Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Anesthesia Methods in Our Orthopedics and Traumatology Clinic
Abstract
Günümüzde; genel anestezi, sedoanaljezi, epidural, spinal, kombine bloklar, sinir blokları ve sınırlı uyuşturma yöntemlerini içeren rejyonal anestezi olmak üzere çeşitli anestezi yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji cerrahisi rejyonal anestezi yöntemlerinin sıkça kullanıldığı bir cerrahi branştır. Anestezi yöntemlerinin birbirine göre avantaj ve dezavantajları göz önünde bulundurulacak olursak bu vakaların retrospektif olarak incelenmesinin klinik çalışmalarımızda ileriye dönük katkısının ne kadar önemli olduğu görülecektir. Çalışmamızda Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Dursun Odabaş Tıp Merkezinde Ocak 2006- Aralık 2012 tarihleri arasında alınan Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji vakalarının yaş, cinsiyet, Amerika Anestezi Derneği klinik sınıflandırılması, tanı, uygulanan anestezi tipi, intraoperatif kan verilip verilmediği, acil veya elektif, ek hastalık varlığı, verilen kristaloid ve kolloid miktarı, gelişen komplikasyonlar ve ek ilaç verilip verilmediğini anestezi takip formu ve bilgisayar kayıtları üzerinden retrospektif olarak incelemeyi amaçladık. Genel anestezi uygulanan hastalarda komplikasyon görülme oranı rejyonel anestezi uygulananlara göre anlamlı oranda yüksek bulundu. Rejyonal anestezide görülen komplikasyonlar sırası ile; Spinal Anestezi?nin %1.6?sında, Epidural Anestezi?nin %0.6?da, Periferik sinir ve pleksus blokların?ın %0.4?ünde, Kombine Spinal Epidural Anestezi?nin %0.2?de ve İntravenöz Rejyonal Anestezi?de %0 olarak görüldü. En fazla komplikasyon olarak hipotansiyon, bu da en çok spinal anestezi ile opere olmuş hastalarda görüldü. Opere olmuş hastaların %7.1?de ek ilaç kullanılmış ve bunların %2.2?sinde atropin ve adrenalin kullanılmıştır. Dopamin infüzyonu verilmiş hastaların %64?ü acil, %36?sı elektif, totalde opere olup ilaç kullanılanların %16,3?ünde dopamin infüzyonu verilmiştir. Kan verilmiş hastaların çoğu; acil, ek hastalığı olan, vertebra ameliyatları, Amerika Anestezi Derneği sınıf III ve yoğun bakım ünitesi ihtiyacı olan hastalar olduğundan bu grup hastalarda preoperatif hazırda kan bulundurulması uygundur. Ek hastalığa sahip olan hastalarda postoperatif yoğun bakım ünitesine alınma oranları daha yüksek bulundu. Yoğun bakım ünitesine gönderilen hastaların %41?ine dopamin infüzyonu başlandığından yoğun bakım ihtiyacı olabilecek vakaların önceden tespiti ve vazopressörlere olan ihtiyaçlarının diğer hasta gruplarından daha fazla olabileceğinin göz önünde bulundurulması gerekmektedir. Amerika Anestezi Derneği klinik sınıflandırmasına göre risk arttıkça aciliyet durumunun, perioperatif komplikasyonların, yoğun bakım ünitesi ihtiyacının ve kan verme ihtiyacının arttığı görüldü. Sonuç olarak rejyonal anestezi yöntemlerinin genel anesteziye göre mortalite ve komplikasyon açısından daha güvenli olduğu, ileri yaş ve Amerika Anestezi Derneği klinik sınıflandırmasına göre yüksek risk, yandaş hastalığa sahip, ameliyat sırasında fazla miktarda kanaması olacağı tahmin edilen hasta gruplarında preoperatif hazırlıklarının tam olarak yapılmış olması, intraoperatif dönemde daha sıkı takip ile kan ve vazopressör ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması ve preoperatif olarak operasyon sonrasında yoğun bakım ihtiyacının tespit edilerek gerekli önlemlerin alınması perioperatif mortalite üzerine önemli etkileri bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
At the present time variety of anesthesia methods have been developed which consists of sedoanalgesia, epidural, spinal, combined blocks, regional anesthesia including nerve blocks and local anesthetic methods. Orthopaedia and Traumatology surgery is the most common surgical branch that uses regional anesthesia techniques. To consider the relative advantages and disadvantages of methods of anesthesia, if we examine these cases retrospectively the contribution of a prospective clinical studies can be seen important for the future. In our study, in Yuzuncu Yıl University Dursun Odabas Medical Centre, from the cases of orthopedics and traumatology between January 2006-December 2012 age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists clinical classification, diagnosis, type of anesthesia, intraoperative blood whether parents, emergency or elective, the presence of comorbid disease, the the amount of crystalloid and colloid, anesthesia complications, and additional follow-up form is issued, and the computer records of drug retrospectively evaluated. The incidence of complications in patients undergoing general anesthesia compared to regional anesthesia were significantly high. Complications of regional anesthesia, respectively; Spinal anesthesia 1.6%, epidural anesthesia 0.6%, the peripheral nerve and plexus blacks 0.4%, Combined Spinal Epidural anesthesia 0,2% and Intravenous Regional anesthisia was 0%. The most seen complication was hypotension and this was seen in patients who were treated with spinal anesthesia. 7.1% of patients who had an operation used an additional drugs which were 2.2 % atropine and adrenaline. 