Browsing by Author "Polat, B."

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Expression of Genes in the Canine Pre-Implantation Uterus and Embryo: Implications for an Active Role of the Embryo Before and During Invasion
(Wiley, 2008) Schaefer-Somi, S.; Beceriklisoy, H. B.; Budik, S.; Kanca, H.; Aksoy, O. A.; Polat, B.; Aslan, S.
The aim of the present study was to assess genes expressed in maternal uterine tissue and pre-implantation embryos which are presumably involved in maternal recognition and establishment of canine pregnancy. For this purpose, 10 pregnant bitches were ovariohysterectomized between days 10 and 12 after mating. Four non-pregnant bitches served as controls. Early pregnancy was verified by flushing the uterine horns with PBS solution. The collected embryos (n = 60) were stored deep-frozen (-80 degrees C). Uterine tissue was excised, snaps frozen in liquid nitrogen and homogenized using TRI Reagent. All embryos from one litter were thawed together and also homogenized in TRI Reagent. RT-PCR was performed to prove mRNA expression of progesterone receptor, key enzymes of the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, selected growth factors, cytokines, immune cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP). Only pregnant uteri revealed the presence of mRNA for interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-4 and CD-8, which resembles the milieu in humans and other mammalians. Similarly, in day 10 embryos, mRNA for transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-1,-2, hepatocyte growth factor, leukaemia inhibitor factor, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta,-6,-8, cyclooxygenase-2, CD4(+) cells, and MMP-2 and -9 were detected, but not MHC-I or -II. We therefore suppose that the canine embryo, like its human counterpart, actively initiates measures to prevent attacks from the maternal immune system to prepare its own adhesion, nidation, growth and further development.
Viroid, Phytoplasma, and Fungal Diseases of Stone Fruit in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2006) Sipahioglu, H. M.; Demir, S.; Myrta, A.; Al Rwahnih, M.; Polat, B.; Schena, L.; Minafra, A.
Stone fruit trees were surveyed from June to October (2003 and 2004) to determine the incidence of viroid, phytoplasma, and fungal diseases in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Molecular hybridisation test (tissue printing and dot-blot) was used to investigate the presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). A total of 16 trees out of 491 were positive for viroids. PLMVd was found in 15 peaches (Prunus persica) (3%) and a unique HSVd isolate was found only in an apricot (Prunus armeniaca) tree (0.1%). The average incidence of viroid infection was 3.2%. HSVd was detected for the first time in eastern Anatolia, whereas no PLMVd infection was encountered in the main apricot growing provinces (Malatya, Elazig). PCR analyses of the few symptomatic apricots for the presence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum" were negative. Isolates of Armillaria mellea, Cytospora spp., Monilinia laxa, Stigmina carpophila, Chondrostereum purpureum, Fusarium spp., Rosellinia spp., and Phytophthora spp. were identified from symptomatic samples collected from the region.