Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi

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Administration of Meloxicam To Cows Experiencing Dystocia Does Not Increase the Incidence of Retained Placenta
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2019) Kunz, F.; Koca, D.; Failing, K.; Wehrend, A.; Sendag, S.
Objective The post partum use of analgesics in cows has increased in consequence to society's increased awareness of animal welfare. However, it is known that the post partum administration of a subset of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to cows may lead to an increased rate of retained placenta. Therefore, the aim of this study was clarify, whether a single administration of meloxicam to cows that experienced dystocia results in an increased rate of this disease. Material and methods The study was conducted in 63 Holstein-Friesian cows in 4 farms with random allocation into 2 groups: In animals of the treatment group (n = 27) a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg) was administered within 2'8 hours after calving. The animals of the control group (n = 36) received the same volume of a bovine infusion solution (Amynin®, bovine infusion solution, Boehringer Ingelheim) subcutaneously. A clinical examination of the cows was performed on the day of parturition and on the 21st day post partum. Findings on the days in between were obtained by questioning of the farmers. The exact Fisher-test was calculated in order to test for statistical differences between the treatment and control groups. Results In cows of the treatment group, retained placenta was not observed more frequently than in cows of the control group. Conclusion and clinical relevance A single administration of meloxicam to cows that experienced dystocia does not increase the incidence of retained placenta. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart - New York.
Comparative Studies on Diagnostic Procedures for Detection of Lesions of the Mucosal Layer of the Bovine Teat
(Georg Thieme verlag Kg, 2005) Sendag, S; Hospes, R; Wehrend, A; Hetzel, U; Failing, K; Bostedt, H
Objective: The aim of the presented study was to compare the diagnostic procedures palpation, sonography and endoscopy for detection of lesions of the inner mucosal layer in bovine teats and to evaluate their diagnostic value. Material and methods: The investigation material involved 436 teats of 109 dairy cows of different breeds which were slaughtered out of different reasons. All teats were examined by palpation, sonography and endoscopy via papillar duct for the presence of teat cistern mucosa lesions. Afterwards teats were opened by longitudinal incision for macroscopic evaluation. Tissue samples of obvious lesions were taken and prepared for histopathological examination. Based on the results of macroscopic and histopathological investigations the results of the different diagnostic procedures were compared. Results: In 38 cases (8.7%) remarkable findings were present in the macroscopic investigation, which had only been detected without exception by endoscopy via teat canal. Both other diagnostic methods dropped in their results in contrast to this clearly. Endoscopy (p <= 0.001) and sonography (p <= 0.0001) proved to be of significant higher diagnostic impact than palpation. A significant difference between the results of endoscopy and sonography could not be detected (p >= 0.05). Histopathological findings reflected the results of the palpatoric, sonographic and endoscopic investigation in a high amount. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Alterations of the teat cistern mucosa of dairy cows are insufficiently detected by use of classical clinical method palpation. Imaging diagnostic procedures (sonography/endoscopy) extend the diagnostic spectrum substantially. Sonography is usually sufficient when lesions are located in the teat cistern. However, in case of alterations at the inner orifice of the papillar duct or the papillar duct itself an additional endoscopic examination is recommended for definition of a suitable therapy method.
Comparison of Different Resuscitation Methods for Newborn Calves After Dystocia
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023) Homberg, J.; Sendag, S.; Koca, D.; Cetin, N.; Wehrend, A.
