Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi

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2-Phenyl Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Activities
(Springer Birkhauser, 2022) Ersan, Ronak Haj; Kuzu, Burak; Yetkin, Derya; Alagoz, Mehmet Abdullah; Dogen, Aylin; Burmaoglu, Serdar; Algul, Oztekin
The inability to meet the desired outcomes of anticancer treatment and decrease in treatment success of bacterial and fungal infections accelerated research in these areas. Our research group has conducted numerous studies, especially on benzimidazole ring systems' antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. In this study, the antiproliferative activity of benzimidazole compounds was tested against A549, A498, HeLa, A375, and HepG2 cancer cell lines by MTT assay. All compounds exhibited good to potent antiproliferative activity against all tested cancer cell lines. Compounds 6-chloro-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole (30) and 6-chloro-2-phenethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (46) were especially active against HeLa and A375 cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.02-0.04 mu M. In contrast, compounds 6-chloro-2-((p-tolyloxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole (67) and 5(6)-chloro-2-((4-hydroxyphenoxy)methyl)-1H-benzimidazole (68) were active against A549 and A498 cancer cell lines with an IC50 value of 0.08 mu M. These compounds (30, 46, 67, and 68) were less toxic to normal human cells than the positive control compound methotrexate, which was screened to determine its toxicity against normal cell lines (HEK293). In the second part of the study, all compounds were tested to demonstrate their antimicrobial properties. All compounds exhibited moderate activity against all tested bacteria and fungi. However, some phenoxy methyl derivatives 5-chloro-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (69) and 5,6-dichloro-2-((4-chlorophenoxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d] imidazole and (74) were most active against Candida (<3.90 mu g/mL). Molecular docking studies were carried out against certain proteins in order to identify potential targets of the antiproliferative effects of the synthesized compounds. The docking scores of the compounds were found to be significantly compatible with the antiproliferative activity results. [GRAPHICS] .
2x2 Tablolarında Bazı Örnek Genişlikleri ve I. Tip Hata Seviyeleri ($\\alpha$ ) için Kappa (K) İstatistiğine Ait Ampirik Olarak Gerçekleşen Kritik Değerler
(2004) Keskin, Sıddık
Kappa istatistiği, iki yönlü tablolarda uyum ölçüsü olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2x2 tablolarında, bazı $\\alpha$ (l. Tip hata) değerleri için yaygın olarak karşılaşılan örnek genişliklerine göre Kappa istatistiğinin kritik tablo değerlerinin elde edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, simülasyon metodu ile kesikli dağılım gösteren populasyondan örnek genişliği 6 ile 300'arasında değişen'J örnekler alınmıştır. Bu örneklerden 1.000.000 (bir milyon) simülasyon denemesi sonucunda, başlangıçta kararlaştırılan l. Tip hata; $\\alpha$ = 0.25, 0.20, 0.10, 0.05 ve 0.01 olduğunda, Kappa istatistiği için ampirik olarak gerçekleşen kritik değerler edilmiştir.
3-Acrylamidopropyl Cationic Hydrogel Modified Graphite Electrode and Its Superior Sensitivity To Hydrogen Peroxide
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2019) Caglar, Aykut; Kazici, Hilal Celik; Alpaslan, Duygu; Yilmaz, Yonca; Kivrak, Hilal; Aktas, Nahit
A highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor is fabricated by the synthesized 3-Acrylamidopropyl-trimethylammoniumchloride (p(APTMACl)) hydrogel to covered of pen- graphite (PG) electrodes. (p(APTMACl))-PG electrode is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrochemical properties of these sensors are investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV behavior of (p(APTMACl))-PG electrode is investigated in 0.1M PBS (pH 7, 5mm diameter of mold). The developed sensor displays significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity through the H2O2 detection. Linear response of the sensor to H2O2 were observed in the concentration range from 0 to 130 mu M (R-2 = 0.99) with a detection limit of 1.08x10(-6) M, quantification limit of 3.62x10(-6) M (S/N=3) and sensitivity of 2375 mu A/mMcm(2). In addition, interference studies reveal that (p(APTMACl))-PG electrode is not affected by ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), and dopamine which are common interfering species. The developed sensor is also successfully applied to detect H2O2 in real commercial samples. This study describes a novel strategy to sensing characteristics to hydrogen peroxide by p(APTMACl)-PG electrode.
