Browsing by Author "Nursoy, H"

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Determination of the Chemical Composition and Digestible Dry Matter Yields of Some Grain Sorghum Varieties
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Akdeniz, H; Karsli, MA; Nursoy, H; Yilmaz, I
The objective of this study was to determine sorghum varieties that are suitable for north Anatolian conditions and possess high nutrient yields. Eight grain sorghum varieties, namely, Ogretmenoglu, Akdari, Aldari, Beydari, Ramada, A-298, DK-64 and KS-397, were utilized as plant material in the experiment. When the grains were mature, they were harvested first, and then residues were harvested by hand. Samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro DM digestibility. Digestible DM yields were also calculated. The DM content of residues ranged from 26.64% to 35.36% (P < 0.05). Concentrations of OM in residues were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in Ramada and Aldari compared with the other varieties. While NDF and ADF concentrations in residues were highest in Beydari, they were lowest in DK-64 (P < 0.05). Residues of DK-64 and Aldari had the highest in vitro digestibilities, DM yields and digestible DM yields (P < 0.05). Ogretmentoglu grain had the highest CP, whereas Beydari had the lowest in vitro digestibility (P < 0.05). Ramada grain had the highest DM and digestible DM yields (P < 0.05). Total (forage + grain) DM yield, digestible DM yield and CP yield were significantly higher in Ramada and A-298 compared with the other varieties (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that, of the sorghum varieties grown, Ramada had the highest yield and adaptation for north Anatoilan conditions, followed by A-298, based on digestible DM and CP yields, respectively.
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Hazelnut and Soybean Meals on Microbial Protein Synthesis
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Karsli, MA; Tasal, T; Nursoy, H
The aim of this study was to compare effects of dietary inclusion of hazelnut meal (HZM) with soybean meal (SBM) on site of digestion and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated female Redkaraman x kivircik sheep (initial BW of 44.0 +/- 1.02 kg) were utilized in a crossover experiment. Sheep were fed a diet of 60% corn silage (DM basis) and 40% concentrate consisting of barley and SBM or HZM. Feed was fed at 115% of ad libitum intake. Intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar between sheep fed SBM or HZM based diets (P > 0.05). Organic matter intake averaged 1089 (2.37% BW) and 1143 g/day (2.42% BW) for SBM and HZM, respectively. Apparent and true ruminal and total tract DM and OM digestibilities did not differ between diets (P > 0.05). True ruminal OM digestibility was 74.3 and 74.6% for SBM and HZM based diets, respectively. Total CP entering the duodenum was similar between diets (P > 0.05). Dietary plus endogenous CP entering the duodenum in grams and as a percentage of total CP was greater (P < 0.05) for SBM versus HZM. Quantities of microbial protein (P < 0.15) and NH3 N (P < 0.08) flowing to the duodenum tended to be less for SBM versus HZM; percentages of total CP were lower (P < 0.05) for SBM. Apparent ruminal and total tract CP digestibilities did not differ between diets, but true ruminal CP digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis tended to be higher in animals fed the HZM based diet compared with the diet based on SBM (P < 0.13). In conclusion, because total CP entering duodenum did not differ between diets, HZM can be substituted for SBM in sheep fed corn silage and barley based diets with a moderate CP level. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V.
The Effect of Urea and Molasses Addition Into Corn Harvested at the Milk Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Nutrient Yield
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Nursoy, H; Deniz, S; Demirel, M; Denek, N
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of urea or urea plus molasses addition into corn harvested at the milk stage on the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of silage. To achieve this objective, four different corn varieties (Rx-947, 33-94, Frassino and Arifiye) harvested at the milk stage were utilized. Silage samples were added 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses and ensiled in mini-silos (I L in volume). Silage samples were analyzed for chemical composition, pH and organic acids (lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acids). In vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and digestible DM yields of silages (kg/da) were also determined. Urea addition increased silage crude protein (CP) in addition to silage pH. Urea or urea plus molasses addition generally decreased silage lactic acid content, but these decreases were only significant in the Rx-947 and Frassino varieties. While silage acetic acid contents were not affected by urea and molasses addition, butyric acid concentration increased in the Frassino variety with urea addition, and decreased in the Arifiye variety with urea and urea + molasses and the 33-94 variety with urea + molasses addition. Urea plus molasses addition increased silage DM digestibility in the Frassino variety, but this effect was not significant for other varieties. Digestible DM yield's were not affected by additives (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea Plus 4% molasses into corn harvested at the milk stage improved the chemical composition of silages, but had no positive effect on silage quality.
