Browsing by Author "Soygüder, Z"

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Comparison of the Distribution of C-Fos With Primary Afferent Markers
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1999) Soygüder, Z
The neuropeptides Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) were used as markers for peptidergic primary afferent fibres. A lectine, Griffonia simplicifolia (Bandeiraea simplicifolia) Isolectin-B4 (GSA I-B4), was used as a marker for non-peptidergic primary afferent fibres. C-Fos immunoreactivity was determined in the spinal cord of rats which had received 100% mustard oil application in the right hind limb. Darkly labeled c-Fos immunoreactive cells were concentrated in laminae I-IIo of the dorsal horn. SP and GSA I-B4 were distributed almost in the same regions. CGRP was more abundant in laminae I-IIo with some immunoreactive fibres in lamina IIi. These data suggest that a population of peptidergic and non-peptide primary afferents may play an important function in the induction of c-fos by mustard oil.
Dicephalus, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Spinal Dysraphism and Other Associated Anomalies in a Newborn Holstein Calf
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2005) Gülbahar, MY; Yüksel, H; Soygüder, Z; Erçin, ÖF
A case of dicephalus, Arnold-Chiari malformation, spinal dysraphism and other associated defects was described in a newborn Holstein calf. The heads were medially and caudally joined with temporal bones and one common flattened occipital bone respectively. Cranial cavities became narrow dorsoventrally and included elongation of the compressed brains, and caudal displacement and hypoplasia of cerebelli. In the spinal column. variable degrees of dysraphism such as cervico-thoracal diplomyelia with hydromyelia and syringomyelia, lumbar spina bifida with spinal cord agenesis in the region were observed. The calf had also arthrogryposis of hind limbs and cleft palate of both heads.
Expression of Subunits of Ampa-Type (Ionotropic) Glutamate Receptors in the Rat Spinal Cord
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 2002) Nazli, M; Soygüder, Z; Çarhan, A
The distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1-4), considered alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isaxole propionic acid type (AMPA-type), was investigated in the rat spinal cord by immunocytochemistry. Different distributions of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunits were observed in the spinal cord. Immunolabelling with antibodies to both GluR1 and GluR2/3 revealed intensive staining in the dorsal horn, while staining for GluR2/3 and GluR4 revealed dense motor neurones in the ventral horn. These results suggest that in the rat spinal cord AMPA-type glutamate receptors vary in composition according to the region where they are expressed.
Lectin and Neuropeptide Labeling in Whole-Mount Preparation of Meninges in the Rat
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1999) Soygüder, Z
The distribution of both peptidergic and non-peptidergic primary afferents in meninges was investigated in whole-mount preparations from meninges. Lectin Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 (GSA I-B4) was used as a marker for non-peptidergic fibres. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was used as a marker for peptidergic fibers. Lectin Griffonia simplicifolia selectively labeled thin sensory axons that were distributed throughout meninges unrelated to blood vessels. CGRP immunoreactive axons, in contrast, were found to be Very close to vascular patterns. This study demonstrates that lectin-positive fibres are constituted by a fibre population separate from those containing neuropeptides.
Lectin and Peptide Expression in Nodose, Sphenopalatine and Superior Cervical Ganglia of the Rat
(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey, 1999) Soygüder, Z
The presence and distribution of Griffonia Simplicifolia I-B4 (GSA I-B4) and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) were studied in the nodose ganglion (NG) (inferior ganglion of the vagus nerve), sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of the rat. GSA I-B4 labeling was found in all ganglia tested. Neither SPG nor SCG cell bodies stained with CGRP were undetectable. The pattern of the distribution of GSA I-B4 and CGRP labeled cells were quite similar in the nodose ganglion. They were found in the poles of the ganglion with some marginal labeling. Large numbers of GSA I-B4 and CGRP labeled cells were found and the number of labeled cells did not vary considerably between the two markers in this ganglion. GSA I-B4 labeled neurons of the SPG and SCG were fewer in numbers compared with NG. These data demonstrate the presence of a "non-peptide" population of unmyelinated primary afferents in sensory and autonomic ganglia with the lack of CGRP immunoreactivity in the autonomic ganglia. This suggests that the "non-peptide" group of primary afferents are involved in different functional mechanisms than peptidergic afferents.
