Kurmanci ve Sorani Lehçelerinin Cümlenin Öğelerinin Uyumları Çerçevesinde Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Bir cümlenin anlamlı olabilmesi için o cümlenin öğelerinin bazı kurallara göre uyum içinde olması gerekmektedir. Bahsettiğimiz bu uyum olgusu her dilde farklı bir şekilde kendini gösterebilir. Bazı diller vardır ki uyumları akuzatiftir, uyumları özne ile yüklem arasındadır; bazı diller vardır ki uyumları ergatifdir, uyumları nesne ile yüklem arasındadır. Kuşkusuz bazı dillerin uyumları bir birlerine benzer, bazılarınki de benzemez. Uyum farklılıkları bir dilin içindeki farklı lehçelerde de görülebilir. Kürtçe'nin Kurmanci ve Sorani lehçelerinin uyum benzerliklerini ve farklılarını belirlemek bu iki lehçenin ortak yönlerini ve farklı yönlerini belirleme açısından gereklidir. Bu çalışmada Kürtçe'nin Sorani ve Kurmanci lehçelerini özne, nesne ve yüklemin uyumu çerçevesinde karşılaştırılıp benzeşen yönleri ve ayrışan yönleri tespit edildi. Bu çalışma bu iki lehçe hakkında bugüne kadar yazılmış gramer kitapları, tezler ve makaleler baz alınarak yapıldı. Bu çalışma üç bölümden oluşmuştur. Birinci bölümde dil, dilbilim ve uyumdan bahsedildi, ikinci bölümde Kurmanci ve Sorani lehçelerinde zamir ve kişi eklerinden bahsedildi ve üçüncü bölümde Kurmanci ve Sorani lehçerinin uyum çeşitlerinden bahsedildi. Şimdiki zamanda ve gelecek zamanda Sorani ve Kurmanci lehçelerinin uyumları bir birine benziyor ve uyumları özne ile yüklem arasındadır. Geçmiş zamanlarda ise bazı yönleriyle benzeşiyorlar, bazı yönleriyle de ayrışıyorlar. Geçmiş zamanlarda eğer yüklem olan fiil geçişsiz ise, uyumları bir birlerine benzemekte ama geçmiş zamanlarda yüklem olan fiil geçişli ise farklı uyum türleri ortaya çıkıyor. Biz analizimizi zamanlara göre (şimdiki zaman, gelecek zaman ve geçmiş zamanlar) ve yüklem olan fiilin geçişli veya geçişsiz olma durumuna göre yaptık. Çünkü her iki lehçede de zamanlara ve fiilin geçişli ve geçişsiz olma durumuna göre uyum çeşitleri değişmektedir. Araştırmamızda ayrıca her iki lehçenin uyumlarının istisna durumlarından da bahsettik.
In order for a sentence to be meaningful, the elements of that sentence must be in agreement according to some rules. This phenomenon of harmony that we are talking about can manifest itself in a different way in each language. There are some languages that their harmony is akuzatif, their agreement is between subject and predicate; there are some languages that their agreement is ergative, their harmony is between object and predicate. Undoubtedly, the agreements of some languages are similar to each other, and some of them are not similar. Differences in agreement can also be observed in different dialects within a language. Determining the similarities and differences in agreement between the Kurmanji and Sorani dialects of Kurdish is necessary in order to determine the common aspects and differences of these two dialects. In this study, the Sorani and Kurmanji dialects of Kurdish were compared within the framework of the agreement of subject, object and predicate, and their similarities and differences were determined. This study was conducted based on grammar books, theses and articles written so far about these two dialects. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, language, linguistics and agreement were discussed, in the second part, pronoun and personal suffixes in Kurmanji and Sorani dialects were mentioned and in the third part, agreement types of Kurmanji and Sorani dialect were mentioned. The agreements of Sorani and Kurmanji dialects in present and future tenses is similar to each other and their agreement is between the subject and the predicate. In the past tense, they are similar in some ways and different in some ways. If the predicate verb is intransitive in the past tense, their agreements is similar to each other, but if the predicate verb is transitive in the past tense, different types of agreements emerge. We made our analysis according to the tenses (present tense, future tense and past tense) and the transitive or intransitive status of the predicate verb. Because in both dialects, the types of agreements change according to the tenses and the transitive or intransitive status of the verb. In our research, we also mentioned the exceptions to the agreements of both dialects.
In order for a sentence to be meaningful, the elements of that sentence must be in agreement according to some rules. This phenomenon of harmony that we are talking about can manifest itself in a different way in each language. There are some languages that their harmony is akuzatif, their agreement is between subject and predicate; there are some languages that their agreement is ergative, their harmony is between object and predicate. Undoubtedly, the agreements of some languages are similar to each other, and some of them are not similar. Differences in agreement can also be observed in different dialects within a language. Determining the similarities and differences in agreement between the Kurmanji and Sorani dialects of Kurdish is necessary in order to determine the common aspects and differences of these two dialects. In this study, the Sorani and Kurmanji dialects of Kurdish were compared within the framework of the agreement of subject, object and predicate, and their similarities and differences were determined. This study was conducted based on grammar books, theses and articles written so far about these two dialects. This study consists of three parts. In the first part, language, linguistics and agreement were discussed, in the second part, pronoun and personal suffixes in Kurmanji and Sorani dialects were mentioned and in the third part, agreement types of Kurmanji and Sorani dialect were mentioned. The agreements of Sorani and Kurmanji dialects in present and future tenses is similar to each other and their agreement is between the subject and the predicate. In the past tense, they are similar in some ways and different in some ways. If the predicate verb is intransitive in the past tense, their agreements is similar to each other, but if the predicate verb is transitive in the past tense, different types of agreements emerge. We made our analysis according to the tenses (present tense, future tense and past tense) and the transitive or intransitive status of the predicate verb. Because in both dialects, the types of agreements change according to the tenses and the transitive or intransitive status of the verb. In our research, we also mentioned the exceptions to the agreements of both dialects.
Description
Keywords
Doğu Dilleri ve Edebiyatı, Eastern Linguistics and Literature
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
WoS Q
Scopus Q
Source
Volume
Issue
Start Page
End Page
147