The 3-D Strain Patterns in Turkey Using Geodetic Velocity Fields From the Rtk-Cors (Tr) Network
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Kutoglu, Hakan Senol; Toker, Mustafa; Mekik, Cetin
This study presents our use of GPS data to obtain and quantify the full continuous strain tensor using a 3D velocity field in Turkey. In this study, GPS velocities improve the estimation of short-term strain tensor fields for determining the seismic hazard of Turkey. The tensorial analysis presents different aspects of deformation, such as the normal and shear strains, including their directions, the compressional and extensional strains. This analysis is appropriate for the characterizing the state of the current seismic deformation. GPS velocity data from continuous measurements (2009-2012) to estimate deformations were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK software. Using high-rate GPS data from permanent 146 GNSS stations (RTK-CORS-TR network), the strain distribution was determined and interpolated using a biharmonic spline technique. We show the strain field patterns within axial and plane form at several critical locations, and discuss these results within the context of the seismic and tectonic deformation of Turkey. We conclude that the knowledge of the crustal strain patterns provides important information on the location of the main faults and strain accumulation for the hazard assessment. The results show an agreement between the seismic and tectonic strains confirming that there are active crustal deformations in Turkey. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The 3-D Strain Patterns in Turkey Using Geodetic Velocity Fields From the Rtk-Cors (Tr) Network (Vol 115, Pg 246, 2016)
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2016) Kutoglu, Hakan Senol; Toker, Mustafa; Mekik, Cetin
3-Mcpd and Glycidol Levels in Edible Oils and Fats Obtained From Local Markets in Turkiye
(Consejo Superior investigaciones Cientificas-csic, 2023) Gunduz, A. O.; Ceylan, M. M.; Basturk, A.
In this study, it was aimed to determine the 3-MCPD and glycidol levels in 9 types (46 brands) of edible fat and oil offered for sale in markets located in Turkiye. 3-MCPD and glycidol levels were determined by making some modifications to the DGF C VI 18 (10) method. The highest levels of 3-MCPD and glycidol levels were detected in hazelnut oils, riviera olive oils, margarines, and shortenings. As expected, these contaminants were not observed in extra-virgin olive oils, while they were detected at low levels in fish oils. The highest 3-MCPD levels were found in the range of 0.06-2.12 mg & BULL;kg-1 in hazelnut oil, 0.16-1.69 mg & BULL;kg-1 in riviera olive oils, and 0.17-1.17 mg & BULL;kg-1 in margarines. The highest glycidol levels were found in the shortenings in the range of 1.98-6.46 mg & BULL;kg-1, followed by hazelnut oil (0.54-2.63 mg & BULL;kg-1) and riviera olive oil (0.19-3.53 mg & BULL;kg-1).
3d-2d Microleakage Assessment of Preheated Bulk-Fill Composite Resin Applied With Different Parameters: a Micro-Ct Analysis
(Springer, 2023) Can, Dilber Bilgili; Ozarslan, Merve
This study evaluated microleakage from class II cavities filled with bulk-fill composite preheated to different temperatures, applied at different thicknesses, and with different polymerization modes. A total of 60 mesio-occlusal cavity were drilled into the extracted human third molars at 2 mm and 4 mm thickness. Preheated bulk-fill composite resin (Viscalor; VOCO, Germany) was applied to the cavities at 68 degrees C and 37 degrees C after the adhesive resin was applied, and cured using standard and high-power light-curing modes of a VALO light-curing unit. An incrementally applied microhybrid composite was used as the control. The teeth were subjected to 2000 cycles of heating to 55 degrees C and cooling to 5 degrees C with a 30-s hold time. Then, they were immersed in a 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h and scanned with micro-computed tomography. Scanned data were processed using the CTAn software. Two (2D) and three (3D) dimensional analyses of leached silver nitrate were performed. The data's normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test before comparisons using a three-way analysis of variance. In both 2D and 3D analysis, bulk-fill composite resin preheated to 68 degrees C and applied at 2 mm thickness showed less microleakage. In the 3D analysis, restorations applied at 37 degrees C and 4 mm thickness in high-power mode showed significantly higher values (p < 0.001). Preheated bulk-fill composite resin can be applied at 68 degrees C and effectively cured at both 2 mm and 4 mm thickness.
