Browsing by Author "Najafi, S."

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Application of Allium Hirtifolium for the Selection Process in Architecture and Environmental Sciences
(Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia, 2022) Alp, S.; Mohammadi Fallah, A.; Najafi, S.
Contrary to the popular belief, green space is not just a plant-covered, tabulated area. It is a symbol of a community's cultural and social thinking. So, its scope does not include just parks. Plants are the most important environmental variables in the landscape architecture and green space. Given the numerous problems in the field of green space, it seems necessary to provide methods for selecting plants with a systemic and holistic perspective. The genus Allium is one of the largest world florae. This study analyzed the karyotype and chromosome structure in five populations of Allium hirtifolium in different parts of Van, Turkey. Pre-treatment, fixation, hydrolysis and staining were done using root meristem; then microscopic samples were elucidated. The results showed that in all studied cells of each population, the basic chromosome number was 2n=2x=16 and all of them were diploid and X=8. Karyotype analysis of each population. It was also separately conducted and several indices including length of the long arm, length of the short arm, length of satellites, total length of the chromosome, arm ratio and centromere index. The length of chromosomes in all populations was estimated as 12.53 – 18.64 micrometers. Chromosomes 6 and 8 contained a secondary constriction and satellite. Karyotype formula for these populations was seven metacentric one submetacentric. © 2022 Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Biotic and Abiotic Stress Conditions: Function and Management in Horticulture
(Elsevier, 2022) Demir, S.; Danesh, Y.R.; Boyno, G.; Najafi, S.
Rhizosphere can be defined as the dynamic microcosm between the plant, microorganisms, and soil components in a narrow region where the habitats of plant roots are formed. Mycorrhizal fungi, particularly arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, are known to promote plant development, increase plant nutrient absorption, promote plant resilience to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and improve soil structure, and members of the rhizosphere’s mutual microsymbiosis. As the ecological function of mycorrhizal symbiosis has become much better understood in recent years, this biodiversity and its evolution is no longer considered a black box but a source of extensive networking and molecular communication in the rhizosphere. In this review, it has been tried to describe the effect and mechanism of action of arbuscular mycorrhizae against environmental and cultural stress factors in horticultural production systems. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Sustainable Agriculture
(Elsevier, 2024) Demir, S.; Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demirer Durak, E.; Najafi, S.; Boyno, G.
The 20th century has been accompanied by the increasing growth in agricultural production, the use of chemical inputs, especially nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, as well as the development of new methods in genetics and plant breeding. In natural ecological conditions, the rhizosphere soils have different types of living organisms, including mycorrhizal fungi, bacteria, and actinomycetes, that play a significant role in plant growth and development, plant nutrition as well as tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Among them, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have a significant symbiotic relationship with different types of plants in most natural habitats. These fungi play a direct role in improving the growth and development of plants in agricultural ecosystems by absorbing phosphorus and other mineral nutrients from the soil. Also, the role of these fungi in reducing the effects of various biotic and abiotic stresses, bioremediation of contaminated soils, protecting plants against pathogens, increasing biodiversity in host plants, and improving soil fertility and structure has also been validated. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the majority of plants, such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees, and thus play a significant role in sustainable agricultural systems. Proper management of these fungi can be very important in improving sustainable agricultural practices. In this chapter, the role and benefits of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable agricultural development systems are emphasized and discussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Chromosome Analysis of Quercus Castaneifolia
(Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia, 2021) Najafi, S.; Tuncturk, R.; Tuncturk, M.; Seyyedi, N.
The results showed that all studied cells of each population, the basic chromosome number was x=12 and all of them were diploid. Karyotype analysis of each population was conducted separately and several indices (TL: Total Length, LA: Long Arm, SA: Short Arm, CI: Centromer Index, AR: Arm Ratio, R-value, DRL%: Difference of Relative Length and TF%: Total Form) were determined. Karyotype formula was 12m in all studied populations. The length of chromosomes in all populations was estimated as 1.55-2.68 micrometers. The longest chromosome was observed in chromosome number 1 from population 4 (Gorghan) which was 2.68 micrometers and the shortest one was related to the chromosome number 12 from population 5 (Zanoos) which was 1.55 micrometers. Considering of chromosomal classification, all the studied populations were placed in class 1A of Stebbins which showed that there is a symmetry in the studied karyotypes. The other estimated indices also showed that in chromosomes are relatively symmetric in all populations that indicated this species is primitive and undeveloped. © 2021 Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia. All rights reserved.
Effect of Microwave Radiation on the Germination and Growth Characteristics of Maize (Zea Mays)
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2017) Danesh, Y.R.; Ghiyasi, M.; Najafi, S.; Amirnia, R.
In order to study the effect of microwave radiation on germination and growth characteristics of maize (Zea mays), an experiment was carried out in the year 2010 in seed physiology laboratory at the Department of Agriculture, Urmia University in a factorial experiment with completely randomised blocks design with four replicates. The first factor was three different powers (100, 200 and 300 Ws) and the second factor was five different times (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 s). The results showed the significant differences among interaction between power and time treatments on germination, radicle and stem length, fresh and dry weight, germination rate as well as time of reaching 50% germination (T50) at the probability level of 1%. The highest rate of germination, radicle and stem length was observed in the treatment of 200 Ws power with duration of 90 s. The least rate of germination, radicle and stem length as well as dry weight was found at the treatment of 300 Ws power with maximum time duration. © 2017, Scibulcom Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Effects of Glomus Intraradices on Seedling Growth Parameters of Sage (Salvia Officinalis L.) Under Salinity Stress Conditions
(Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia, 2024) Tunçtürk, R.; Tunçtürk, M.; Danesh, R.Y.; Najafi, S.; Toprak, T.