Multiple Neurotransinitter Receptors Contribute To the Spinal Fos Expression
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2005) Soygüder, Z
The aim of this study is to identify the receptors which could potentially mediate the activation of c-Fos. Therefore, the effects of neurotransmitter receptor agonists in the activation of c-Fos in spinal neurons were studied by intrathecal injection of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor agonists: N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA), (S)-alpha-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), 2-Carboxyl-3-carboxmethyl-4-isopropenylpyMidine (Kainic acid, KA), (1S-3R)-1-Aminocyclopentane-1, 3-dicarboxylacid (ACPD), and substance-P receptor (neurokinin-1) agonist, [Sar(9), Met (O-2)(11)] SP (SarMet-SP). All drugs tested activated the production of c-Fos in spinal dorsal horn neurons. AMPA was found as the most potent agonist tested producing market production of c-Fos particularly in neurons of lamina II at doses of 10 pM per 10-mul injection. At this dose, other agonists were relatively ineffective. At higher doses, AMPA significantly increased the activated cells. NMDA significantly increased c-Fos production to a marked extent only at doses above 10 nM per 10-mul injection. KA and ACPD were least potent of the excitatory amino acid agonists. Injection of SarMet-SP at doses of 1 nM activated Fos selectively in neurons of lamina I. A dose-dependent increase in number of c-Fos-positive cells was observed for AMPA, KA, ACPD, and SarMet-SP, whereas NMDA gave a very strong expression after a high dose with no dose dependency. These finding suggest that multiple neurotransmitter receptors lead to c-Fos production in spinal neurons. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity in Ependymal Cells During Early Postnatal Development
(Elsevier, 2004) Soygüder, Z; Karadag, H; Nazli, M
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity was observed in ependymal cell layer of the central canal of spinal cord of neonatal rats (2-20 days old). Neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was present in postnatal day 2 and this immunoreactivity gradually disappeared by postnatal day 16. The progressive decrease in nNOS staining with the increasing postnatal age may suggest that nNOS staining paralleled the maturation of the central canal and may also suggest that nNOS activity plays a role in the development of the ependymal cells. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nmda and Ampa/Ka Receptors Are Involved in the C-Fos Expression Following Mustard Oil Activation of C-Fibres
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Soygüder, Z
To examine whether mustard oil application to the skin activated c-Fos via glutamate receptors, a competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 3-(2-carboxpiperazin-4-yl)propyl-l-phospionic acid (CPP), a selective AMPA/KA receptor antagonist, 6-cyano-2,3-dihydroxy-7-nitroquinoxaline (CNQX), or both, were used intrathecally 10 min prior to noxious stimulation. Application of mustard oil to left hind foot of the vehicle-injected animals produced c-Fos expression mainly in superficial laminae (laminae I-II) of the dorsal horn on the side ipsilateral to the stimulation. CPP significantly reduced the number of c-Fos-positive nuclei in superficial laminae. But significant reduction of c-Fos expression by CNQX was seen in deeper laminae (laminae III-X). Administration of both CPP and CNQX extensively reduced the number of c-Fos-positive cells in both superficial and deeper laminae. However, they did not greatly change the number of c-Fos-positive cells in lamina I. This experiment revealed that NMDA and AMPA/KA receptors contribute to the mustard oil-induced c-Fos expression in the spinal cord. These data also suggest that other neurotransmitter receptors might be involved in the activation produced by algesic chemical activation of C-fibre primary afferents. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Fos Expression by Mustard Oil
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2005) Soygüder, Z
In the present study, a semi-quantitative analysis of Fos expression by mustard oil was performed. For this purpose, mustard oil was applied to the skin of the right hind foot of Wistar rats at various concentrations: 5%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 80% and 100% in liquid paraffin. The distribution and number of activated Fos-positive cells in the stimulated side (ipsilateral) and contralateral side of the spinal cord were investigated following the application. The ED50 of the response was also determined. The number of Fos-labelled cells gradually increased in a dose dependent manner in both sides of superficial layers (laminae I-II) of the spinal cord with increasing concentration of mustard oil. The increase between the doses was found significant in the ipsilateral superficial layers. The increase was significant in the contralateral superficial layers at concentrations above 50%. Very few Fos-labelled cells were observed around the central canal region in all concentrations. Higher doses of the mustard oil did not increase the number of activated cells in the deeper layers. However, the expression in the deeper layers (laminae III-X) does not show a consistent trend. Also, none of the concentrations used produced labelling in neurons of the deep ventral horn neurons or in motor neurons. Forty percent (40%) of mustard oil gave an approximately 1/2 maximum response i.e. an approximate ED 50. This may be important for studies using intrathecal application of antagonist following the mustard oil activation of skin nerve fibres. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Veins of the Thoracic Limb of the Van Cat
(Wiley, 2003) Özüdogru, Z; Aksoy, G; Soygüder, Z; Özmen, E
The drainage of the thoracic limb of the Van cat was performed by the superficial and deep vein systems. The superficial system was constituted by the cephalic vein and its branches. The deep vein system was constituted by the axillary vein and its branches. The two vein systems anastomosed with each other at various points along their courses. The cephalic vein emerged from the external jugular vein together with the superficial cervical vein. The axillary vein continued the subclavian vein. It ran caudoventrally and gave off the subscapular vein, at the level of the shoulder joint, then gave off two independent branches, which were the external thoracic veins. Then the rest of the vessel continued as the brachial vein. The thoracodorsal vein was formed by the communicate ramus vein which arose between the subscapular vein and the brachial vein. The cranial circumflex humeral vein arose double from the subscapular vein. One of them anastomosed with the deep brachial vein and the other one drained the biceps and the deep pectoral muscles. The cranial interosseous vein arose from the caudal aspects of the brachial vein and passed from the interosseous space of the antebrachium then ran to the lateral aspect of the forearm. The caudal interosseous vein arose from the ulnar vein (in two specimens) and the median vein together with the ulnar vein (in two specimens) or independently from the median vein (in one specimen). Although many similarities were found in the veins of the thoracic limb of the Van cat as compared with the domestic cat, some significant differences were noted in the origin, course, anastomosing and ramification of veins of the thoracic limb.