6-Methylthiouracil and 6-Methyluracil Derivatives Synthesized by Reaction of Acetylketene With Thiourea and Urea Compounds in Presence of Yb(Tfa)3
(Taylor & Francis inc, 2023) Aslanoglu, Furgan; Yazici, Ahmet
Thiouracil and uracil derivatives are among the bioactive molecules used in the treatment of many diseases, such as 6-propylthiouracil and 5-fluorouracil. A new synthesis method of 6-methylthiouracil and 6-methyluracil was developed in this study. Various 6-methylthiouracil and 6-methyluracil derivatives were obtained by reacting 2,2,6-trimethyl-4H-1,3-dioxin-4-one with thiourea and urea compounds in the presence of Yb(TFA)(3) according to this new method. Optimization of this new method was performed. The structures of 6-methylthiouracil and 6-methyluracil derivatives were characterized.
Ab Initio Calculations of Structural, Electronic, Elastic, Optical, and Dynamical Properties of Half-Heusler Lisib Compound
(Springer, 2022) Akyuz, Gonul Bilgec; Dogan, Emel Kilit; Yurdasan, Nazli Boz; Tunali, Aylin Yildiz; Gulebaglan, Sinem Erden
Structural, electrical, elastic, optical, and dynamical properties of LiSiB half-Heusler compound were analyzed based on density functional theory implemented in Quantum Espresso and ABINIT package programs. The effects of exchange-correlation interactions are handled by the generalized gradient approximation with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof parametrization. Firstly, the structure of this half-Heusler compound has been optimized and our results indicate that LiSiB reveals semiconducting behavior with an indirect band gap of 0.21 eV. The elastic constants, and other elastic modules have been computed. The mechanical stabilities of these alloys have been theoretically confirmed. The phonon dispersion spectra and phonon density of states in the Brillouin zone have been obtained and discussed. Also, the optical properties were calculated, and the results showed that the LiSiB alloy has a strong optical transition and the LiSiB crystal could be used in the design of optoelectronic devices. There are no results found on elastic, optical, and phonon features of LiSiB in the literature; hence, the findings reported here shed light on future studies.
Ab Initio Investigation of the Structural, Electronic and Optical Properties of Cubic Gaas1-X P X Ternary Alloys Under Hydrostatic Pressure
(Springer, 2015) Moussa, R.; Abdiche, A.; Abbar, B.; Guemou, M.; Riane, R.; Murtaza, G.; Soyalp, F.
The structural, electronic and optical properties of the GaAs1-x P (x) ternary alloys together with their binary GaP and GaAs compounds were investigated in the zinc-blende (ZB) phase using the density functional theory. The lattice constant of the GaAs compound decreases while its bulk modulus increases when the doping concentration of the P dopant is increased. In addition, both parameters (lattice constant and bulk modulus) show small deviations from the linear concentration dependence. The energy band gap of the GaAs compound is of the direct nature, which increases with the increase in the P dopant concentration, whereas at higher P dopant concentration, the band gap shifts from direct to indirect character. On the other hand, the hydrostatic pressure has a significant effect on the band structure of the investigated compounds where the binary GaAs compound changes from a direct band gap semiconductor to an indirect band gap semiconductor at P a parts per thousand yen 5 GPa. Furthermore, the pressure-dependence of the optical properties of the GaAs, GaP and GaAs0.75P0.25 alloy were also investigated, where the calculated zero frequency refractive index and the dielectric function are also compared with the experimental results as well as with different empirical models.