The Effects of Adding Urea or Urea Plus Molasses in Some Sorghum Varieties Harvested at Dough Stage on Silage Quality and Digestible Dry Matter Yield
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2004) Demirel, M; Deniz, S; Yilmaz, I; Nursoy, H
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of 0.5% urea or 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses into some sorghum varieties (Gozde, P-988, Grazer and Grass-II) harvested at the dough stage on silage quality, in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility and digestible DM yields. Triplicate silage samples from each variety and treatment group, a total of 36 silage samples, were prepared in 1 l mino-silos and incubated for 90 days. Silage DM and crude protein (CP) levels ranged from 29.56 to 33.46%, and from 7.16 to 12.63%, respectively. Addition of urea or urea + molasses increased CP. and urea + molasses increased DM but decreased the NDF content of all silages (P < 0,05). Silage pHs were between 4.08 and 4.71, and the addition of urea and urea + molasses increased silage pH (P < 0,05). Lactic, acetic and butyric acid concentrations of silages, on DM bases, ranged from 3.50 to 8.01%; from 0.58 to 1.44% and from 0.01 to 0.14%, respectively. The addition of urea and urea + molasses increased the lactic acid and decreased the propionic acid concentration of silages (P < 0,05), although butyric acid concentrations were not affected. Urea supplementation did not affect acetic acid concentrations, and urea + molasses increased the acetic acid concentration of silages. In vitro DM digestibilities of Gozde, P-988, Grazer and Grass-II varieties were 52.85, 54.20, 54.96 and 54.39%, respectively. The addition of urea + molasses to Gozde increased in vitro DM digestibilities, but urea and urea + molasses addition decreased in vitro DM digestibilities in other varieties (P < 0,05). The P-988 variety had the highest digestible DM yield (804.38 kg/decare)(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the P-988 sorghum variety seemed to be the best suited Van ecological conditions based on silage fermentation quality and digestible DM yield.
The Effects of Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) in Dairy Cow Diets on Milk Yield, Some Rumen Fluid Parameters and Blood Metabolites of Dairy Cow Diets
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Nursoy, H; Baytok, E
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of baker's yeast as a protein source instead of soybean meal in dairy cow diets. Four dairy cows were utilized in a 4 x 4 Latin Square experiment. Diets included 0.0% (Control Diet), 6.6% (Diet 1), 13.2% (Diet 2), and 19.8% (Diet 3) baker's yeast containing 3.56 x 10(8) CFU/g. Forty percent of the dry matter intake of dairy cows was supplied from concentrate, and forage was offered ad libitum. The dry matter intake, milk yield, and composition of milk were similar. While the rumen NH3-N level was significantly low (p < 0.05) 3 h post-feeding, acetic acid concentration was significantly high (p < 0.05) 12 h post-feeding in cows that consumed diets containing yeast. Propionic acid concentrations were lower (p < 0.01) 3 h post-feeding in cows that consumed Diets 2 and 3 compared with those that consumed the other diets. While serum triglyceride levels were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in cows that consumed diets containing baker's yeast than in those that consumed the control diet, serum protein, urea, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were similar in cows that consumed different diets. It was concluded from this study that there were some positive effects, such as low rumen NH3-N level and high acetic acid concentration, in cows that consumed diets containing yeast, and thus, baker's yeast can be utilized in dairy cow diets as a protein source.
The Effects of Maturity on Range Quality and Animal Performance
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2003) Karsli, MA; Deniz, S; Nursoy, H; Denek, N; Akdeniz, H
The objective of this study-was to determine the effects of maturity on the range quality and weight gain of male and female lambs, and the time at which supplementation is needed. The experiment was conducted at TIGEM Altindere Agricultural experiment station. At the start of the grazing season, four 4-m(2) areas from 3 different (expected to be heavily grazed) locations of range were excluded from grazing with cages. Dry matter (DM) yield and DM loss due to grazing at different periods of the grazing season were determined from these areas. Forage samples were collected from grazed and ungrazed areas once every two weeks from the 2(nd) week of May to the 2(nd) week of August. Parallel to forage sampling, 20 male and female lambs (a total of 40 lambs) grazing on the pasture were