Browsing by Author "Parlak, M."

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Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Brucella Isolates From Various Clinical Speciemens
(Ivyspring International Publisher, 2011) Bayram, Y.; Korkoca, H.; Aypak, C.; Parlak, M.; Cikman, A.; Kilic, S.; Berktas, M.
Purpose: Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and still constitutes a major public health problem. In the study we claimed to identify Brucella species from clinical samples of patients with active brucellosis from Van region of Eastern Anatolia and to determine in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of these strains to commonly used anti-Brucella agents and a possible new alternative tigecycline. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 Brucella isolates were enrolled the study and the identification of the isolates were based on conventional methods. In vitro activities of an-timicrobials were evaluated by the E test method. Results: All isolates were identified as B. melitensis. MIC90 values of doxycycline, strepto-mycin, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and tigecycline were 0.064 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 0.125 mg/L and 0.094 mg/L, respectively. Tigecycline had low MIC50 and MIC90 values against all B. melitensis strains; the highest MIC observed was 0.25 μg/mL. Conclusion: Our data suggest that tigecycline can be a therapeutic alternative option for the treatment of brucellosis. © Ivyspring International Publisher.
Antiviral Drug Resistance Rates Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection
(Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow, 2023) Özlük, S.; Bayram, Y.; Özkaçmaz, A.; Parlak, M.; Özdemir, A.; Aypak, C.
Introduction and aim. Chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) affects millions of people around the world. Many clinicians find it challenging to choose therapeutic agents due to the mutations that occur in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that cause drug resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the HBV resistance rates against the currently recommended first-line therapies in the region of our country where HBV prevalence is high. Material and methods. A total of 96 patients (56 men and 40 women) with HBV infection were enrolled in the study. The serum samples collected from those were analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis followed by pyrosequencing (PyroStar HBV Drug Resistance Test, Altona Diagnostics, Germany) for drug resistance mutations associated with lamivudine, adefovir, telbivudine, entecavir, and tenofovir. Results. HBV drug-resistance mutations were investigated in 80 treatment-naïve and 16 treatment-experienced patients (6 entecavir, 4 PEGylated-interferon, 4 tenofovir, 2 lamivudine). None of the HBV-DNA samples had mutations cause to drug resistance were detected in any codons regions that were analyzed. Conclusion. Antiviral resistance poses serious obstacles for clinicians in the treatment of CHB. Determining whether antiviral resistance exists in HBV is critical to choose the appropriate treatment agent. © 2023 University of the Philippines Manila. All rights reserved.
Clinical and Haematological Manifestations of Typhoid Fever in Children in Eastern Turkey
(Univ West indies Faculty Medical Sciences, 2016) Akbayram, S.; Parlak, M.; Dogan, M.; Karasin, G.; Akbayram, H. T.; Karaman, K.
Objective: Typhoid fever can involve various organs, leading to a wide range of presentations: from uncomplicated to complicated typhoid fever. The haematological changes are common in typhoid fever and include anaemia, leucopaenia, thrombocytopaenia and bleeding diathesis. This study was undertaken in order to determine the clinical and haematological presentation of typhoid fever in children. Methods: In this study, records of children and adolescents with typhoid fever aged under or equal to 16 years, admitted to Yuzuncu Yil University Hospital between 2010 and 2014, were analysed retrospectively. Results: The cases (56%) were admitted to our hospital in July and October. Major symptoms of patients were abdominal pain (24%), arthralgia (21%) and fever (11%). In our study, decreased mean platelet volume (31%), eosinopaenia 20%), abnormal platelet count (19%), anaemia (16%), leucocytosis (16%) and eosinophilia (12%) were the most common haematological findings in the children. Conclusions: Typhoid fever is predominant in children at school age with a slight male predominance. Decreased mean platelet volume and abdominal pain might be useful as early diagnostic clues.
The Determination of Meca Gene Presence in Mrsa Strains Isolated From Intensive Care Unit by Conventional, Automated and Pcr Method
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2021) Deniz, N.Y.; Bayram, Y.; Parlak, M.; Irden, Ş.; Güdücüoğlu, H.
Meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are becoming increasingly important as a cause of hospital and community-acquired infections. The aim of this study is to compare PCR, gradient tests and automated system which are the methods for determining methicillin resistance in S. aureus strains. The study included 50 MRSA strains isolated from various samples (wound, blood, sputum, respiration, abscess, osteomyelitis, etc.) from the microbiology laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty between 2010-2016. A single isolate was obtained from each patient. In our study, the presence of mecA gene in MRSA strains was investigated by conventional, automated and PCR methods. The presence of methicillin resistance was found in 49 of 50 MRSA strains which were examined by Oxacillin E-test method (MIC˃2). All of the strains which were tested by cefoxitin E-test were found resistant to methicillin (MIC˃4). Vitek 2 automated system detected that all of the strains are resistant to methicillin. All samples examined by PCR method were positive, the presence of mecA gene was determined. Sensitivity rate of strains examined by oxacillin E-test method was 98%, while the susceptibility rate of strains examined by cefoxitin E-test, Vitek 2 automated system and PCR methods was 100%. In order to obtain the necessary precautions in hospitals with high MRSA ratio, mecA investigation is of great importance in achieving the correct results. Since the results of the three methods are almost close to each other, three methods can be used to determine the correct results. © 2021, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Iga Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase in Celiac Disease in Van-Turkey
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2015) Bayram, Y.; Parlak, M.; Aypak, C.; Bayram, İ.; Yılmaz, D.; Çıkman, A.
Although the IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase test (IgA anti-tTG) has been recommended as the first step in the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD), there are controversial data about the real accuracy of the test in clinical practice. Therefore we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the IgA anti-tTG in a group of patients who were suspected of having CD. The study was performed at Van Training and Research Hospital, Van-Turkey. Details of patients in whom the IgA anti-tTG was requested from January 2009 to April 2012 were obtained from databases. Duplicate requests were excluded. Histopathologic examination of duodenal biopsies and serologic evaluations were compared. A total of 1614 IgA anti-tTG were requested from different patients. In all, 49.6% of requests were in females and 29.8% from children under the age of sixteen. A total of 192 (11.9%) requests were found to be positive. Duodenal biopsies were performed to 61 (31.8%) of seropositive patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity of IgA antitTG were 93.3% and 9.5%. Our data have revealed that clinicians should be aware of solely relying on the results of the IgA anti-tTG test could result in unnecessary diagnostic procedures and treatments. © 2015 Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
Essential Trace Element Levels in Patients With Cutaneous Anthrax
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2023) Binici, I.; Parlak, M.; Sunnetcioglu, M.; Baran, A.I.; Ceylan, M.R.; Kul, A.R.; Huyut, Z.
The causative microorganism in anthrax is Bacillus anthracis and this disease is more common in some regions of Türkiye. Changes in trace elements other than iron in anthrax infection have not been studied. In this study, iron, copper, lead, zi nc, manganese, magnesium, cadmium and cobalt levels were investigated in cases with cutaneous anthrax. Fifteen patients with cutaneous anthrax and 15 healthy individuals wereincluded in the study. The groups were similar to each other in terms of age and gender. Anthrax was diagnosed according to contact status with animals, symptoms, examination, and microbiological results. We performed our study with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (UNICAM-929 spectrophotometer). Serum iron, lead, and cadmium levels were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects (p<0.05). Serum magnesium, manganese, zinc, copper, and cobalt levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects (p<0.05). The copper/zinc molar ratio was not significantly increased in the patients with cutaneous anthrax than in the control subjects. It has been reported that iron, cadmium, and lead levels are low and copper level is high in infectious diseases. But we determined the opposite situation in the patients with cutaneous anthrax. As a result, it can be said that the detection of high lead and cadmium levels in the cell in anthrax disease suppresses the immune system. Also, zinc can be used as a marker for this disease. © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates by Years
(Hindawi Limited, 2016) Raǧbetli, C.; Parlak, M.; Bayram, Y.; Guducuoglu, H.; Ceylan, N.