Salinity is a significant abiotic stress that adversely affects plant growth and development, threatening global agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Results indicated that increasing salt concentrations significantly inhibited seedling growth in all studied parameters, with control plants (0 mM) exhibiting the highest growth values. The tallest plants measured 23.16 cm in the control treatment, while those exposed to 200 mM salt reached only 13.12 cm. Although AMF applications did not show significant effects on plant height, they positively influenced growth parameters in salt-free conditions. Statistical analysis revealed significant interactions between salt levels and AMF on root fresh and dry weights, with the highest values recorded in the control group. Furthermore, AMF applications generally promoted growth, particularly in non-saline conditions, corroborating findings from previous research highlighting mycorrhizae's role in enhancing plant stress tolerance. In conclusion, the research findings emphasize the detrimental impact of salinity on plant development and the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation as a strategy to mitigate these effects. These findings contribute to understanding the beneficial role of AMF in improving salt tolerance and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in saline-prone environments. © 2024 Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia. All rights reserved.
Karyological Analysis on Wheat Tir (Triticum Aestivum Var. Aestivum L. Spp. Leucospermum Körn.) Ecotypes in Lake Van Basin, Turkey
(Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia, 2022) Najafi, S.; Ulker, M.; Altuner, F.; Oral, E.; Ozdemir, B.; Jamal Salih, S.; Selem, E.
Karyotypic is studied within ecotypes species which are importantly found with different ecotypes, and it may possible showing specific genomic adaptation with their environmental growing conditions. Chromosome karyotype and morphology in wheat Tir by analyzing chromosomes in five ecotypes (Ahlat, Ercis, Muradiye, Patnos and central part of Van) in order to present the best instruction for cytogenetic studies in chromosome analysis was investigatred. Pre-treatment with %1 alpha-bromo naphthalene, fixation in karnoy 1, hydrolysis in NaOH and staining by %2 Aceto-Orcein were proved using root meristem segments followed by studying the microscopic preparations. Karyotype analysis of each ecotype. There was separately performed and showing several indices (TL: Total Length, LA: Long Arm, SA: Short Arm, Sat: Satellite and AR: Arm Ratio). The somatic chromosome numbers of all studied ecotypes are hexaploid with 2n=6x=42 and the averages of chromosomes length ranged from 4.60 ±0.02 µm to 16.05 ±0.02 µm. The longest chromosome was observed in chromosome number 1 from ecotype 3 which belongs to Muradiye and the shortest one was related to the chromosome number 21 from ecotype 4 from Patnos. © 2022 Association of Agricultural Technology in Southeast Asia. All rights reserved.
Karyological and Chromosome Analysis of Quercus Libani in Iran
(Centenary University, 2019) Asgharpour, F.; Seyedi, N.; Najafi, S.
This study attempts to analyze the karyotype and chromosome structure in five populations of Quercus libani growing in Northern Zagros. Pre-treatment, fixation, hydrolysis and staining were conducted using root meristem and then microscopic samples were prepared and studied. The results showed that in all studied cells of each population, the basic chromosome number was x=12 and all of them were diploid. Karyotype analysis of each population was conducted separately and several indices (TL: Total Length, LA: Long Arm, SA: Short Arm, CI: Centromer Index, AR: Arm Ratio, R- value, DRL%: Difference of Relative Length and TF%: Total Form) were determined. Karyotype formula was 12m in all studied populations. The length of chromosomes in all populations was estimated as 0.64-2.08 micrometers. The longest chromosome was observed in chromosome number 1 from population 1 and the shortest one was related to the chromosome number 12 from population 5. Considering of chromosomal classification, all the studied populations were placed in class B of Stebbins which showed that there is an average symmetry in the studied karyotypes. The other estimated indices also showed that in chromosomes are relatively symmetric in all populations that indicates this species is primitive and undeveloped. © 2019, Centenary University. All rights reserved.
Study on Antifungal Effects of Several Essential Oils Against Botrytis Cinerea and Rhizopus Stolonifer
(Scibulcom Ltd., 2017) Rezaee Danesh, Y.; Demir, S.; Najafi, S.
Essential oils of oregano, thyme, rosemary and sage were chemically analysed and evaluated for antifungal activity on Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer by contact (125-1000 μl/l) and volatile (5-40 μl) methods. Different essential oils inhibited fungal growth in a dose dependent manner. The growth of B. cinerea was completely inhibited by rosemary essential oil (≥ 500 μl/l) and at ≥ 750 μl/l for sage and thyme oils. Also, the growth of R. stolonifer was completely inhibited by sage and thyme oils (≥ 500 μl/l) and at ≥ 750 μl/l for oregano and rosemary oils. Rosemary and thyme essential oils had the most antifungal effects on B. cinerea and R. stolonifer at all concentrations, respectively. Volatile phase effects were found to be more effective than contact phase effect. The growth of fungi was completely suppressed at concentrations ≥ 10 μl for oregano and rosemary oils and at ≥ 5 μl for sage and thyme oils. Thymol and carvacrol are the two main constituents of thyme and rosemary which showed the highest antifungal activities. The results showed that the essential oils are promising antifungal agents which could be used as bio-fungicide in the protection of fruits and vegetables against postharvest infections.