Browsing by Author "Soyguder, Zafer"

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Calculation of the Lumbosacral Segment Volume of the Spinal Cord in Ducks (Anas) Using the Stereological Method
(Wiley, 2025) Cakmak, Gamze; Soyguder, Zafer
In this study, white and grey matter volume densities of the lumbosacral part of spinal cord in ducks (Anatinae) were investigated by a stereological method. Ten healthy ducks weighing 3-4 kg, regardless of gender, were used as material. Anesthetized animals were perfused with 10% buffered formaldehyde. The lumbosacral parts of the ducks were exposed by dissecting the spinal cords. The lumbosacral section was segmented. Tissue samples from each segment were determined. A total of 12 sections were taken from these tissue samples, each 250th section with a thickness of 5 mu m on the microtome. These sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Photos were taken with an X10 objective. By using Cavalieri's Principle, volume density calculations of both the whole tissue and the white and grey matter were performed separately in each segment of the lumbosacral part of the spinal cord in ducks. Shtereom I program was used for calculations. As a result, the white matter and grey matter volume values of all tissue in the duck lumbosacral segments and their volume fractions with each other were determined and evaluated in the light of the literatures. In this study, when all the volume values of the lumbosacral spinal segment in duck were revealed, it was determined that the volume value increased in the range of LS3 and LS8 segments. The increase in the whole volume value in these segment ranges in ducks gave rise to the idea that the enlargement called intumescentia lumbosacralis may be between these segments.
An Immunohistochemical Study on the Presence of Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms (Nnos, Inos, Enos) in the Spinal Cord and Nodose Ganglion of Rats Receiving Ionising Gamma Radiation To Their Liver
(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2020) Yilmaz, Osman; Soyguder, Zafer; Keles, Omer Faruk; Yaman, Turan; Yener, Zabit; Uyar, Ahmet; Cakir, Tahir
Introduction: This study determined the presence of nitric oxide synthesis isoforms (nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS) in thoracic spinal cord segments and nodose ganglia of rats with gamma-irradiated livers. Material and Methods: Male rats (n = 32) were divided into equal groups A, B, C, and D. In group A, the controls, no radiation was applied, while groups B, C, and D received 10 Gy of ionising gamma radiation. The rats of group B were euthanized at the end of the first day (d1), those of group C on the second day (d2), and those of group D on the third day (d3). The liver, spinal cord segments, and nodose ganglion tissues were dissected and fixed, and the liver sections were examined histopathologically. The other tissues were observed through a light microscope. Results: Regeneration occurred at the end of d3 in hepatocytes which were radiation-damaged at the end of d1 and d2. On d1, some nNOS-positive staining was found in the neuronal cells of laminae I-III of the spinal cord and in neurons of the nodose ganglion, and on d3, some staining was observed in lamina X of the spinal cord, while none of note was in the nodose ganglion. Dense iNOS-positive staining was seen on d1 in the ependymal cells of the spinal cord and in the glial cells of the nodose ganglion, and on d3, there was still considerable iNOS staining in both tissues. There was clear eNOS-positive staining in the capillary endothelial cells of the spinal cord and light diffuse cytoplasmic staining in the neurons of the nodose ganglion on d1, and on d3, intense eNOS-positive staining was visible in several endothelial cells of the spinal cord, while light nuclear staining was recognised in the neurons of the nodose ganglion. Conclusion: The nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS isoforms are activated in the spinal cord and nodose ganglion of rats after ionising radiation insult to the liver.