Objective This study aimed to compare the use of hand-powered vacuum pumps and the suspension by the hind legs within the scope of resuscitating newborn dystocial calves. Material and methods For this study, data were collected from 60 dystocial calves of different breeds. Various reanimation methods were employed to these calves immediately after birth. In group I (n=20), the hand-powered vacuum pump from HK-Rheintechnik (Neuwied, Deutschland) was used to remove mucus and amniotic fluid from the respiratory tract. In group II (n=20), the McCulloch Medical (Elmwood, England) hand-powered vacuum pump was used to remove mucus and amniotic fluid from the respiratory tract. In group III (n=20) 10 to 12 liters of cold water were poured over the neck of 20 calves immediately after birth. In addition, the calves were suspended by the hind legs via a gate or a pole, so that the head hung downwards vertically. The calves' Time to Sternal Recumbency (T-SR) of the calves was measured following the different resuscitation procedures in order to assess their vitality. In addition, the calves were examined segmentally at one-hour post natum. Furthermore, the calves were examined clinically on the seventh day of life. In addition, we investigated whether confounding variables such as calf sex, dam parity, obstetric intervention, and the season affected T-SR. Results T-SR ranged from 1.5 to 10.5 minutes. There was no difference between the three initial treatment procedures (p=0.07). However, the T-SR of calves treated with a hand-powered vacuum pump tended to be shorter. No statistically significant difference between the pulse rates (p=0.73), respiratory rates (p=0.13), and rectal temperature (p=0.65) of the animals in the three groups on the first and seventh day of life was evident. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of the diseases up to the seventh day of life between the individual study groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance The present study was able to show that the use of hand-powered vacuum pumps is at least equivalent to suspending calves. When using hand-powered vacuum pumps, the girth of the muzzle must be taken into account, as this can limit their utility. © 2023 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
Correlations Between Gestation Period and Age, Body Weight and Litter Size in Van Cats
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2009) Sendag, Sait; Alan, Muhammet; Eski, Funda; Goericke-Pesch, Sandra; Wehrend, Axel
The gestation period in Van cats is between 54 and 68 days, with high individual differences. Because of this variability, the date of birth cannot be predicted precisely, while the factors influencing the gestation period in Van cats have not been examined previously. The aim of this first study was to evaluate the influence of age, body weight of the dams and the litter size on the gestation period in Van cats. 28 Van cats aged one to nine years were used for this study. The body weight of the cats in the oestrus at the beginning of the study varied between 2.1-4.1 kg (3.1 +/- 0.6 Kg). The time from first mating until birth was regarded as being the gestation period. Correlations were determined between the duration of pregnancy and the age and body weight of the females as well as litter size. The mean duration of pregnancy in all 28 Van cats was 63.6 +/- 3.6 days (min. 54 days, max. 68 days) with a mean litter size of 3.4 +/- 1.3 kittens (min. 1, max. 6). No correlations could be found between the factors examined meaning that the duration of pregnancy does not depend on the age or body weight of the dams or on the litter size. It must be concluded that other factors may cause this high variability of pregnancy duration in Van cats and these still need to be investigated.
The Effects of Levamisole Poisoning on the Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Dogs
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2004) Gokce, HI; Gunes, V; Erdogan, HM; Citil, M; Akca, A; Yuksek, N
This study was designed to evaluate possible organ and system disorders associated with experimentally induced levamisole. poisoning in dogs. For this purpose, twelve clinically healthy dogs of different ages, sexes and breeds were used. They were divided into two equal groups (Group A and Group B) and given levamisole orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for three days. The dogs in, Group B were also injected with atropin sulphate (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously (sc) 1 hour after each administration of levamisole. Routine clinical examinations were made and some haematological, biochemical and blood gas parameters were established at various times after administration of levamisole. The dogs in Group A developed severe neurological signs, gastric haemorrhage, bloody vomiting, colic, anaemia and four dogs died. In Group B these signs were mild and only one dog died. Levamisole poisoning was characterised by a significant reduction in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and by anaemia. Peripheral blood pH, actual bicarbonate of plasma (HCO3), actual base excess (BE), partial pressure of oxygen (pO(2)) and saturated oxygen (O(2)SA-O increased in both groups of animals and these dogs developed metabolic alkalosis 48 hours after the first administration of levamisole. The results of the study also show that levamisole poisoning in dogs causes a significant increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and in the concentration of urea in both Group A and Group B. In the study, atropin sulphate reduced the severity of the clinical signs and the number of deaths, but it was not alone sufficient to remedy levamisole poisoning in dogs.