Objective. Recently, community and hospital-acquired infections with Staphylococcus aureus have increased and raised antibiotic resistant isolates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus isolates over several years in various clinical specimens from our hospital. Materials and Methods. S. aureus strains from 2009 to 2014 were isolated from various clinical samples at Yuzuncu Yil University, Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Microbiology Laboratory, and their antibiotic susceptibility test results were retrospectively investigated. The isolates were identified by conventional methods, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, USA) automated system method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. Results. A total of 1,116 S. aureus isolates were produced and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to 21% of all S. aureus isolates between 2009 and 2014. According to the results of susceptibility tests of all isolates of S. aureus, they have been identified as sensitive to vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and levofloxacin. While the resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined as 0.3%, 2.4%, and 6%, respectively, resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, rifampicin, gentamicin, and clindamycin were determined as 100%, 18%, 14%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. The highest percentage of methicillin resistance was determined as 30% in 2009, and the resistance was determined to have decreased in subsequent years (20%, 16%, 13%, 19%, and 21%) (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Currently, retrospective evaluations of causes of nosocomial infection should be done periodically. We think that any alteration of resistance over the years has to be identified, and all centers must determine their own resistance profiles, in order to guide empirical therapies. Reducing the rate of antibiotic resistance will contribute to reducing the cost of treatment. © 2016 Cennet Raǧbetli et al.
Hematological Findings in 622 of Children With Brucellosis in Eastern Turkey
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Akbayram, S.; Karaman, K.; Bayhan, G.; Akbayram, H.; Dogan, M.; Parlak, M.; Oner, A.
The Investigation of Brucella Seropositivity in Blood Donors
(Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency (RSNPHA), 2021) Sümer, K.; GüDüCüOĞlu, H.; AkyüZ, S.; Parlak, M.; Bayram, Y.
Objective: Although brucellosis is controlled in developed countries, it is a public health problem that is seen as endemic in our country. Although most people living in endemic areas do not have clinical signs of infection, the serological indicators of brucellosis may be positive. The illness can be transmitted to healthy people from asymptomatic patients through blood transfusion. In this study, it is aimed to investigate Brucella seropositivity in healthy blood donors in our region. Methods: The study included 4018 healthy blood donors who donated to the Blood Center of Van Yuzuncu Y.l University Medical Faculty between May 2016 and June 2017. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was applied to all blood serums and samples with agglutination were confirmed by Standard Tube Agglutination (STA) test. Serum samples with low titer positive (1/40 and 1/80 titer) who were considered.1/160 titer positive as a result of the STA test were studied with Coombs test..1/160 titer positive in Coombs test. Results: In the study, 107 (2.7%) of the total 4018 serum samples were positive for RBPT screening. As a result of the STA test applied to positive blood samples, 13 were suspect positive and 13 (0.3%) were positive. Of the 13 serum samples that gave suspected positivity with the STA test, 3 of them were positive with Coombs test. Therefore, in our study, seropositivity rate among all samples was 2.7% (n=107) with RBPT, 0.3% (n=13) with STA test and 0.4% (n=16) by Coombs test+STA test. Conclusion: It should be considered that patients with positive Brucella serology due to active disease but without clinical findings, carry the risk of Brucellosis associated with blood transfusion in endemic regions including our country. © 2021, Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. All Rights Reserved.
Investigation of the Predictive Value of Amino Acids for Tuberculous Meningitis, Aseptic Meningitis and Bacterial Meningitis
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2023) Binici, I.; Huyut, Z.; Alp, H.H.; Akbay, H.I.; Karsen, H.; Parlak, M.; Akmeşe, Ş.
In our study, we aimed to detect amino acid changes, if any, by comparing the levels of amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with aseptic, bacterial, and tuberculous meningitis and control groups. Patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis (n=41), tuberculous meningitis (n=21), bacterial meningitis (n=41) and a control group consisting of 64 individuals with similar gender and age characteristics were included in the study. 2 mL of cerebrospinal fluid specimens were obtained from all patients and control group and sto red at-80 °C until the study day. The amino acid measurements were performed using commercially available liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS / MS) kits. When we investigated amino acids levels in all groups, the levels of 1-methyl histidine, alanine, asparagine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, norvaline, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, sarcosine, threonine, tyrosine, valine in the aseptic, tuberculosis and bacterial meningitis groups were statistically higher than t hose of the control group. The levels of all amino acids except cystine, glutamic acid, homo-citrulline, and taurine in the patients with aseptic meningitis were statistically significantly higher than in the control group. The levels of all amino acids ex cept homocitrulline, and tryptophan were statistically significantly higher in the patient group with tuberculous meningitis than in the control group. The levels of all amino acids except glutamic acid were statistically significantly higher in the patient group with bacterial meningitis than in the control group. © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
Seroprevalence of Tularemia in Risk Groups of Humans and Animals in Van, East of Turkey
(Ankara Microbiology Society, 2015) Bayram, Y.; Özkaçmaz, A.; Parlak, M.; Basbugan, Y.; Kiliç, S.; Güdücüoʇlu, H.