weighed once every two weeks to determine daily weight gains. Dry matter yield, chemical composition (DM, OM, ash, CP, NDF, and ADF) and in vitro DM digestibility of range were determined. Dry matter, NDF and ADF concentrations of forages increased (P < 0.01) and crude protein content decreased (P < 0.01), but organic matter and ash concentrations did not change with increasing maturity. The effect of grazing on the parameters mentioned above was not significant, but increasing maturity significantly affected DM digestibility and DM yields (P < 0.01). At the start of the experiment, DM digestibilities for grazed and ungrazed areas were 69.70 and 69.25%; they declined to 42.45 and 43.45% at the 7(th) sampling, respectively. Dry matter yields for grazed and ungrazed areas were 54.69 and 69.64 for the V sampling, 81.88 and 120.54 for the 2(nd) sampling, 50.55 and 111.74 for the 3(rd) sampling, 59.10 and 97.13 for the 4(th) sampling, 32.82 and 78.81 for the 5(th) sampling, 38.06 and 67.61 for the 6(th) sampling, and 26.96 and 52.65 kg/da for the 7(th) sampling, respectively (P < 0.01). Digestible DM yields for grazed and ungrazed areas were 37.82 and 48.12 for the 1(st) sampling, 51.50 and 78.41 for the 2(nd) sampling, 28.29 and 58.50 for the 3(rd) sampling, 30.15 and 48.18 for the 4(th) sampling, 16.12 and 37.65 for the 5(th) sampling, 17.76 and 31.56 for the 6(th) sampling, and 11.96 and 24.10 kg/da for the 7(th) sampling, respectively (P < 0.01). Both DM and digestible DIM yields were also affected by grazing (P < 0.01). Weight gains, determined parallel to forage sampling, during the 2(nd), 3(rd), and 4(th) periods were high (228, 263, and 182 g/d for male, and 252, 194, and 184 g/d for female lambs, respectively), but were very low after the 4(th) period. It is concluded that the range can meet the nutrient requirements of lambs for optimal weight gain during May and June, but lambs require an extra supplementation for optimal weight gain after June under Northern Anatolian conditions.
Effects of Urea or Urea Plus Molasses Supplementation To Silages With Different Sorghum Varieties Harvested at the Milk Stage on the Quality and in Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Silages
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2005) Keskin, B; Yilmaz, LH; Karsli, MA; Nursoy, H
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 0.5% urea and 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses (on weight basis) addition to sorghum silages ensiled using 4 sorghum varieties (Grass II, Grazer, Gozde, and P-988) harvested at the milk stage. Plant materials were ensiled in 1-kg jars and the chemical composition, pH, organic acids, in vitro digestibility (IVDMD) and digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) of the silages were determined. Addition of urea and urea plus molasses to silages increased the crude protein ratio significantly (P < 0.01). However, the addition of urea plus molasses significantly decreased the neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of the silages. Additives significantly increased the pH values of the silages. The addition of urea and urea plus molasses to silages generally did not affect acetic or propionic acid content; however, the butyric acid content of the urea and urea plus molasses groups was higher than that of the control groups. IVDMD of all sorghum varieties decreased with the addition of urea and urea plus molasses. Additives did not affect DDMY. In conclusion, the addition of 0.5% urea and 0.5% urea plus 4% molasses to sorghum silages, harvested at the milk stage, improved the CP content of the silages, but they had no positive effect on silage quality, IVDMD or DDMY.
Effects of Varying Levels of Live Yeast Culture on Yield and Some Parameters in Laying Hen Diets
(indian veterinary Journal, 2004) Nursoy, H; Kaplan, O; Oguz, MN; Yilmaz, O
Direct-fed microbes (DFM) include bacteria, yeast or combination of them which are added into diet. They are commonly used to enhance growth rate, feed efficiency and egg yield in poultry rations. Yeast cultures (YC) contain viable yeast, metabolites, and the media on which the yeast cells are grown (Bradley and Savage, 1995). The addition of live yeast cultures to chick diets have been used to improve egg production. (Nahashon et al., 1996), animal performance (Onifade et al., 1998; Purushotha-man and Natanam, 1999), enhance feed-efficiency (Kahraman et al., 1996), improve, fatty acid digestibility, and to reduce abdominal fat content (Lacroix et al., 1991). In contrast, Elbert et al. (1987), Brake (1991) and Lacroix et al. (loc. cit.) have reported no effect of dietary YC in balanced chicken diets. The aim of this study was to assess egg yield and quality in hens fed different levels of yeast culture at last period of laying.