The Efficacy of Cloxacillin and Micanfin in Multifactorial Conjunctivitis Treatment in Van Cats
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2003) Akkan, HA; Ilhan, Z; Karaca, M; Tütüncü, M; Gençcelep, M; Gülhan, T
This study was performed on 121 Van Cats at the Van Cat Research Center of the Yucuncu YiI University. Out, of 121 cats 20 showed an uni- or bilateral conjunctivitis. The animals were of both sex aging between 1-9 years. The following symptoms were observed in 20 cats with conjunctivitis: serous or seromucous lacrimation, hyperemia and oedema in the conjunctiva and desquamation around their eyes. Hair samples together with hair follicules were taken from comissura medialis and used for bacteriologial and fungal culture. After cultivation, Staphylococcus spp. in 19 cats, Streptococcus spp. in 7 cats and Microsporum spp. in 2 cats were isolated. All the bacteria detected were sensitivite to cloxacillin and to some other antibiotics according to the antibiogram. Cloxacillin (Optidox opht. pom., Sanovel) was applied to both eyes of the all 20 cats. After drug application, 18 cats out of 20 (90%) showed recovery signs starting from 24 hours to 72 hours. However, clinical signs in two cats (10 %) had not disappeared at all. 1.72 hours after drug application, hair samples were taken again for bacteriological analysis. With the exception of these two samples collected from the cats with no clinical improvement, the other 18 samples did not show any bacterial growth. The 2 cats recovered after a second cloxacillin application. The conjunctivitis symptoms disappeared and bacteriological tests made 144 hours after the treatment were negative. After bacteriological elimination, the vaccine Micanfin (Micanfin flk. BioVeta) against Microsporum canis was injected intra-muscularly twice at 14 days intervals. Allergic reactions were not observed on the cats after vaccination. Fungal agents couldn't also be detected 25 and 40 days after vaccination. As a result; cloxacillin was an effective antibiotic in the conjunctivitis caused by Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. and Micanfin can safely be used in Van cats without any side effect.
Eradication of Insect Pests by Several Species of Songbirds in a Mixed Pine/Oak Forest Near Ankara, Turkey
(Springer Heidelberg, 2002) Kiziroglu, I; Turan, L; Erdogan, A; Adizel, Ö; Pamukoglu, N
Analysis of nestling food in four species of Parus and one species of Ficedula using the 'Halsringmethode' showed a high quota of adults and caterpillars of the important forest pests: Tortrix viridana, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Diprion pini, and Lymantria dispar . These four major pest species amounted in the nestling food of Parus major to 50 %, P. coeruleus to 52.6 %, P. ater to 40.9 %, and Ficedula hypoleuca to 30.2 %.
Follow-Up Ultrasonographic Examinations in Pregnant Bitches - Evaluation of Frequency and Significance of Embryo Resorption
(Schattauer GmbH, 2010) Sendag, S.; Dinc, D.A.; Celi, H.A.; Aydin, I.; Wehrend, A.
Objective: Follow-up ultrasonographic examinations in pregnant bitches to evaluate frequency and significance of embryo resorption. Material and methods: In 39 Kangal bitches the number of gestational sacs was measured and vitality of embryos/fetuses was evaluated by real time ultrasonography daily from the 15th till the last day of gestation. Results: Five bitches (12.8%) showed embryonic resorption and one of these bitches exhibited a complete resorption. Fetal death could be observed in four females and was related to a total loss of the litter. After the first evidence of embryonic death gestational sacs remained detectable for 8.6 ± 0.5 days.The number of embryos of bitches with (10.8 ± 1.8) or without embryo resorption (8.2 ±2.1) was statistically significantly different (p < 0.05). On the other hand there was no statistically significant difference within the number of embryos of bitches suffering fetal death and bitches without embryo resorption (8.2 ± 2.1 ) (p > 0.05). A relationship between litter size and gestational length could not be verified (r = 0.15; p > 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: Due to these results the hypothesis is postulated that embryonic resorption is a kind of protective mechanism of the maternal organism against too large litter sizes. © Schattauer 2010.