Ab Initio Investigations of Phonons and Thermodynamic Properties of Sczn and Yzn in the B2 Structure
(Elsevier, 2013) Soyalp, F.; Yavuz, M.; Yalcin, Z.
We have performed an ab initio investigation of structural, elastic, electronic, lattice dynamical, and thermodynamic properties of ScZn and YZn in B2 structure. The calculations was conducted within the density functional theory and linear response theory using the pseudopotentials and a plane wave basis set. The completely minimized structural parameters and elastic constants of ScZn and YZn compounds are in excellent agreement with previous theoretical and experimental data. The calculated phonon dispersion relations for YZn concur very well with experimental data available for main symmetry directions. Through the full quasi harmonic model, in which the phononic effects considered, the thermodynamic properties such as temperature dependence of the isothermal and adiabatic bulk modulus, thermal expansion coefficients, heat capacities, entropy and free energy have been successfully calculated in the whole temperature range from 0 to 1000 K. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Abdominal Complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt in Pediatric Patients: Experiences of a Pediatric Surgery Clinic
(Elsevier Science inc, 2018) Burhan, Beger; Serdar, Kizilyildiz Baran; Abdurrahman, Aycan; Edip, Akyol Mehmet; Ebuzer, Duz
Objective: To relate the experiences of a pediatric surgery clinic in diagnosis and treatment of abdominal complications related to ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) in pediatric patients who had VPSs implanted to treat hydrocephalus. METHODS: Patients admitted to the Pediatric Surgery Department of Van Yuzunciyil University Faculty of Medicine between April 2013 and December 2017 who had VPSs implanted and subsequently developed abdominal complications were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic information, surgery dates, time intervals between surgery and development of abdominal complication, complication types and applied treatments, and follow-up durations were recorded. RESULTS: There were 16 patients (6 girls, 10 boys) with a mean age of 3 years (range, 1 month to 8 years) reviewed. Complications following VPS implantation included abdominal pseudocyst, anal protrusion, volvulus, peritonitis, abdominal distention, and herniation. Complications were treated successfully with contemporary surgical methods. No issues during long-term postoperative follow-up were identified. CONCLUSIONS: VPS implantation can result in abdominal complications with a wide range of clinical presentations. Predicting which abdominal complications might occur in children with VPSs can be lifesaving with early diagnosis and treatment.
Abdominal Malignant Mesothelioma in a Mouse
(Australian veterinary Assn, 2002) Yener, Z; Karaca, T; Yuksel, H
Abnormal Liver Function Test in Hydatidiform Moles: a Retrospective Study Comparing the Hyperthyroid State and the Euthyroid State
(informa Healthcare, 2014) Kucukoglu, Mehmet Emin; Dulger, Ahmet Cumhur; Aslan, Mehmet; Olmez, Sehmus; Guler, Ayse; Aldemir, Mehmet Naci; Demirkiran, Davut
Introduction: The effect of a hyperthyroid or euthyroid state on liver function tests in patients with hydatidiform moles (HM) is not known. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hyperthyroidism on liver transaminases in HM. Patients and methods: We retrospectively reviewed aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 80 patients with HM (23 complete moles and 57 partial moles). Results: Of the 80 HM patients, 52 (65%) were euthyroid and 28 (35%) were hyperthyroid. The number of gravida and the levels of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), AST, and ALT were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid state than in the euthyroid state (p = 0.033, p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001; respectively). Number of gravida, serum TSH and total T4 were significantly higher in complete HM than partial HM (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.05; respectively). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that HM-related beta-HCG may activate thyroid cells via TSH-related signalling, resulting in the release of high levels of FT4, FT3, TT3 and TT4, and a subsequent decrease in TSH.
