of all grades. The program was written in the programming language of Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. The questions presented to students by this computer program were selected from their Algebra 7 textbook which they had used along the year. By this computer program, questions from among the questions of algebra course -that would determine the knowledge level of 7th grade students- were selected and they were asked to students again within the program, and the annual grade point averages of students could be clearly calculated by high precision as per the provided answers. © The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.Erratum Corrigendum To "liquidus Surface Projection for the Cate-In Quasi-Ternary System(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Yagubov, N.I.; Aliyev, I.; Veliyev, C.A.; Kul, A.R.Article Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients With Cutaneous Anthrax(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2023) Binici, I.; Parlak, M.; Sunnetcioglu, M.; Baran, A.I.; Ceylan, M.R.; Kul, A.R.; Huyut, Z.The causative microorganism in anthrax is Bacillus anthracis and this disease is more common in some regions of Türkiye. Changes in trace elements other than iron in anthrax infection have not been studied. In this study, iron, copper, lead, zi nc, manganese, magnesium, cadmium and cobalt levels were investigated in cases with cutaneous anthrax. Fifteen patients with cutaneous anthrax and 15 healthy individuals wereincluded in the study. The groups were similar to each other in terms of age and gender. Anthrax was diagnosed according to contact status with animals, symptoms, examination, and microbiological results. We performed our study with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (UNICAM-929 spectrophotometer). Serum iron, lead, and cadmium levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects (p<0.05). Serum magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, and cobalt levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (p<0.05). The copper/zinc molar ratio was not significantly increased in the patients with cutaneous anthrax than in the control subjects. It has been reported that iron, cadmium, and lead levels are low and copper level is high in infectious diseases. But we determined the opposite situation in the patients with cutaneous anthrax. As a result, it can be said that the detection of high lead and cadmium levels in the cell in anthrax disease suppresses the immune system. Also, zinc can be used as a marker for this disease. © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.Article Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption Using Leucaena Leucocephala(Yildiz Technical University, 2021) Kul, A.R.; Aldemir, A.In recent years, great focused has been placed on the development of low-cost adsorbents to be used for applications regarding treatment of wastewater. In this study, Leucaena leucocephala peel (LLP) was used for adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The experiments were conducted at seven concentrations (15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 mg L-1) and three temperatures (298, 308, 318 K). The obtained data were applied to adsorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that Freundlich isotherm was more appropriate compared to Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. The kinetic results indicated that the process fitted pseudo second order model with higher R2 values compared to pseudo first order and intra-particle diffusion models. Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy values were calculated for 298 K as 2.776 kJ mol-1, 6.262 kJ mol-1 and 11.699 J mol-1, respectively. © Yildiz Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department. All rights reserved.Article Liquidus Surface Projection for the Cate-In Quasi-Ternary System(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Yagubov, N.I.; Aliyev, I.; Veliyev, C.; Kul, A.R.The CaTe-In-Te quasi-ternary system was studied by differential-thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and microstructure examination and also by microhardness and density measurements. Several polythermal and isothermal sections and the liquidus surface projection were constructed. Fourteen primary crystallization fields, including those of the ternary compounds CaInTe2and CaIn2Te4. In the quasi-ternary system CaTe-In-Te were found, and the types and coordinates of nonvariant and monovariant equilibriums were determined. The CaInTe2compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with the unit cell parameters: a = 9.87; b = 8.38; c = 11.48 Å, Z = 7, ρpic.= 4.95 × 10-3kg/m3; ρrent.= 5.04 × 10-3kg/m3and compound CaIn2Te4melts congruently at 1123 K and crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system with the cell parameters: a = 8.42; c = 7.14 Å, spatial group - 14/msm, ρpic.= 5.12 × 10-3kg/m3, ρrent.= 5.20 × 10-3kg/m3. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.