Knowledge About Anaphylaxis and Using Auto-Injectable Adrenaline Among Physicians
(Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle, 2005) Onbasi, K.; Onbasi, O.; Sahin, I.
Background: Physicians must possess knowledge of optimal acute management of anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions. Early and appropriate therapy is important. Recurrences may be prevented with education of patients, and using auto-injectable adrenaline may be life-saving. The purpose of the study was to assess physicians knowledge and attitude about these life-threatening events. Methods: A total number of randomly selected 93 physicians were asked to fulfill a questionnaire. A scenario about a patient developing life-threatening symptoms after receiving naproxen sodium tablet was described. The questionnaire consisted of basic treatment procedures about anaphylaxis and about the usage of auto-injectable adrenaline. Results: Only 50.5% of the physicians in our study answered that they would treat their patients with adrenaline in the case of anaphylaxis. Further evaluation revealed that only 23 of the 93 physicians (24.7%) knew the correct dose, correct form and the correct administration route. 89.2% of physicians did not know how to use an adrenaline auto-injector and 95.7% did never prescribe this device. Conclusion: Physicians knowledge about anaphylaxis/anaphylactic reactions in Turkey is not sufficient. Regular training courses should be advised. © 2005 Dustri-Verlag Dr. Karl Feistle.
Modernısmus Und Entfremdung In Den Erzahlungen Von Arthur Schnıtzler, Franz Kafka, R. Marıa Rılke Und Walter Benjamın
(2013) Demir, Nurgül; Uzağan, Abdulkerim
Bu çalışmada yabancılaşma kavramının modernizimle ilişkisi ve bu kavramın Alman Edebiyatında çeşitli yazarlar tarafından konu edilmesi ele alınmıştır. Modernizmin sonucu olarak yabancılaşma sosyal bilimler ve kültürbilimde önemli bir yere sahip olduğu gibi edebiyatta da büyük öneme sahiptir. Bireyin kendine, içinde yaşadığı zamana ve doğasına yabancılaşması yeni bir düzenin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu düzende birey, doğanın efendisi değil; kölesi konumuna düşmüştür. Bu çağda gerçekleşen politik, sosyolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal değişimler Alman Edebiyatında çeşitli yazarlar tarafından ele alınmıştır, eserlerine konu edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada yabancılaşma temasına örnek olarak Arthur Schnitzler?in ?Reichtum?, Franz Kafka?nın ?Die Prüfung?, R. Maria Rilke?nin ?Ein Charakter? ve Walter Benjamim?in ?Das Telefon? eserleri analiz edilmiştir. Giriş bölümünde, çalışmanın amacı ve metodu hakkında bilgi verilerek yukarıda adı geçen yazarların yaşadıkları dönemdeki gelişmeleri, değişimleri yakından gözlemledikleri ve bunları eserlerine yansıtmalarından söz edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde, yabancılaşma ve modernizm konuları kavram ve anlam açısından ele alınmış, edebiyatta ele alınışından bahsedilmiştir. Bu zamanın sonucu olarak yabancılaşma modernizmle yakından ilişkilidir. Üçüncü bölümde, adı geçen yazarların hayatları ve eserleri anlatılmış yaşadıkları dönemle ilişkilendirilerek yabancılaşma konusunun ortak temaları olduğundan bahsedilmiştir. Dördüncü bölümde, adı geçen yazarların eserleri modernizm ve yabancılaşma bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yabancılaşma kavramı bireyin yaşamını değiştirmiş, kişinin kendi benliğine ve çevresine yabancılaşmasına neden olmuştur. Bu kavram farklı disiplinlerde ele alındığı gibi edebiyat alanında da incelenmiştir. Konuya ilişkin Alman Edebiyatından seçilen örnek yazarlar; ?Reichtum? eseriyle Arthur Schnitzler, ?Die Prüfung? eseriyle Franz Kafka, ?Ein Charakter? eseriyle R. Maria Rilke ve ?Das Telefon? eseriyle Walter Benjamin?dir.