Tularemia has become a re-emerging zoonotic disease in Turkey recently. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of tularemia in humans and their animals living in rural risky areas of our region and to investigate the risk factors. Between January and July 2012, people living in rural areas of Van province (located at eastern part of Turkey) and their domestic animals were included in the study. The sample size was determined by using cluster sampling method like in an event with known prevalence and planned as a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Proportional random sampling method was used to determine which individuals will be included in the study. Presence of tularemia antibodies in the sera of a total 495 voluntary persons (343 female, 152 male; age range: 18-79 years, mean age: 40.61) and their 171 animals (40 cattle, 124 sheep and 7 goats) were screened by microagglutination test using safranin O-stained F.tularensis antigen (Public Health Agency of Turkey). For the evaluation of cross-reactivity between Brucella spp., tularemia positive serum samples were also tested with brucella microagglutination test. Among human and animal samples, 11.9% (59/495) and 44% (76/171) yielded positive results with the titers of ≥ 1:20 in F.tularensis microagglutination test, respectively. However, 69.5% (41 /59) of human sera and 78.9% (60/76) of animal sera demonstrated equal or higher titers in the brucella test, so those sera were considered as cross-reactive. After exclusion of these sera, the seroprevalence for F.tularensis were calculated as 3.6% (18/495) for humans and 9.4% (16/171) for animals. Among the 16 animals with positive results, 12 were sheep, three were cattle and one was goat. The difference between seropositivity rates among the domestic animal species was not statistically significant (p< 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant differences were found between risk factors including insect bite, tick bite, contact with rodents, eating the meat of hunted animals (rabbit), having pet (cat) in home (p> 0.05). In this study, the rate of tularemia seropositivity among humans was similar to the results of previous studies which were performed in our country; however the seropositivity rate of tularemia among domestic animals in our study was higher than the results of a few studies which were conducted on domestic animals. In conclusion, preventive procedures and precautions must be taken into consideration to control the transmission of the infection.
The Urinary System Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum Escherichia Coli and Klebsiella Pneumoniae Strains
(Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi, 2016) Taken, K.; Parlak, M.; Günes, M.; Ergün, M.; Eryılmaz, R.; Demir, M.; Gecit, I.
Production of β-Lactamase enzymes is an important mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) strains isolated from the urine cultures and the underlying diseases and also to assess the antibiotic resistance. The bacteria were identified according to conventional methods including colony morphology, gram stains, oxidase test and biochemical tests (indole production, Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) agar, Simmon’s Citrate agar, Christensen’s Urea agar, and motility test medium). BD Phoenix automated system (Becton Dickinson, USA) was used for further identification of the bacteria that were identified as E. coli and K. pneumoniae and for assessing the resistance rates and ESBL production. A total of 401 E. coli and 58 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the urinary specimens. Of these, 159 (39.6%) of E. coli and 26 (44.8%) of K. pneumoniae strains were ESBL-positive. The most active antibiotics against ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains were carbapenems. Underlying diseases were detected in a total of 148 ESBL-positive strains (80%), including 127 (79.8%) of E. coli and 21 (80.8%) of K. pneumoniae strains. Common underlying diseases were benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), urolithiasis, neurogenic bladder, urethral stricture, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), hypospadias, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, vesicointestinal fistula, and cystocele (p<0.05). In the treatment of urinary system infections, ESBL-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains should be kept in mind and the underlying diseases should be studied and treated. © 2016, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.