Absence of Frontal Sinus in Turkish Individuals
(Yonsei University College of Medicine, 2003) Aydinlioǧlu, A.; Kavakli, A.; Erdem, S.
The frontal sinus has been used for personal identification since the early part of the 20th century as a result of its tremendous interindividual variation. The frontal sinus is present in approximately 90% of adults. However, some populations have a higher proportion of people without a frontal sinus. This study investigated the frequency of the absence of frontal sinuses in Turkish individuals. The present study was performed retrospectively on the CT scans of the paranasal sinuses in the axial and coronal planes from a series of 1200 cases. A bilateral absence and a unilateral absence of sinuses were found in 3.8% and 4.8% of cases, respectively. The clinical significance of the frontal sinuses and their absence are also discussed.
Absence of Right Superior Vena Cava and Aortic Annular Hypoplasia in a Patient With Turner's Syndrome
(Wiley, 2005) Kutay, V; Yakut, C
Cardiovascular abnormalities are frequently encountered in patients with Turner's syndrome. These include coarctation of the aorta, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic root dilatation, atrial and ventricular septal defects, but absence of the right superior vena cava (SVC) in visceroatrial situs solitus is extremely rare. We report absence of the right SVC and congenital aortic annular hypoplasia with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis in a patient with Turner's syndrome. Aortic root extension with prosthetic valve replacement was performed and absent right SVC, which was detected incidentally during operation, is confirmed by postoperative venous angiogram.
Acetabular Fractures From Judet and Letournel To the Present: Research Trends and Global Outcomes With Bibliometric Analysis During 1980 To 2022
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Dundar, Abdulrahim; Ipek, Deniz; Kaya, Sehmuz
Fractures of the acetabulum are one of the most challenging injuries treated by orthopedic surgeons. However, a bibliometric analysis has not been performed in the literature on acetabular fractures, which seriously affect the quality of life of patients. The aim of this study was to summarize the bibliometric and intellectual structure, and determine and map the most recent trends on the topic of acetabular fractures by analyzing the social and structural relationships between the different research components of articles published on the acetabular fractures. 1599 articles on acetabular fractures published between 1980 and 2022 were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database and analyzed. Bibliometric visualization maps were used to reveal trending topics, citation analyses, and international collaborations. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for correlation investigations. The trend in the expected number of articles to be published over the next few years was displayed using the exponential smoothing estimator. The top 3 contributing countries to the literature were United States of America (USA) (551, 34.4%), China (170, 10.6%), and Germany (160, 10%). The most active author was Berton R. Moed (n = 29) and the most active institution was the University of California System (n = 41). A high-level statistically significant correlation was found between the number of articles on the topic of acetabular fractures published by nations and the gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita values of those countries (R = 0.719, P < .001; R = 0.701, P < .001, respectively). The trending topics researched in recent years were 3D printing, 3-dimensional printing, outcomes, Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF), mortality, Kocher-Langenbeck, Pararectus approach, tranexamic acid, transfusion, epidemiology, fracture mapping, modified Stoppa approach, post-traumatic osteoarthritis, pelvis fracture, pelvic trauma, fracture reduction, and pelvic ring injury. The leading countries in research on the subject of acetabular fractures were seen to be western countries with large economies (especially the USA, European countries, and Canada) and China, India and Turkey.
Acetaminophen Intoxication Is Associated With Decreased Serum Paraoxonase and Arylesterase Activities and Increased Lipid Hydroperoxide Levels
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Karadas, S.; Aslan, M.; Gonullu, H.; Kati, C.; Duran, L.; Olmez, S.; Demir, H.