Short Communication: Ultrasonographic Examination of the Abomasal Position in Dairy Cows During the Peripartal Period
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2005) Sendag, S; Seeger, T; Wehrend, A
The objective of this study was to document the abomasal position during the peripartal period by ultrasonographic measurement to get more data about the topographic dynamic. In 12 dairy cows the abomasal position was measured daily from the 5(th) day before calving up to the 5(th) day after calving by a transabdominal ultrasonographic examination (5 MHz convex transducer). The abomasal position was described by means of 3 measured distances: (a) the distance between the cranial margin of the abomasum and the Aphoid cartilage, (b) the distance between the right margin of the abomasum and the median line and (c) the distance between the left margin of the abomasum and the median line. Prepartal the abomasal position was different from the position during the postpartal period. Its position was more cranially (p < 0.05) and more right laterally (p, < 0.05). The left margin was not detectable at the left side of the mid-line ante partum. Directly after calving the left margin of the abomasum was found left of the linea alba (p < 0.05). These results show that there is a great influence of the gravid uterus on the abomasal position. The abomasum is positioned more cranially and more right lateral during the end of pregnancy. This position changes immediately after calving.
Studies Into Determination of Urinary Ph in Dairy Cows. Aspects of the Method and Suitability of the Ph Intra Partum for the Prospective Prediction of Calcium and Phosphate Concentrations in the Plasma Postpartum
(Georg Thieme verlag Kg, 2005) Sendag, S; Hollenhorst, M; Wehrend, A
Objective: The aim was to investigate if refrigeration, storage and time of day influence the results of urinary pH determination in dairy cows. Additionally it should be examined whether the urinary pH intra partum can provide information on the current calcium and phosphate concentrations in blood and on the second day post partum. Material and methods: Experiment 1: Catheter urine was collected from 10 lactating cows and divided into three fractions stored at different temperatures (room temperature; 8 degrees C; -20 degrees C). The pH of all fractions was measured directly after collection and two, six, 12 and 24 hours later. Experiment 2: Catheter urine was collected from 13 lactating cows at 8:00, 12:00 and 16:00 hour, in three cows also at 20:00, 24:00 and 4:00 hour and urinary pH was determined immediately. Experiment 3: In 12 cows with dystocia during the obstetric examination as well as two days later urinary pH plasma concentrations of ionized calcium and inorganic phosphate were measured. Results: Experiment 1: Temperature and duration of storage significantly influenced urinary pH. There was a significant difference between the measured values immediately after urine collection and the later times (p < 0.000). Experiment 2: The time of day showed a significant influence on urinary pH. Values at 24:00 hour significantly differed from those at 8:00 (p = 0.001), 12:00 (p = 0.004) and 16:00 hour (p = 0.005). Experiment 3: Determination of urinary pH intra partum does not allow any conclusions with regard to current calcium and phosphate concentrations in plasma and with these parameters two days post partum. Clinical relevance: All together the median differences of the urinary pH - stored at various temperatures and different periods of time or collected at different times of day - were small, but differed statistically significant in some cases.
Study About the Occurrence of Visible Signs of Approaching Parturition in Suckler Cows and Heifers: Changes of the Udder
(M H Schaper Gmbh Co Kg, 2008) Sendag, S.; Hofmann, E.; Wehrend, A.