64% of the patients which had dopamine infusion was taken to the operation room emergency, 36% was elective and totally 16.3% who had an operation and used additional drugs had dopamine infusion. Most of the patient who had blood tranfusion were; emergency, comorbid disease, spine surgery and the American Society of Anesthesiologists class III patients in need of intensive care unit and in this group preoperatively blood were needed to be prepared. Comorbidities in patients with postoperative intensive care unit admission rates were higher. 41% of patients who has been sent to intensive care unit started dopamine infusion and might require vasopressors more than others that is why we need to determine the patients who needs intensive care unit in advance. When the risk of American Society of Anesthesiologists classification increases then the clinical emergency status, perioperative complications, intensive care unit requirement and blood transfusion requirement increases. As a result, methods of regional anesthesia is safer than general anesthesia in terms of mortality and complications, advanced age and high risk according to American Society of Anesthesiologists clinical classification, associated with the disease, too much bleeding during surgery, which is expected to be made full preparations for the group of patients preoperatively, intraoperatively more rigorous follow-up period, preoperative blood and vasopressor requirements and identify the need for intensive care after the operation and the necessary measures have been found to have a significant impact on mortality perioperartif.
At the present time variety of anesthesia methods have been developed which consists of sedoanalgesia, epidural, spinal, combined blocks, regional anesthesia including nerve blocks and local anesthetic methods. Orthopaedia and Traumatology surgery is the most common surgical branch that uses regional anesthesia techniques. To consider the relative advantages and disadvantages of methods of anesthesia, if we examine these cases retrospectively the contribution of a prospective clinical studies can be seen important for the future. In our study, in Yuzuncu Yıl University Dursun Odabas Medical Centre, from the cases of orthopedics and traumatology between January 2006-December 2012 age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists clinical classification, diagnosis, type of anesthesia, intraoperative blood whether parents, emergency or elective, the presence of comorbid disease, the the amount of crystalloid and colloid, anesthesia complications, and additional follow-up form is issued, and the computer records of drug retrospectively evaluated. The incidence of complications in patients undergoing general anesthesia compared to regional anesthesia were significantly high. Complications of regional anesthesia, respectively; Spinal anesthesia 1.6%, epidural anesthesia 0.6%, the peripheral nerve and plexus blacks 0.4%, Combined Spinal Epidural anesthesia 0,2% and Intravenous Regional anesthisia was 0%. The most seen complication was hypotension and this was seen in patients who were treated with spinal anesthesia. 7.1% of patients who had an operation used an additional drugs which were 2.2 % atropine and adrenaline. 64% of the patients which had dopamine infusion was taken to the operation room emergency, 36% was elective and totally 16.3% who had an operation and used additional drugs had dopamine infusion. Most of the patient who had blood tranfusion were; emergency, comorbid disease, spine surgery and the American Society of Anesthesiologists class III patients in need of intensive care unit and in this group preoperatively blood were needed to be prepared. Comorbidities in patients with postoperative intensive care unit admission rates were higher. 41% of patients who has been sent to intensive care unit started dopamine infusion and might require vasopressors more than others that is why we need to determine the patients who needs intensive care unit in advance. When the risk of American Society of Anesthesiologists classification increases then the clinical emergency status, perioperative complications, intensive care unit requirement and blood transfusion requirement increases. As a result, methods of regional anesthesia is safer than general anesthesia in terms of mortality and complications, advanced age and high risk according to American Society of Anesthesiologists clinical classification, associated with the disease, too much bleeding during surgery, which is expected to be made full preparations for the group of patients preoperatively, intraoperatively more rigorous follow-up period, preoperative blood and vasopressor requirements and identify the need for intensive care after the operation and the necessary measures have been found to have a significant impact on mortality perioperartif.
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Keywords
Anestezi ve Reanimasyon, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji, Anestetikler, Anestezi, Anestezi ve Analjezi, Anestezi-Epidural, Anestezi-Genel, Anestezi-Kondüksiyon, Anestezi-Spinal, Ortopedik Cerrahi, Retrospektif Çalışmalar, Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Orthopedics and Traumatology, Anesthetics, Anesthesia, Anesthesia and Analgesia, Anesthesia-Epidural, Anesthesia-General, Anesthesia-Conduction, Anesthesia-Spinal, Orthopedic Surgery, Retrospective Studies
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