Background: Acetaminophen is at present one of the most commonly used analgesics and antipyretics. Recent evidence has suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanism of acetaminophen intoxication. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) plays an important role as an endogenous free-radical scavenging molecule. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of serum PON1 activity and oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Methods: A total of 20 patients with acetaminophen intoxication and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels, and paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Results: The serum TAC levels and the paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in patients with acetaminophen intoxication compared with controls (all, p < 0.001), while the serum LOOH levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that decreased PON1 activity seems to be associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with acetaminophen intoxication. Measuring serum PON1 activity may be useful in assessing the development of toxicity risk in acetaminophen toxicity. It would be useful to recommend vitamins with antioxidant effects such as vitamins C and E along with medical treatments.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (Arfi) Elastography Quantification of Muscle Stiffness Over a Course of Gradual Isometric Contractions: a Preliminary Study
(Soc Romana Ultrasonografe Medicina Biologie-srumb, 2015) Yavuz, Alpaslan; Bora, Aydin; Bulut, Mehmet Deniz; Batur, Abdussamet; Milanlioglu, Aysel; Goya, Cemil; Andic, Cagatay
Aims: To evaluate the feasibility of quantitative analysis of muscle stiffness by Acoustic Radiation Forced Impulse (ARFI) elastography over a course of graduate isometric voluntary contractions. Material and methods: The stiffness of the bilateral biceps muscle of 13 healthy volunteers was measured in real time by ARFI elastography, while the forearm was in neutral-extended position, 90 degree self-flexed positions and 90 degree self-flexed position, with altered weights ranging from 1 to 8 kg placed on flattened palmar surfaces consecutively. The determined increases in biceps muscle stiffness were measured for both arms and correlated with the loadings weights adopted at progressive trial stages. Results: The mean shear wave velocity (SWV) values of biceps muscles in a neutral position, in 90 degree flex position and 90 degree flex position with 1 to 8 kg weights on palmar surfaces were 2.162 +/- 0.302 m/sec, 3.382 +/- 0.581 m/sec, and 3.897 +/- 0.585 to 5.562 +/- 0.587 m/sec, respectively. Significant correlations between the muscle SWV values and related palmar weights and between the SWV values of right and left sides at different trial stages were identified (r=0.951 and r=0.954, respectively). A mutual propagation path of deep regions to entire areas was described to account for the distribution of increase in stiffness with increases in palmar weights. The confidence of method regarding inter-observer difference was confirmed by the correlation analyses of the results (r=0.998). Conclusions: ARFI elastography is a feasible imaging modality for quantifying the stiffness of isometrically voluntarily contracting muscles.
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastosonography of Placenta in Maternal Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization: a Preliminary and Descriptive Study
(Soc Romana Ultrasonografe Medicina Biologie-srumb, 2017) Cetin, Orkun; Karaman, Erbil; Arslan, Harun; Akbudak, Ibrahim; Yildizhan, Recep; Kolusari, Ali
Aims: Maternal red blood cell alloimmunization is an important cause of fetal morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period, despite well-organized prophylaxis programs. The objective of the study was to evaluate placental elasticity by using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) in Rhesus (Rh) alloimmunized pregnant women with hydropic and nonhydropic fetuses and to compare those with healthy pregnant women. Material and methods: This case-control and descriptive study comprised twenty-eight healthy pregnant women, 14 Rh alloimmunized pregnant women with nonhydropic fetuses, and 16 Rh alloimmunized pregnant women with hydropic fetuses in the third trimester of pregnancy. Placental elasticity measurements were performed by ARFI elastosonography at the day of delivery. The maternal characteristics and neonatal outcomes of the patients were also noted. Results: The highest mean placental ARFI scores were observed in Rh alloimmunized pregnant women with hydropic fetuses (1.13 m/s) (p= 0.001). Healthy controls and Rh alloimmunized pregnant women with nonhydropic fetuses had similar mean placenta ARFI scores (0.84 m/s, 0.88 m/s, respectively) (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the present findings, the placenta becomes stiffer in Rh alloimmunized pregnancies complicated with hydrops fetalis. The increased placental ARFI scores may be a supplemental marker for adverse pregnancy outcomes, additional to Doppler evaluation of middle cerebral artery. This data should be confirmed with a large sample size and prospective studies by using serial measurements of ARFI elastosonography in maternal red blood cell alloimmunization.

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