The objective of this study was to examine if changes to the mammary gland are suitable for determining the precise time of parturition in suckler cows. The following parameters were examined in a total of 105 animals (heifers: 10, Simmental; cows: 95 - Simmental: 68; Simmental x Limousin: 27) every eight hours during the last seven days ante partum: mammary development, mammary edema and fore udder edema. Development of the udder and the number of animals with udder and fore udder edema increased with approaching parturition (p < 0.001). However, only 5.7 % of the animals had a completely developed udder with shiny teats filled with milk eight hours before parturition, whereas the teats of 32.4 % of the animals were not yet filled with milk at this time. 86.7% of the animals had an udder edema and 12.4 % of the animals had edema of the fore udder. The fore udder edema was observed in 50 % of the heifers and in 10.3 % of the cows. This difference is statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). No influence of the breed was detected on any of the three parameters. Changes of the mammary gland in cows are therefore not suitable for fixing the time of parturition precisely within the last seven days ante partum.
Ultrasonic Determination of Fetal Sex in Ewes Under Field Conditions by a Single Investigation
(Schattauer GmbH, 2007) Şendag, S.; Çelik, H.A.; Aydin, I.; Dinç, D.A.; Wehrend, A.; Gürkan, M.
Objective: Ultrasonic determination of fetal sex in ewes under field conditions by a single examination. Material and methods: Accuracy of transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic determination of fetal sex was examined in 210 ewes with singletons or twins between the 40th to 90th day post mating. Examinations were conducted under field conditions by ultrasonography with a linear-array 5 MHz transducer. Day 1 was the first day after mating. Single transrectal and transabdominal ultrasound examinations were performed in standing position of the sheep. Fetal sex determination was performed on days 40 to 49 (group I), days 50 to 59 (group II), days 60 to 69 (group III), days 70 to 79 (group IV) and days 80 to 90 (group V). Definite diagnoses were made after lambing. Results: The accuracy was 0% in group I (0/42), 40.0% in group II (13/42), 33.3% in group III (14/42), 64.2% in group IV (27/42) and 47.6% in group V (20/42). The differences between groups IV and V to groups I to III were significant (p < 0.05). The accuracy of fetal sex diagnosis was also influenced by singletons or twins (p < 0.05). Conclusion and clinical relevance: The results show that a single ultrasonographic examination is not a proper method for determination of fetal sex in sheep under field conditions.
Vulvahypoplasia in an Alpaca Cria - First Case Report in Germany
(Schattauer GmbH, 2012) Schünemann, M.; Böhm, J.; Sendag, S.; Wehrend, A.
This is the first German case report of an alpaca cria suffering from a congenital vulvahypoplasia. Symptoms, diagnostics and therapy are described. The 24-hours-old cria was referred to the hospital due to reduced general condition and colic. The existent vulvahypoplasia led to impaired urination, causing further complications such as urovagina and urinary stasis up to the renal pelvis. Surgical construction of the rima vulvae cured the cria. As indicated by several cases published on the clinical picture of vulvahypoplasia during recent years, this con - genital deformation could become an increasing problem in the alpaca population. © Schattauer 2012.
W. V. Humboldt ve W. V. Un Dil Anlayışı
(2012) Karakurt, Necdet; Uzağan, Abdulkerim
Wilhelm v.Humboldt ve W v. Wundt'un Dil Anlayışı konulu yüksek lisans teziDilbilim alanının bilinenin aksine farklı bir bakış açısıyla ele alınmıştır. Völkerpsy- chologie adlı eseriyle tanınan ve Almanya'da ilk psikoloji okulunu kuran ünlü Psikolog ve Dilbilimci W.v.Wundt ve yine Kawisprache adlı çalışmasıyla tanınan ünlü dilbilimci W.v.Humboldt'un dilbilimine bakış açıları Psikoloji odaklı ele alınmıştırÖzellikle W.v.Wundt'un beden dilinin(?Gebardensprache, Körpersprache?) dilbilimine yansımaları ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. W.v.Humboldt'un Kawisprache adlı çalışmasında da yine benzer özellikler bakımından incelenmiştir. Ve neticede her iki dil bilimcinin ortak ve farklı yönleri karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Bu tez çalışması, dilbilim alanı ile ilgilenen her kesimden eğitimci, araştırmacı ve öğrenciler için kaynak olabilecek bir çalışmadır.Anahtar SözcüklerDilbilim, Psikoloji, Teoriler

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