A Stereological Study on Calculation of Volume Values of the Cervical Spinal Segments in Ducks
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2018) Cakmak, Gamze; Karadag, Huseyin; Soyguder, Zafer; Ragbetli, Murat Cetin; Yildirim, Serkan; Keles, Hacs
In the present study, volume values of the cervical segments in the spinal cords of adult ducks weighing 3-4 kg were investigated. Volume values of the grey matter and white matter in the cervical segment of the spinal cord of the ducks were examined stereologically. Ten ducks (genus Anas) without regarding the sex of the animals. All animals were perfused using 10% formaldehyde. The animals were kept in 10% formaldehyde for 1 week to ensure fixation. The ducks were then dissected. The cervical segments were uncovered by removing the cervical vertebrae. Tissue samples were obtained from each of the cervical spinal segments, and 5-mu m-thick cross-sections were obtained from these samples. Sampling was performed at a ratio of 1/250 to obtain 12 cross-sections from each cervical segment of the animals. These sections were stained using the hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. Photos were taken under a microscope. Volume values of whole tissue, grey matter, and white matter were calculated for each cervical segment of the spinal cord of the ducks. Cavalieri's principle was employed for the calculation. As a result, the vertebral column was used as a guide to identify the cervical segments of the spinal cord. The cervical segments were also obtained by dissection without using a decalcification process. It was determined that the number of segments was 15. When mean volume values of the whole cervical segment of the spinal cord in the ducks were evaluated, the highest mean volume was determined as 4.224 mm(3) in segment C15. The cervical spinal segment with the lowest value of white matter was C7 (0.915 mm(3)). When the volume values of the grey matter of the cervical segments of the ducks were examined, it was determined that segments C14 and C15 had the highest values, calculated as 0.511 mm(3) and 0.513 mm(3), respectively. It was determined that segments C12, C13, C14, and C15 were involved in the cervical enlargement.
A Stereological Study on Lumbosacral Segments of Spinal Cord in the Geese
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Cakmak, Gamze; Soyguder, Zafer
In this study, we aimed to determine the number, volume, and lumbosacral enlargement of the lumbosacral segments using stereology methods. In accordance with the study, 10 adult geese (regardless of sex) which were healthy and weighing 3???4 kg was chosen. After the geese had been perfused with 10% formaldehyde, the lumbosacral parts of their spinal cord were revealed by dissection. After each segment of the lumbosacral section had been separated, tissue samples were obtained from these segments. By means of a microtome, sections of 5-??m thickness were taken from the tissue samples. Then, twelve sections were obtained from a lumbosacral segment of each animal at the ratio of 1/250 sampling. Afterwards, all sections of the lumbosacral segments were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and we took the photographs of preparations under a microscope. As a result, all tissues volume fractions and volume values of white and grey matter sections in each segment of the lumbosacral part of the goose were estimated. In addition, the number of lumbosacral segments and lumbosacral enlargement regions was also revealed.
Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Examination of Pelvic Cavity in Van Cats and Its Morphometric Investigation
(Wiley, 2020) Yilmaz, Osman; Soyguder, Zafer; Yavuz, Alpaslan; Dundar, Ilyas
This study was carried out to determine the morphometric values of the pelvic cavity, the cranial and caudal pelvic aperture by three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the images obtained by computed tomography in adult Van Cats and to show the differences between these indicators in both genders. A total of 16 adult Van Cats, eight male and eight female, were used in the study. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine-xylazine combination and were scanned by computerized tomography. Images of the pelvic cavity were obtained. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the pelvis was performed with three-dimensional modelling program. Measurements of the diameters of the pelvic cavity, the cranial and caudal pelvic aperture were calculated from these images, and statistical analyzes were performed. Three-dimensional modelling of the pelvic cavity of Van Cats were examined between males and females. The results showed that there were significant (p < .05) differences between measurement of the pelvic inclination, the medial transverse diameter, the caudal transverse diameter and the angle between ischiatic arch. In addition, the correlations between age and weight were found statistically significant (p < .05) with the dorsal transverse diameter, the intermediate transverse diameter and the caudal transverse diameter in males. On the other hand, the correlations of age were statistically significant (p < .01) with the cranial pelvic aperture and the caudal pelvic aperture in females. In conclusion, some biometric values of pelvic cavity were observed to be statistically different in Van Cats.