Evaluation of the in Situ Degradation Kinetics of Some Protein Sources Commonly Used in Ruminant Feeding
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2004) Deniz, S; Karsli, MA; Nursoy, H; Kutlu, MS
The aim of the study was to evaluate the in situ degradation kinetics of some commonly used protein sources (sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and soybean meal). Three ruminally fistulated rams were utilized in the study. They were fed ground alfalfa and a mixture of concentrate (60% alfalfa and 40% mixture) at maintenance level. The Dacron bags used in the study had a 45 p 2, pore size and internal dimensions of 15 x 7 cm. Feed samples were ground to pass through a 2 mm screen. Samples were incubated in the rumen of rams for 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. Each feed sample was incubated in the rumen of 3 rams in duplicate for each incubation time. Approximately 3.5 g of samples were placed in each Dacron bag. Concentrations of organic matter were 93.16%, 94.43% and 93.40% (P < 0.05); ether extract 1.70%, 7.12% and 2.79% (P < 0.05); crude fiber 21.64%, 19.81% and 6.77% (P < 0.05); crude protein 32.03%, 30.07% and 50.02% (P < 0.05); and ADIN-N 11.57%, 11.00% and 10.45% (P < 0.05) for sunflower meal (SFM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and soybean meal (SBM), respectively. Ruminal DM degradability of samples was highest with SBM for all incubation times followed by SFM and CSM in that order (P < 0.05). While crude protein degradabilities of SFM were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of CSM and SBM up to 12 h incubation, they were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of CSM but similar to those of SBM at 24 and 48 h incubation times. Crude protein degradabilities were 55.72%, 41.08% and 66.06% after 8 h incubation for SFM, CSM and SBM, respectively (P < 0.05). Concentrations of water soluble protein were 45.93%, 37.65% and 35.79% (P < 0.05); potentially degradable protein 44.21%, 29.48% and 55.72% (P < 0.05); non-degradable protein 9.86%, 32.87% and 8.49% (P < 0.05); k, h(-1) were 0.173, 0.066 and 0.114 (P < 0.05); percentages of escape protein were 18.41%, 42.50% and 33.55% (P < 0.05): and escape protein 57.90, 130.30 and 167.80 g/kg (P < 0.05) for SFM, CSM and SBM. respectively.
The Possibilities of Using Sugar Beet Pulp Silage Produced by Different Methods in Lamb and Dairy Cow Rations - 2 - Ruminal Degradability
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2002) Deniz, S; Bolat, D; Kaplan, O; Nursoy, H
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the ensiling methods for the more efficient and long lasting preservation of sugar beet pulp which is rich in energy and is a source of inexpensive feedstuff The ruminal degradabilities of these silages were determined Sugar beet pulp was mixed with wheat straw or grass hay and 5% molasses in order to increase the level of dry matter of the silages to 20 25 and 30% In addition at the level of 0 1 1 5 and 2% as well as 0 0 5 and 1 % urea were added to the samples containing straw and grass hay respectively The mixed materials were ensiled in jars (approximately 1 I in volume) for two months All samples were incubated for 4 8 16 24 48 and 72 h in four rumen fistulated rams Each of the samples was incubated in duplicate in the rumen of each ram After a 72 h incubation period the ruminal dry matter degradability of silages containing 20 25 and 30% dry matter were found to be 81 31 73 72 and 70 42% and 81 49 81 09 and 77 19% for the samples containing wheat straw and grass hay respectively The ruminal degradabilities of silage samples were affected negatively by adding different levels of wheat straw in order to increase dry matter content whereas grass hay levels had no effect On the other hand urea supplementation had no effect on ruminal dry matter degradability.
The Possibilities of Using Sugar Beet Pulp Silage Produced by Different Methods in Lamb and Dairy Cow Rations - 3 - Digestibility and Lamb Fattening Trials
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2002) Deniz, S; Denek, N; Nursoy, H; Oguz, MN
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate ensiling methods for more efficient and long lasting preservation of sugar beet pulp which is an energy rich cheap feedstuff For this reason during ensiling the dry matter of sugar beet pulp was increased to 20% by adding wheat straw or grass hay On the other hand 1 % urea + 5% beet molasses (SBPSM) and 0% urea + 5% beet molasses (SBPHM) were added to these silages containing wheat straw or grass hay respectively Two kinds of beet pulp silages corn silage and grass hay were utilized in lambs in this experiment In the digestion trial organic matter digestibilities were 60 39 58 99 55 80 and 60 03% (P<0 05) for corn silage SBPSM silage SBPHM silage and grass hay respectively Crude cellulose digestibilities were similar however crude protein digestibilitiy was greater in the group fed SBPSM silage than in the other groups (P<0 05) Crude protein digestibilities were 65 98 86 26 70 27 and 70 66 for corn silage SBPSM silage SBPHM silage and grass hay respectively In the fattening trial the silages and grass hay were fed ad libitum while the concentrates were limited to 30% of the requirement The trial lasted 60 days Total live weight gains were found to be 4 62 2 85 3 45 and 5 93 kg and daily weight gains were found to be 77 48 58 and 99 g in the corn silage SBPSM silage SBPHM silage and grass hay groups (P>0 05) respectively In conclusion when the dry matter concentration of sugar beet pulp was increased to 20% and supplemented with molasses a good quality silage can be obtained The digestibility rates of these silages may equal the nutritive value of corn silage but the value of both corn silage and the silages of sugar beet pulp in lamb fattening is questionable.